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The present work aimed to develop a suitable, specific, simple, precise, robust, and reproducible analytical method using RP-HPLC for simultaneous estimation of Ipratropium bromide and Mometasone furoate. The separation was carried out using mobile phase Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer (pH modified up to 3.7 by orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 50:50 % v/v at 1 ml/min flow rate and detection was carried out at 210 nm. The method was validated by determining system specificity, selectivity, suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and LOQ-LOD as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The developed method was found to be suitable for the routine quantitative analysis of Ipratropium bromide and Mometasone furoate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. It was also concluded that the developed method was accurate, precise, linear, reproducible, robust, and sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report theoretical investigation of fiber Bragg strain and pressure mapping sensor with a novel mathematical formulation. A second order differential equation has been established showing relation between spatial periodicity along length of the fiber and effective refractive index of fiber core. Solution of this equation shows that magnitude of strain or pressure may be predicted from central wavelength shift of Bragg wavelength in the returned Bragg signal.

The leak before break (LBB) concept is well known to nuclear power reactor. The problem is common to water power reactor. This is based on the premise that a detectable leak will develop before catastrophic break occurs. The main purpose of the present study is to develop tape cast MgCr2O4+35mole% TiO2 and gel cast g-Al2O3 humidity sensor for use in LBB applications at 3000C. The material capacitance varies with transient injection of water vapour adsorption. In actual plant, the sensors are placed on a steam pipe surrounded by heat insulation. The pipe unites the nuclear reactor and power generator. The analysis of humidity distribution in the annulus is calculated assuring leak rate 0.1gpm in a 30 m long tube. In this paper, analysis is done on the basis of the two types of sensor using AC frequency. Performance characteristics are observed for the LLB application.

In the present study, the humidity sensing character of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with chromium (Cr): polyester (PET) fibers (ZCPET0, ZCPET1, ZCPET2, ZCPET3, and ZCPET4) samples have been investigated. PET fibers having hydrophobic nature, low cost and low moisture regain (0.42%) and have been used in conjunction with ZnO and Cr. It was observed that sensing mechanism strongly depends on sintering temperature, composition and crystallite size. Humidity gas sensing parameters were also studied. The synthesized pellets were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and humidity gas sensor. The crystallite sizes of samples ZCPET0, ZCPET1, ZCPET2, ZCPET3 and ZC4were estimated using the Debye–Scherer equation and found to be 37.0, 40.8, 43.6, 62.0 and 65.8 nm, respectively. The crystallite size increased with increased Cr-PET doping concentration. The SEM analysis exhibited rod-shaped nanostructure of Cr-PET-doped ZnO pellets annealed at 600 °C. The value of sensitivity was found in the range of 12.9 MΩ/%RH-20.5 MΩ/%RH. Humidity gas sensing characteristics revealed low hysteresis, smaller amount of aging effect and high reproducibility by varying wt.% of Cr-PET-doped ZnO samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has estimated returns accrued from a potato variety called Kufri Pukhraj developed by ICAR-CPRI in 1998. This variety is most popular in North Indian Plains and covers about 33 % of total potato area in India. Timeseries data collated from published records have been used to assess benefits during the period 1978-2021. The economic surplus model is employed to measure benefits in a closed economy framework at all-India level. Results have shown that adoption of Kufri Pukhraj provided gross returns of Rs 1,03,585 crore during the period 1978-2021, and large benefits have gone to consumers (73 %) and remaining to producers. The average annual return was assessed as Rs 2,354 crore. The NPV from spending in potato research was observed Rs 20,073 crore, and Rs 7,975 crore at 5 % and 8 %, respectively, during the study period. The IRR from monetary benefits was 49 %, a good rate of returns. Sensitivity analyses have provided substantial returns, and IRR between 46-51 %. The study infers that spending on R&D on potato has proved financially beneficial and suggests that other major technologies (varieties/ production practices/ others) having special traits may be studied for justifying past funding and make the strong case for future funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]