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Often considered the 'birthplace of the blues', the Mississippi Delta hosts a vibrant cultural economy based on blues music and culture. As this economy relies on embodied social experiences in place, health and safety regulations issued to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus had dramatic effects on musicians, business owners, and other cultural workers. In this paper, we examine the impacts of the pandemic on the cultural economy of the Delta, focusing on the city of Clarksdale, a primary destination for blues tourism. Situating the Delta's cultural economy and the blues music at its foundations within a broader historical arc of racialized struggle, we explore disparities in impacts of the pandemic on differently positioned individuals and groups. We argue that, while racial inequities continue to structure the Delta's cultural economy, local communities' responses to the challenges of the pandemic also demonstrate intergroup solidarities. Approaching these solidarities through Monica White's conception of collective agency and community resilience, we conclude that collective responses to the challenges of the pandemic in the Delta illuminate the potential for people from relatively privileged and marginalized groups in the region to come together to resist oppression and potentially drive social and political economic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The need to educate the public about proper hand hygiene (HH) practices has gained prominence in light of the global epidemiological situation, particularly the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim of the research: To examine the patients' views of Health Care Providers' (HCPs) HH compliance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The study was conducted through a diagnostic survey and involved 192 participants. Results: According to 84.9% of respondents, HCPs' HH is significant for patients' health. This belief was held by most respondents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.018). The greater part of respondents (74.5%) believed that the observance of HH by HCPs prevents infections among patients. However, notably, during the pandemic, there was a significant increase in the proportion of respondents who associated HCPs' HH practices with professionalism (45.4% vs. 63.2%, p = 0.014). Nurses were more likely to perform hand hygiene than other HCPs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.034). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients considered HCPs to be more professional or thought that medics were much more likely to perform HH before examining a patient or performing sterile procedures. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the perception of nurses as those HCPs who perform hand hygiene more often than others. The pandemic did not change patients' beliefs about the possibility of influencing the hygiene behaviour of HCPs. In contrast, patients observed that hand hygiene was promoted more often during the pandemic than before the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic changed the routine of transplant programs, creating challenges for the continuity of treatment. Thus, this study aimed to describe the barriers kidney transplant (KT) recipients reported following treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional observational study with 88 patients. The data were collected from October to November 2021 at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF). Descriptive data analysis and a chi-square test were performed. The barriers identified were psychosocial: increased level of worry (76.2%) and fear of graft loss (36.5%). There was a change in the consultation schema for 59.1%; 63.4% reported difficulty adapting to telemedicine; and 49.8% needed family assistance to follow the treatment. Difficulties were more frequent among men (51.2%). The findings may help the multidisciplinary team in understanding where to act and creating strategies to ensure the continuity of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to assess the adequacy of state aid provided to Polish enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample encompasses 21,687 non-financial enterprises classified as large, medium, and small, accounting for 32.7% of all non-financial enterprises in Poland falling into these groups. The article develops an original method for measuring the justification and accuracy of state aid directed to enterprises in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, utilising changes in firms’ sales revenues. The conducted analyses confirmed that the level of effectiveness of support policies varied significantly across economic sectors. In the first year of the pandemic, support policies were most effective in sectors P (education), Q (healthcare and social assistance), and I (accommodation and food service activities). In the second and third years of the pandemic, sectors Q and E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities) exhibited the highest effectiveness. The analyses also led to the conclusion that sectors with lower average firm size measured by sales revenues demonstrated higher effectiveness of support policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Economics / Gospodarka Narodowa is the property of SGH Warsaw School of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text considers several critical issues related to the role of false information in the COVID-19 pandemic. It mainly focuses on social media, which often resemble echo chambers responsible for disseminating disinformation. In these echo chambers, users close themselves off from arguments and justifications different from their own, often with a strong tendency towards polarization of views and attitudes. A particular case of echo chambers is the conspiracy mentality propagated in social media, promoting conspirational beliefs about COVID-19, which, besides offering an alternative understanding of reality, deepens distrust towards epistemic authorities and methods of producing scientific knowledge. This indicates an epistemic crisis as a consequence of the pandemic, which must be addressed in order to rebuild and protect epistemic trust. The authors conclude that the consequence of this crisis is a regression of cognitive abilities, which may, in a feedback loop, exacerbate the epistemic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perspectives on Culture / Perspektywy Kultury is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cel: Przedstawienie procesów globalizacyjnych, które zaszły w Polsce w latach 2000–2022, oraz określenie wpływu pandemii COVID-19 i agresji Rosji na Ukrainę na dalszy rozwój tych procesów w Polsce. Metodyka badań: Metodologia badawcza obejmuje analizę elementów wchodzących w skład indeksu globalizacji KOF, opisujących globalizację ekonomiczną, społeczną oraz polityczną w latach 2000–2022. Wyniki badań: W latach 2000–2020 Polska była najbardziej umiędzynarodowiona w obszarze politycznym, następnie w obszarze społecznym, a najmniej w obszarze ekonomicznym. Wybuch pandemii COVID-19 oraz agresja Rosji na Ukrainę wpłynęły negatywnie na handel zagraniczny, natomiast wartość inwestycji portfelowych oraz BIZ w Polsce w tym okresie wzrosła. W obszarze globalizacji społecznej w latach 2020–2022 można było zaobserwować negatywne tendencje, takie jak znaczny spadek liczby turystów w Polsce, ograniczenie swobód obywatelskich w okresie pandemii, dalszy spadek Polski w rankingu wolności mediów oraz spadek salda migracji zagranicznych na pobyt stały. W obliczu agresji Rosji na Ukrainę wiele państw wprowadziło sankcje wobec Rosji, zatem umocniła się współpraca międzynarodowa, co może wpłynąć pozytywnie na procesy globalizacji politycznej. Wnioski: Pandemia COVID-19 oraz wojna w Ukrainie spowodowały, że w niektórych obszarach gospodarczych i społecznych nastąpiło przyspieszenie procesów globalizacyjnych, a w innych ich spowolnienie. Kierunek zmian tych procesów w kolejnych latach w Polsce będzie zależał od długości trwania konfliktu ukraińsko-rosyjskiego, co implikuje konieczność podjęcia dalszych badań w tym zakresie. Wkład w rozwój dyscypliny: Uzyskane wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu pandemii COVID-19 oraz konfliktu ukraińsko-rosyjskiego na procesy globalizacyjne, które zachodzą w Polsce, przyczyniają się do lepszego zrozumienia nowych wyzwań w obliczu kryzysu gospodarczego.

