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To date, approximately, around 100 million individuals have been forcibly displaced from their homes due to violence, persecution, or conflict (UN Refugee Agency, 2022). Due to the wide range of stressors that they face, forcibly displaced individuals (i.e., refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, and stateless persons) have been found to often have higher rates of mental illness and psychopathology (Bhugra, 2004; Patanè, 2022) as compared to nondisplaced individuals. There are a myriad of factors that have been studied, such as social support and resilience, that have been shown to be protective factors for the development of mental illness (Fazel et al., 2012). One such potential protective factor that has been understudied in forced migrants are religious and spiritual beliefs and practices. Religious and spiritual beliefs and practices can be conceptualized in many ways, such as believing in a just and loving God, involvement in religious practices and ceremonies within a community, the belief that God is a supportive partner (Pargament et al., 1997). Use of religion in order to understand psychological symptoms has been documented in samples of displaced persons (Bentley et al., 2014), and religion has also been found to greatly influence the way that many displaced persons understand and conceptualize their symptoms of psychopathology (Bentley et al., 2021). Positive religious coping involves the use of religious cognitions, beliefs, and practices in order to cope with a stressful life event. Previous research has shown that use of positive religious and spiritual practices have been associated with greater psychological well-being (Ellison & Fan, 2008), increased posttraumatic growth (Shaw et al., 2005), and lower levels of depression and anxiety (Ahrens et al., 2014; O’Brien at al., 2019). Furthermore, in a meta-analysis by Ano and Vasconcelles (2005), positive religious coping was associated with positive psychological adjustment, defined as feelings of hope, resilience, self-esteem, and other positive factors of mental health, when individuals are dealing with stressful life events. The literature summarized above confirms that the use of religion has been found to be beneficial in mitigating mental health symptoms. Similar patterns of mitigation of mental health symptoms through the use of religion have been found in samples of displaced persons (Alsubaie et al., 2021; Bentley et al., 2014). However, the use of religion does not seem to buffer against the development of psychopathology, it simply seems to moderate the relationship of symptoms (Bentley et al., 2014). Although one's faith has been found to be beneficial in mitigating mental health symptoms, another important area of study is religious and spiritual struggles and how religious struggles can further exacerbate symptoms of mental illness and psychopathology. Religious and spiritual struggles “occur when struggles occur when some aspect of religious or spiritual belief, practice or experience becomes a focus of negative thoughts or emotions, concern or conflict.” (Exline, 2013, p. 459). An example of this would be anger towards God, holding God accountable for some stressful life event, or the belief that there is supernatural evil that is causing negative outcomes in life (Exline & Rose, 2005). Religious and spiritual struggles have been associated with higher levels of depression (Abu-Raiya et al., 2015; Ahrens et al., 2014; O’Brien et al., 2019), anxiety and worry (Abu-Raiya et al., 2015; O’Brien et al., 2019), and overall negative psychological adjustment (Ano & Vasconcelles, 2005). In a meta-analysis by Bockrath and colleagues (2022), baseline religious and spiritual struggles were associated with higher levels of negative psychological adjustment such as higher levels of distress or anger and marked increases in symptoms of psychopathology such as depression and anxiety at a given timepoint. This meta-analysis also noted that religious and spiritual struggles significantly predicted negative psychological adjustment longitudinally after controlling for baseline negative psychological adjustment; however, the size of the relationship was small. Religious and spiritual practices, both positive and negative, have been shown to have a significant effect on psychological adjustment and symptomology. However, much of the research done on this topic have been from Western countries, with predominantly Christian and white samples (Ano & Vasconcelles, 2005; Bockrath et al., 2022). Furthermore, most studies do not look at whether religious and spiritual struggles vary across specific religious affiliations, nor do they focus on a sample of displaced individuals. Displaced individuals often face higher levels of stigma surrounding psychopathology (Bentley et al., 2021), and often view spiritual and religious practices as an important aspect at mitigating emotional distress (Bentley & Owens, 2008; Wolf et al., 2016). Thus, it is necessary to understand how positive religious coping and conversely, religious and spiritual struggles can work to mitigate and exacerbate mental health symptoms in displaced individuals. The current study addresses these critical gaps by examining how positive religious coping, as well as religious and spiritual struggles may be associated with symptoms of psychopathology, specifically depression, PTSD, and anxiety, over a 3-month time period. This paper will also examine if there are differential levels of religious and spiritual struggles depending on the religious identity of displaced individuals.