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Lutjanus gibbus is a commercially valuable demersal fish and a potential fish resource in the waters of Kupang. Morphometrics data were collected from 3,890 specimens landed at PPI Oeba from March 2019 through December 2020—analysis of data including population size structure, dynamics, mortality, and exploitation rate. Population dynamics, growth, and exploitation rates were analyzed using the FiSAT II and ELEFAN software programs. The most common fishing gear is a handline and a bottom longline used in one-day fishing. The results showed that the catch length was between 18 - 50 cm TL. The value of Lc (33,1 cmTL) was greater than that of Lm (28,66 cmTL). The growth parameter values showed asymptotic length (L) 52.50 cmTL, growth rate (K) 0.31 per year, and length at time zero (t0) -0.45. The natural mortality rate (M) of 1.18 exceeded the fishing mortality rate (F) of 0.87, the total mortality rate (Z) of 2.05, and the exploitation rate (E) of 0.42. The exploitation rate of Lutjanus gibbus in these waters indicates that the stock condition is below the optimal limit (underexploited) so that it can still be exploited with an additional effort equal to 16% of the current attempt while maintaining sustainability.

Previous research has supported selecting development-matched targets rather than age-matched targets to teach play skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. However, few studies have been conducted, and replications and extensions of this research are needed. The current study replicated Pane et al. (2022) by comparing the acquisition of development-matched and age-matched play targets when teaching play skills to four children with autism. No contrived prompts or consequences were used to teach play skills in either condition. Extensions included identifying targets via a newer version of the Developmental Play Assessment, targeting different play categories, assessing additional imitation skills, and conducting a caregiver assessment to identify socially valid toys, play actions, and vocalizations based on each participant's common experiences and preferences as well as their caregiver's values and preferences. As in Pane et al., participants demonstrated a higher level of scripted play actions in the development-matched condition.

UNLABELLED: Biodegradable plastics are urgently needed to replace petroleum-derived polymeric materials and prevent their accumulation in the environment. To this end, we isolated and characterized a halophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. The isolate was identified as a Halomonas species and designated CUBES01. Full-genome sequencing and genomic reconstruction revealed the unique genetic traits and metabolic capabilities of the strain, including the common polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis pathway. Fluorescence staining identified intracellular polyester granules that accumulated predominantly during the strains exponential growth, a feature rarely found among natural PHA producers. CUBES01 was found to metabolize a range of renewable carbon feedstocks, including glucosamine and acetyl-glucosamine, as well as sucrose, glucose, fructose, and further glycerol, propionate, and acetate. Depending on the substrate, the strain accumulated up to ~60% of its biomass (dry wt/wt) in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), while reaching a doubling time of 1.7 h at 30°C and an optimum osmolarity of 1 M sodium chloride and a pH of 8.8. The physiological preferences of the strain may not only enable long-term aseptic cultivation but also facilitate the release of intracellular products through osmolysis. The development of a minimal medium also allowed the estimation of maximum polyhydroxybutyrate production rates, which were projected to exceed 5 g/h. Finally, also, the genetic tractability of the strain was assessed in conjugation experiments: two orthogonal plasmid vectors were stable in the heterologous host, thereby opening the possibility of genetic engineering through the introduction of foreign genes. IMPORTANCE: The urgent need for renewable replacements for synthetic materials may be addressed through microbial biotechnology. To simplify the large-scale implementation of such bio-processes, robust cell factories that can utilize sustainable and widely available feedstocks are pivotal. To this end, non-axenic growth-associated production could reduce operational costs and enhance biomass productivity, thereby improving commercial competitiveness. Another major cost factor is downstream processing, especially in the case of intracellular products, such as bio-polyesters. Simplified cell-lysis strategies could also further improve economic viability.