Cel: Celem artykułu była ocena sytuacji finansowej wybranych przedsiębiorstw należących do indeksu WIG-spożywczy w latach 2019–2021 z punktu widzenia zagrożenia upadłością. Metodyka badań: Do oceny potencjalnego zagrożenia upadłością analizowanych spółek posłużono się czterema modelami wielowymiarowej analizy dyskryminacyjnej (model Doroty Hadasik, model Z6 INE PAN, model Z7 INE PAN oraz tzw. model poznański). Dobór podmiotów, które stanowiły przedmiot badania, był uwarunkowany ich przynależnością do indeksu WIG-spożywczy w latach 2019–2021 we wszystkich kwartałach w analizowanym okresie. Było to podyktowane zmianami w składzie indeksu WIG-spożywczy co kwartał (kwartalna rewizja portfela indeksu). Ponadto ograniczono się do polskich przedsiębiorstw wchodzących w skład analizowanego indeksu. W artykule postawiono następujące hipotezy badawcze: wybrane modele analizy dyskryminacyjnej są skutecznym narzędziem do oceny spółek należących do indeksu WIG-spożywczy z punktu widzenia zagrożenia upadłością oraz wielowymiarowa analiza dyskryminacyjna stanowi cenne i komplementarne narzędzie wobec innych metod oceny zagrożenia upadłością przedsiębiorstw. Wyniki badań: Spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu WIG-spożywczy w latach 2019–2021 znajdowały się w bardzo dobrej sytuacji finansowej. Najgorszą sytuacją finansową, co w rezultacie wiąże się z pojawieniem się zagrożenia upadłością, odznaczały się dwa przedsiębiorstwa: ZPC Otmuchów SA oraz Pamapol SA w 2019 r. Na pogarszającą się sytuację tych spółek wskazały modele Z6 INE PAN oraz Z7 INE PAN (ZPC Otmuchów SA w 2019 r.), a także model poznański (Pamapol SA w 2019 r.), co może świadczyć o dużej wrażliwości zastosowanych modeli. Model D. Hadasik nie wskazał żadnej spółki, która mogłaby być zagrożona upadłością w analizowanym okresie. Wnioski: Istotną konkluzją wynikającą ze zrealizowanych badań jest to, że liczba zmiennych w modelach analizy dyskryminacyjnej nie jest czynnikiem przesądzającym o ich skuteczności. Bardzo zbliżone wyniki otrzymano w przypadku dwóch modeli: Z6 INE PAN oraz Z7 INE PAN. W głównej mierze jest to spowodowane znacznym podobieństwem w konstrukcji tych modeli. Żaden z wybranych modeli nie wykazał dużej wrażliwości na wykrywanie zagrożeń upadłością analizowanych podmiotów, natomiast z pewnym wyprzedzeniem zastosowane modele mogą sygnalizować potencjalne i rzeczywiste problemy spółek. Wkład w rozwój dyscypliny: Przeprowadzone badania przyczyniły się do rozwoju wiedzy w zakresie wykorzystania modeli analizy dyskryminacyjnej do oceny zagrożenia upadłością przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce.

