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26. Evaluation of the Effect of Dietary Manganese on the Intestinal Digestive Function, Antioxidant Response, and Muscle Quality in Coho Salmon.

Author

Liu, Dongwu, Xie, Wenshuo, Xia, Zhiling, Wang, Ya, Zhang, Xinran, Pang, Qiuxiang, and Qin, Jianguang

Subjects
COHO salmon, PROTEIN kinase B, FISH physiology, FISH growth, GLUTATHIONE peroxidase, SUPEROXIDE dismutase, DIGESTIVE enzymes
Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is a nutritional element required for fish growth and physiology functions. In this study, we examined the effect of Mn on the intestinal digestive function, antioxidant response, and muscle quality in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Nine hundred salmons with initial weight approximately 0.35 g were fed with six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets formulated to contain 2.4, 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg Mn for 84 days. The result showed that the activity of trypsin and lipase was elevated, whereas α‐amylase activity was not affected by various Mn diets in intestine. Dietary Mn elevated the activity of Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), and catalase (CAT), but had no influence on copper/zinc‐superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) in intestine. Dietary Mn at 8.5, 14.8, 19.8, 24.6, and 33.7 mg/kg enhanced the gene expression level of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the accumulation of Mn in muscle was enhanced with increasing levels of dietary Mn. Dietary Mn elevated the content of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), but the content of iron (Fe) and Zn was decreased by dietary Mn in the salmon muscle. The content of fatty acids and amino acids was enhanced by various levels of dietary Mn in muscle. Moreover, a significant quadratic effect was observed on the texture of salmon muscle. The dietary Mn requirement was 16.9–25.7 mg/kg Mn to acquire the highest value of muscle texture using the quadratic regression model. The diets at 14.8 and 19.8 mg/kg Mn had a higher score of sensory evaluation for raw muscle. Our result showed that dietary Mn affected the intestinal digestion function and antioxidant response, which may further result in the change of muscle quality in coho salmon. The result will provide reference for detecting the effect of dietary micronutrients on the muscle quality of salmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Impact of polystyrene microplastic carriers on the toxicity of Pb2+towards freshwater planarian Dugesia japonicaElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1 to S7 and Tables S1 to S4. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3en00991b

Author

Xie, Changjian, Li, Xiaowei, Chen, Yiqing, Wu, Xin, Chen, Haiyang, Zhang, Shujing, Jiang, Libo, Pang, Qiuxiang, Irshad, Samina, Guo, Zhiling, Lynch, Iseult, and Zhang, Peng

Abstract

The global concern over ecological contamination from microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals prompts apprehensions about environmental integrity and human well-being. Yet, the co-exposure of MPs and toxic metals in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonicaremains poorly understood. We addressed this gap by studying the individual and combined toxic effects of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) and lead (Pb2+ions) on D. japonica. PS-MPs, at 20 mg L−1, acted as carriers of Pb2+ions, impacting planarian homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and neuronal development. In situhybridization (WISH) and immunofluorescence showed that both Pb2+and PS–Pb2+interfered with stem cell differentiation and proliferation in homeostatic planarians, decreasing stem cells by 43.7% and 67.4%, respectively, compared with the control. Molecular and genetic studies revealed that both Pb2+ions and PS–Pb2+disrupted planarian antioxidant systems (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) and energy metabolism, while PS-MPs appeared to facilitate the disruptive effects of Pb2+ions on energy metabolism, potentially triggering ferroptosis. Oxidative damage, including DNA damage, was caused as a result of this disruption, which inhibited mitochondrial function and prevented cell differentiation and proliferation, thereby slowing neuron regeneration. The results suggest that PS-MPs can function as ‘Trojan horses’, transporting Pb2+ions into aquatic environments, and causing negative effects on benthic organisms.

Published
2024
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