ABSTRACT: The advent of immunological therapies has revolutionized the treatment of solid and haematological cancers over the last decade. Licensed therapies which activate the immune system to target cancer cells can be broadly divided into two classes. The first class are antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoint signalling, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The second class are cell‐based immune therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte (CAR‐T) cell therapies, natural killer (NK) cell therapies, and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies. The clinical efficacy of all these treatments generally outweighs the risks, but there is a high rate of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which are often unpredictable in timing with clinical sequalae ranging from mild (e.g. rash) to severe or even fatal (e.g. myocarditis, cytokine release syndrome) and reversible to permanent (e.g. endocrinopathies).The mechanisms underpinning irAE pathology vary across different irAE complications and syndromes, reflecting the broad clinical phenotypes observed and the variability of different individual immune responses, and are poorly understood overall. Immune‐related cardiovascular toxicities have emerged, and our understanding has evolved from focussing initially on rare but fatal ICI‐related myocarditis with cardiogenic shock to more common complications including less severe ICI‐related myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, including conduction system disease and heart block, non‐inflammatory heart failure, takotsubo syndrome and coronary artery disease. In this scientific statement on the cardiovascular toxicities of immune therapies for cancer, we summarize the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of ICI, CAR‐T, NK, and TIL therapies. We also highlight gaps in the literature and where future research should focus.

Oculomotor deficits are common in hereditary ataxia, but disproportionally neglected in clinical ataxia scales and as outcome measures for interventional trials. Quantitative assessment of oculomotor function has become increasingly available and thus applicable in multicenter trials and offers the opportunity to capture severity and progression of oculomotor impairment in a sensitive and reliable manner. In this consensus paper of the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group On Digital Oculomotor Biomarkers, based on a systematic literature review, we propose harmonized methodology and measurement parameters for the quantitative assessment of oculomotor function in natural-history studies and clinical trials in hereditary ataxia. MEDLINE was searched for articles reporting on oculomotor/vestibular properties in ataxia patients and a study-tailored quality-assessment was performed. One-hundred-and-seventeen articles reporting on subjects with genetically confirmed (n=1134) or suspected hereditary ataxia (n=198), and degenerative ataxias with sporadic presentation (n=480) were included and subject to data extraction. Based on robust discrimination from controls, correlation with disease-severity, sensitivity to change, and feasibility in international multicenter settings as prerequisite for clinical trials, we prioritize a core-set of five eye-movement types: (i) pursuit eye movements, (ii) saccadic eye movements, (iii) fixation, (iv) eccentric gaze holding, and (v) rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. We provide detailed guidelines for their acquisition, and recommendations on the quantitative parameters to extract. Limitations include low study quality, heterogeneity in patient populations, and lack of longitudinal studies. Standardization of quantitative oculomotor assessments will facilitate their implementation, interpretation, and validation in clinical trials, and ultimately advance our understanding of the evolution of oculomotor network dysfunction in hereditary ataxias.

This paper describes a new species of Halamphora – Halamphora lombokensis sp. nov. and records for the first time Halamphora banzuensis for the coasts of Indonesia. The study utilized light and scanning electron microscopy to meticulously examine the morphology. These species were found at Kuta Beach on the island of Lombok in Indonesia in highly saline sandy environments. The newly identified species, H. lombokensis sp. nov., is characterized by its semi-lanceolate to narrowly semi-elliptic shape with a straight ventral and convex dorsal margin. The study contributes to our understanding of marine diatom flora in Indonesia’s coastal regions.

Background: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) is a reliable and valid tool for rapid identification of dysphagia in patients aged 18 months to 18 years. Aims: To translate and adapt the PEDI-EAT-10 into the Italian language and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods & Procedures: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the tool consisted of five stages: initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation and test of the prefinal version. The internal consistency of the translated tool was analysed in a clinical group composed of 200 patients with special healthcare needs aged between 18 months and 18 years. They were consecutively enrolled at the Rare Disease Unit, Paediatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome. For test-retest reliability, 50 caregivers filled in the PEDI-EAT-10 questionnaire for a second time after a 2-week period. Construct validity was established by comparing data obtained from patients with data from healthy participants (n = 200). The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Outcomes & Results: Psychometric data obtained from patients (104 M; mean age = 8.08 ± 4.85 years; median age = 7 years) showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (Pearson r = 0.99; Spearman r = 0.96). A total of 30% of children were classified as having a high risk of penetration/aspiration. The Italian PEDI-EAT-10 mean total score of the clinical group was significantly different from that resulting from healthy participants. Conclusions & Implications: The PEDI-EAT-10 was successfully translated into Italian, validated and found to be a reliable one-page rapid screening tool to identify dysphagia in children and adolescents with special needs.