En este artículo describimos los sentidos producidos por docentes de una escuela secundaria emplazada en el centro de la ciudad de Caleta Olivia – Santa Cruz, respecto a la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la obligatoriedad escolar durante la pandemia por covid-19. Para ello, recuperamos las relaciones que establecen entre la flexibilización de los criterios de acreditación y promoción, así como las proyecciones a futuro de les estudiantes. A partir de un diseño de investigación cualitativo, nos aproximamos a las características de la escolaridad en términos de inclusión del estudiantado, la capacidad de agencia de les sujetes y las lógicas de las sociedades de gerenciamiento (Grinberg, 2008).

Objetivo: Investigar o processo de Educação Permanente em Saúde dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Pau dos Ferros/RN para atuação na pandemia Covid-19. Métodos: O estudo teve como participantes os profissionais atuantes nas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Teve como critério de inclusão: atuar como médico, enfermeiro e/ou técnico de enfermagem nas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família na pandemia Covid19 em Pau dos Ferros/RN. Critérios de Exclusão: Estar em licença de qualquer natureza por ocasião da coleta de dados e profissional que tenha tempo de atuação na Estratégia de Saúde da Família inferior a 120 dias. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante a realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Não houve ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde disponibilizadas pela gestão. Demonstrou-se esforço voluntário dos profissionais de saúde no ajuste a infodemia que a mídia tradicional e especializada repercutia, incessantemente, sobre o SARS-CoV-2 e a Covid-19; e ainda a todo aparato de diretrizes, protocolos e recomendações emitidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, Ministério e Secretárias de Saúde. Considerações Finais: Nota-se que houve frágil direcionamento de ações, por parte da gestão local, não se mostrou presente apenas no sentido da articulação da Atenção Primária a Saúde, com os demais níveis assistenciais, o que acarretou limitação da atuação dos profissionais no enfrentamento da pandemia.

O Ensino Superior apresenta aos estudantes experiências ricas, mas também desafiadoras e as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos ingressantes neste novo nível de ensino podem se associar ao baixo rendimento acadêmico, às reprovações, aos atrasos na finalização do curso, ao adoecimento e à evasão. O ensino remoto emergencial, adotado diante da pandemia de COVID-19, trouxe novos desafios aos alunos e às instituições. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as dificuldades vivenciadas por ingressantes de uma universidade pública na transição para o Ensino Superior no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial após oito semanas de aulas. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa com 16 ingressantes, com idades entre 17 a 27 anos (M=19,8, DP= 3,34), 56% do sexo masculino e 31% se autodeclaram negros. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado pela análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram que um quarto das dificuldades vivenciadas na transição para o Ensino Superior referem-se às condições de ensino e à mediação pedagógica, além das adversidades nas condições de estudo e aprendizagem, na regulação emocional, nas interações sociais e na carreira. Os resultados revelaram que as variáveis pessoais, pedagógicas e contextuais influenciam a transição dos estudantes para o Ensino Superior. E as ações voltadas à promoção do sucesso acadêmico dos estudantes devem atentar-se para o desenvolvimento profissional docente, para a autorregulação da aprendizagem e para os serviços de apoio aos estudantes.

Resumo Este artigo pretende compreender a perspectiva de empresários de Clínicas Populares de Saúde (CPS) e representantes da classe médica sobre serviços ofertados pelo setor; impactos decorrentes da pandemia covid-19; e futuro do mercado de trabalho médico. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, da área de saúde coletiva, com enfoque nas representações sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, entre março e julho de 2021, com quatro empresários locais e três representantes de classe médica de uma cidade da região Nordeste do Brasil. As CPS ofertam serviços assistenciais restritos a consultas e exames e com estratégias de lógica financeirizada; se apresentam como “alternativa” ao SUS, uma suposta “lacuna” entre planos de saúde privados e serviços públicos, e como “novo” trabalho médico. As empresas ofertam consultas com especialistas a preços “populares” e sem fila de espera. A assistência prestada é restrita e os profissionais não têm garantia de direitos trabalhistas. Para os entrevistados, o acesso à saúde representa acessibilidade geográfica e temporal de serviço a preço reduzido. O direito universal à saúde e princípios do SUS são confrontados com a defesa da autonomia dos clientes e dos profissionais visando suas necessidades: saúde e trabalho.

