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This article presents a global population-based study on the distribution and trends of salivary gland cancer. The study utilized data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The findings reveal that salivary gland cancer burden is higher in regions with higher Human Development Index (HDI) and is associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. The study also highlights a rising trend of salivary gland cancer among females, possibly linked to hormonal factors. However, the study acknowledges limitations in data availability and classification in low-income countries. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between socioeconomic factors and salivary gland cancer burden. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To examine the global disease burden and country‐specific trends of penile cancer incidence by age group and investigate its associations with several factors. Materials and Methods: The Global Cancer Observatory database was interrogated for penile cancer incidence. The 10‐year cancer incidence rates were collected from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The country‐specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases for conducting risk factors analysis. The penile cancer incidence was presented using age‐standardised rates. Its associations with various factors were examined by linear regression, while the incidence trend was estimated using joinpoint regression and presented as average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. Results: There were an estimated 36 068 new cases of penile cancer in 2020. There was a considerable geographical disparity in the disease burden of penile cancer, with South America reporting the highest incidence. Overall, alcohol drinking, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and unsafe sex were positively associated with a higher penile cancer incidence, while circumcision was found to be a protective factor. There has been a mixed trend in penile cancer incidence overall, but an increasing trend was found among younger males. Conclusions: There was a global variation in the penile cancer burden associated with prevalence of alcohol drinking, HIV infection, unsafe sex, and circumcision. The increasing penile cancer incidence in the younger population is worrying and calls for early detection and preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between negative mental health conditions and demographic characteristics, socioeconomic background and health‐related parameters in both Hong Kong's primary and secondary school students. Methods: A self‐administrated survey was conducted and investigated the prevalence of negative mental health conditions (psychological stress, depression and suicidality) in students from 30 primary schools and 25 secondary schools in Hong Kong in 2017. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was chosen as the instrument to evaluate non‐specific psychological distress. Depression was evaluated using the prolonged feeling of despair as a proxy. Suicidality was measured by four questions on whether they had ever intentionally injured themselves, seriously considered attempting suicide, planned how they would attempt suicide and had attempted suicide. Multiple logistic regression models examined the explanatory factors' association with mental health conditions after adjusting for confounding, using the enter method. Results: A total of 4884 responses were collected. It is found that both very high and low parent expectations were risk factors for multiple conditions, namely suicidality and psychological distress among primary school students, and psychological distress among secondary school students. As for primary school students, the experience of being bullied was a significant risk factor for all conditions. A significant association was found between having one's own bedroom and suicidality amongst primary school students; whilst having three close friends or more and higher life satisfaction levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of negative mental health conditions among secondary school students. Conclusions: It was found that having one's own bedroom was a risk factor for suicidality among primary school student. Parents should be alert to the risky behaviours of children, have more involvement in children's daily life and build a supportive and caring family environment for children. For secondary school students, as the importance of friends is greatly increased, teachers should encourage students to engage in extra‐curricular activities in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvar cancer is an uncommon malignancy. Vulvar cancer alarmed the public health problem in terms of the cost of diagnostic and medical treatments and psychical health of females. Our study aims to provide a thorough analysis of the global disease burden, related risk factors and temporal incidence trends of vulvar cancer in population subgroups. Data from Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus were used for the vulvar cancer incidence. Age‐standardized rates (ASR) were used to depict the incidence of vulvar cancer. The 10‐year trend of incidence was assessed using joinpoint regression with average annual percentage change and 95% confidence intervals in various age groups, while its correlations with risk factors were investigated using linear regression. Higher ASR were found in Western Europe (2.4), Northern America (1.9), Northern Europe (1.9), Australia and New Zealand (1.8) and Eastern Africa (1.4). The associated risk factors of higher vulvar cancer incidence were gross domestic product per capita, Human Development Index, higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The overall trend of vulvar cancer incidence was increasing. An increasing trend was found in older females while a mixed trend was observed in younger females. The disease burden of vulvar cancer follows a bimodal pattern according to its two histologic pathways, affecting women in both developed and developing regions. Smoking cessation, sex education and human papillomavirus vaccination programs should be promoted among the general population. Subsequent studies can be done to explore the reasons behind the increasing trend of vulvar cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Design Setting Population Methods Main Outcome Measures Results Conclusions This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and trends for vaginal cancer.Retrospective observational design.Data were collected from multiple sources, including the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, Global Burden of Disease, World Bank and the United Nations.Individuals diagnosed with vaginal cancer.The study collected data on vaginal cancer from the specified sources. The age‐standardised rate (ASR) of vaginal cancer was calculated for different regions and age groups. Multivariable and univariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between risk factors and the incidence of vaginal cancer. Trend analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression analysis, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend.The main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of vaginal cancer, risk factors associated with the disease and the trend of its incidence over time.There were 17 908 newly reported cases of vaginal cancer (ASR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30–0.44) in 2020, with the highest ASRs reported in South–Central Asia and Southern Africa. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of vaginal cancer included a higher prevalence of unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The temporal trend showed an overall rising incidence globally, with Iceland (AAPC = 29.56, 95% CI 12.12–49.71), Chile (AAPC = 22.83, 95% CI 13.20–33.27), Bahrain (AAPC = 22.05, 95% CI 10.83–34.40) and the UK (AAPC = 1.40, 95% CI 0.41–2.39) demonstrating the most significant rising trends.The significant regional disparities and risk factors associated with vaginal cancer underscore the necessity for targeted interventions and education, particularly in regions with a lower human development index (HDI) and a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The increasing incidence trend emphasises the need for enhanced HPV vaccination rates to prevent the development of vaginal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the second stage of the electronic health record sharing system (eHRSS), a mobile application "eHealth app" was launched to further enhance collaborative care among the public sector, the private sector, the community, and the caregivers.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the downloading and utilization of the app, as well as the awareness, perception, and future improvement of the app.Methods: We collected 2,110 surveys, respondents were stratified into three groups according to their status of enrollment in the eHRSS, downloaded, and adopted eHealth app. We collected the data on social economics factors, variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Any factors identified as significant in univariate analysis (p<.20) will be included in a subsequent multivariable regression analysis model. All p values ≤.05 will be considered as statistically significant in multiple logistic regression analysis. The structural equation modelling was performed to identify interactions among the variables.Results: The respondents had an overall high satisfaction rate and a positive attitude toward continuing to adopt and recommend the app. However, he satisfaction rate among respondents who have downloaded but not adopted the app was relatively lower, few of them perceived the downloading and acceptance process are difficult. A high proportion of current users expressed a positive attitude about continuing to adopt and recommend the applications to friends, colleagues and family members. The behavioural intention strongly predicted the acceptance of the eHealth app (β=0.89, p<.001). Attitude (β=0.30, <.001) and perceived norm β=0.37, p<.001) played important roles in determining behavioral intention, which could predict the downloading and acceptance of the eHealth app (β=0.14, p<.001).Conclusions: Despite the high satisfaction rate among the respondents, privacy concerns and perceived difficulties in adopting the app were the major challenges of promoting eHealth. Further promotion could be made through doctors and publicity. For future improvement, comprehensive health records and tailored health information should be included.Clinicaltrial: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]