Characterizing bedside oculomotor deficits is a critical factor in defining the clinical presentation of hereditary ataxias. Quantitative assessments are increasingly available and have significant advantages, including comparability over time, reduced examiner dependency, and sensitivity to subtle changes. To delineate the potential of quantitative oculomotor assessments as digital-motor outcome measures for clinical trials in ataxia, we searched MEDLINE for articles reporting on quantitative eye movement recordings in genetically confirmed or suspected hereditary ataxias, asking which paradigms are most promising for capturing disease progression and treatment response. Eighty-nine manuscripts identified reported on 1541 patients, including spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA2, n = 421), SCA3 (n = 268), SCA6 (n = 117), other SCAs (n = 97), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA, n = 178), Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC, n = 57), and ataxia-telangiectasia (n = 85) as largest cohorts. Whereas most studies reported discriminatory power of oculomotor assessments in diagnostics, few explored their value for monitoring genotype-specific disease progression (n = 2; SCA2) or treatment response (n = 8; SCA2, FRDA, NPC, ataxia-telangiectasia, episodic-ataxia 4). Oculomotor parameters correlated with disease severity measures including clinical scores (n = 18 studies (SARA: n = 9)), chronological measures (e.g., age, disease duration, time-to-symptom onset; n = 17), genetic stratification (n = 9), and imaging measures of atrophy (n = 5). Recurrent correlations across many ataxias (SCA2/3/17, FRDA, NPC) suggest saccadic eye movements as potentially generic quantitative oculomotor outcome. Recommendation of other paradigms was limited by the scarcity of cross-validating correlations, except saccadic intrusions (FRDA), pursuit eye movements (SCA17), and quantitative head-impulse testing (SCA3/6). This work aids in understanding the current knowledge of quantitative oculomotor parameters in hereditary ataxias, and identifies gaps for validation as potential trial outcome measures in specific ataxia genotypes.

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of, and leading cause of mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Its severity, age at onset, and rate of progression display wide variability, whose molecular bases have been scarcely elucidated. Potential DCM-modifying factors include glucocorticoid (GC) and cardiological treatments, DMD mutation type and location, and variants in other genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively collected 3138 echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (SF), and end-diastolic volume (EDV) from 819 DMD participants, 541 from an Italian multicentric cohort and 278 from the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Group Duchenne Natural History Study (CINRG-DNHS). Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, we estimated the yearly rate of decrease of EF (-0.80%) and SF (-0.41%), while EDV increase was not significantly associated with age. Utilizing a multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) model we observed that mutations preserving the expression of the C-terminal Dp71 isoform of dystrophin were correlated with decreased EDV (-11.01 mL/m2, p = 0.03) while for dp116 were correlated with decreased EF (-4.14%, p =

Anaelisis buetir soael daepaet diguenaekaen uentuek membaentue meningkaetkaen kueaelitaes bute ir soael melaeluei revisi aetaeue membueane g soale yaeng tidaek efektif, dane daepaet diguenaekaen sebaegaei informaesi diaegnostik paedae siswae, aepaekahe merekae sude ahe memaehame i materie yane g telahe diaejaerkaen. Paedae kaeryae ilmiaeh ini, peneliti aekaen melaekuke aen aenaelisis buetir soael uelaengaen haeriaen mengguenaekane model Rasche yaeng melibatkanee sate upe aeraemeter unte uke menguke uer tingkate kesulite ane soale pade ae materie lingkaerane kelase V SDN 1 Syaemtaliraee Baeyue . Tuejueaen penelitiaen ini aedaelaeh une tuek mengetaehuie baegaeimaenae kueale itaes buetir soael daen kemame puanee siswae sekolahe dase ar,e khuse use nyae SDN 1 Syamte aliraee Baeyue Penelitiane ini merupe aekaen penelitiane evaelueaetif dengaen pendekaetaen deskriptif kueaentitaetif. Haesil penelitiaen menuenjuekkaen baehwae semueae soael yaeng diuejikaen paedae pesertae tes aedale aeh vaelid dane reliabile itas.e Hasile Tingkate kesuke aranee daeri 10 soale yane g diujie ade aelahe 4 soale tergolong muedaeh, 4 soael tergolong sedane g daen 2 soael tergolong saengaet suekaer

Introduction: Nature-based and outdoor learning approaches have shown promising results in enhancing English language skills and student engagement. These methods allow students to explore and interact directly with their environment. Interactive e-books have shown promise in enhancing English language skills across various educational levels. Objective: The research aims to determine the effectiveness of interactive e-books integrating nature-based and outdoor learning to improve students’ English skills and physical engagement. Methodology: This is descriptive quantitative research. The data collection techniques are interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Results: Based on the analysis, the integrated interactive e-book based on nature-based learning and local wisdom is valid and can be used in the learning process. The average value for each aspect is 4.2, which indicates that the e-book is valid. Discussion: The results of hypothesis testing and gain scores show that students in the experimental class who learned using the integrated interactive e-book based on nature-based learning and local wisdom experienced a more significant increase in learning outcomes than students in the control class. The average student score in the experimental class was 70%, a high category, while the average student score in the control class was 50%, a medium category. Conclusions: So, it can be concluded that integrated interactive e-books based on nature-based learning and local wisdom in English learning effectively increase students’ English skills.

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly experiencing anthropogenic pressures such as climate warming, CO2 increase, metal and organic pollution, overfishing, and resource extraction. Some resulting stressors are more direct like pollution and fisheries, and others more indirect like ocean acidification, yet they jointly affect marine biota, communities, and entire ecosystems. While single-stressor effects have been widely investigated, the interactive effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems are less researched. In this study, we review the literature on multiple stressors and their interactive effects in coastal environments across organisms. We classify the interactions into three categories: synergistic, additive, and antagonistic. We found phytoplankton and bivalves to be the most studied taxonomic groups. Climate warming is identified as the most dominant stressor which, in combination, with other stressors such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and metal pollution exacerbate adverse effects on physiological traits such as growth rate, fitness, basal respiration, and size. Phytoplankton appears to be most sensitive to interactions between warming, metal and nutrient pollution. In warm and nutrient-enriched environments, the presence of metals considerably affects the uptake of nutrients, and increases respiration costs and toxin production in phytoplankton. For bivalves, warming and low pH are the most lethal stressors. The combined effect of heat stress and ocean acidification leads to decreased growth rate, shell size, and acid-base regulation capacity in bivalves. However, for a holistic understanding of how coastal food webs will evolve with ongoing changes, we suggest more research on ecosystem-level responses. This can be achieved by combining in-situ observations from controlled environments (e.g. mesocosm experiments) with modelling approaches.

Background: The Fontan operation is associated with chronic venous hypertension, liver and renal disease, and several other sequelae. The alterative surgical approach, when feasible, a biventricular conversion (BiV), may diminish some of these long-term risks. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes of patients undergoing BiV with those undergoing a destination Fontan operation. Methods: We identified all patients with univentricular physiology cared for at Boston Children’s Hospital between 2007 and 2022 and divided them into those who received BiV or Fontan operations. Outcomes included 10-year incidences of modified major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and transplant-free survival. Outcomes in the 2 groups were compared using propensity matching. Results: A total of 927 patients were evaluated, 341 BiV and 586 Fontan. Following propensity matching, 258 patients from each group were compared. There were no differences between groups in estimated 10-year freedom from MACE (P = 0.70), transplant-free survival (P = 0.70), or freedom from renal disease (P = 0.60). However, estimated 10-year freedom from liver disease was greater in BiV patients (82% BiV vs 71% Fontan, P = 0.02). Incidence rate per 100 person-years follow-up of surgical interventions and readmissions was higher among BiV patients (10.11 vs 1.85, P

Coleus amboinicus Lour. is a herbal plant with immunoregulatory effects due to the polyphenols it contains. This research aims to determine the effects of Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract on the biochemical markers and the liver histopathological scores of septic rat model. We used 28 Rattus norvegicus rats for the study and divided them into 4 groups consisting of 7 rats each: control (healthy rats without treatment), group 1 (septic rats treated with antibiotics), group 2 (septic rats treated with antibiotics and 250 mg/kg body weight of Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract), and group 3 (septic rats treated with antibiotics and 500 mg/kg body weight of Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract). We measured the serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels, as well as the liver histopathological scores, to assess the improvement. Results showed a decrease in the serum glucose, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels of the rat groups given Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract compared to the rat group given only antibiotics, though the decrease was not significant (p = 0.393; p = 0.064; p = 0.961; p = 0.288; p = 0.119, respectively). However, there was a significant decrease in the liver histopathological scores of the rat groups given Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract compared to the rat group given only antibiotics (p = 0.003). To conclude, Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaf extract administration has no significant effect on the biochemical markers but improves the liver histopathological scores in septic rat model.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors that influence the increase in MSMEs income such as e-commerce, capital and business experience. The type of data used is primary data using a sample of 47 MSMEs located on Soekarno Hatta Street, Binjai City, Indonesia. Method: The data collection method used a questionnaire while the data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis. Result: The results of this study indicate that e-commerce influences increasing MSMEs income, capital has an effect on increasing MSMEs income, and business experience has no effect on increasing MSMEs income. Originality/ relevance: From the results of this study, it can be explained that the factors that influence the sustainability of MSMEs include the use of digital technology in the form of ecommerce and strong capital, while business experience has no impact on increasing the income of these MSMEs.

The crosstalk between gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and innate and adaptive immune system governs the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. Any interference in this tight dialogue and in the processes preserving cellular homeostasis (e.g., autophagy) may dysregulate the immune response and impair the clearance of harmful bacteria favoring the dysbiotic alteration of the microbial flora that leads to chronic inflammation. Gut dysbiosis is strongly associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, among them the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review discusses the current knowledge on IBD, from the genetic background of high-risk patients to the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, the contribution of the microbial flora, and the role of autophagy in intestinal epithelia homeostasis. Further, we illustrate the state of art regarding the targeted-nutritional approaches aimed to restore the beneficial crosstalk between an “anti-inflammatory” microbiota and the host. Analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of IBD will help identify genetic and diet-associated risk factors and thus suggest personalized strategies to prevent and manage the disease to improve quality of life with long-term maintenance of the remission phase.

Summary: Background: The advent of disease-modifying treatments (DMT) has changed natural history in 5q Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The aim of this study was to report survival and functional aspects in all the Italian type I children born since 2016. Methods: The study included all symptomatic children with type I SMA born since January 1st, 2016, when DMTs became available in Italy. All the Italian SMA referral centers provided data on survival and motor, respiratory, and nutritional status. To compare survival rate pre and post DMTs approval, we also included similar data from SMA I patients born between January 1st, 2010, and December 31st, 2015. A two-proportion z-test was conducted to compare the two cohorts. The significance level was set at p 16 h/day ventilation or tracheostomy with continuous invasive ventilation. 130 of the 199 survivors (65%) achieved independent sitting, and 175 (87.9%) did not require tube feeding. Interpretation: Our study provides a picture of the ‘new natural history’ of type I SMA, confirming the impact of the new therapies on the progression of type I with longer survival r and has better motor, respiratory and nutritional. Funding: This research was partially funded by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health.