El estudio analiza las estrategias de gestión de riesgo y el afrontamiento familiar y comunitario de las familias socioeconómicamente vulnerables en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo, de corte transversal y con una muestra constituida por 90 participantes provenientes de las diferentes comunas de la Provincia de Concepción, Chile. Dentro de sus principales resultados se destaca que las personas desarrollaron acciones a nivel personal y familiar, siendo huir del peligro y buscar insumos de sobrevivencia. A nivel comunitario, se visualizó escasa vinculación de estrategias desarrolladas. En cuanto a la capacidad de afrontamiento, las personas destacan que esta fue alta, logrando desplegar estrategias que les permitieron enfrentar sus dificultades en el contexto sociosanitario. Finalmente, con respecto a la calidad de vida en el contexto de pandemia, se observó que los participantes presentaron cambios en desarrollar destrezas para satisfacer sus necesidades, logrando una adaptación positiva.

El creciente uso de la digitalización en la enseñanza superior exige el uso de diversas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs). Sin embargo, los estudios han demostrado que el uso de las TICs induce al tecnoestrés y, en ocasiones a la tecnoadiccción. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue estudiar el impacto psicológico del uso de las TICs en estudiantes universitarios de población Argentina en contexto pandemia COVID-19. El diseño metodológico fue no experimental de corte transversal bajo un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de diferencia de grupos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1656 estudiantes universitarios con una edad promedio de 24.69 (DE = 6.52, Mín = 18, Máx = 66; el 78.2% eran mujeres y el 21.8% eran varones). Los resultados informaron niveles de tecnoestrés entre altos y muyaltos, predominantemente en mujeres que utilizaron el celular y la computadora para fines académicos. A su vez, se hallaron relaciones positivas y significativas entre la edad de los participantes, el tiempo de experiencia universitaria y la frecuencia enel uso de la computadora. Se obtuvieron correlaciones negativas y significativas entre la frecuencia del uso del celular y las dimensiones Fatiga, Escepticismo y Adicción. La frecuencia en el uso de la computadora para fines académicos correlacionó de forma positiva y significativa con las dimensiones Ansiedad, Fatiga, Escepticismo e Ineficacia. Se concluye que el impacto psicológico del uso de las TICs en estudiantes universitarios de población Argentina en contexto pandemia COVID-19 produjo modificaciones en la calidad de vida y en las actividades de la vida cotidiana del alumnado.

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przeprowadzenie krytycznej analizy stosowania dwóch rodzajów pomocy państwa, a mianowicie pomocy nadzwyczajnej (art. 107 ust. 2 lit. b) TFUE) oraz pomocy antykryzysowej (art. 107 ust. 3 lit. b) TFUE), które odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie wspierania przewoźników lotniczych w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Pozwoli to na porównanie obu rodzajów pomocy oraz udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o ich znaczenie i użyteczność w kontekście wspierania przewoźników lotniczych, a także szerzej innych przedsiębiorców, w trakcie zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych, takich jak COVID-19. Przesłanki każdego z tych wyłączeń zostaną omówione osobno, a rozważaniom teoretycznym będą towarzyszyć przykłady z praktyki decyzyjnej Komisji Europejskiej oraz orzecznictwa sądów unijnych. W zakresie pomocy nadzwyczajnej przeanalizowane zostaną trzy kwestie zdające się mieć szczególne znaczenie. Po pierwsze, zostanie zbadane czy pandemia COVID-19 może być uznana za zjawisko objęte zakresem zastosowania art. 107 ust. 2 lit. b) TFUE. Po drugie, zostanie przeanalizowane jakiego rodzaju szkody mogą podlegać rekompensacie na tej podstawie. Po trzecie, omówione zostaną metody ustalania wysokości należnej rekompensaty, tak by spełniała ona warunek proporcjonalności. Analiza wyłączenia dotyczącego pomocy antykryzysowej rozpocznie się od omówienia najważniejszych warunków jej dopuszczalności. Następnie szczegółowo zostanie przeanalizowana kwestia czy, oraz ewentualnie w jakich przypadkach, środek krajowy mający postać pomocy indywidualnej może zostać uznany za odpowiedni do zaradzenia poważnym zaburzeniom w gospodarce danego państwa członkowskiego. Na koniec zbadane zostaną wymogi, jakie musi spełniać dane wsparcie, by mogło zostać uznane za proporcjonalne. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoli na ukazanie najważniejszych różnic oraz podobieństw między pomocą nadzwyczajną oraz pomocą antykryzysową. Zaprezentowane zostaną w szczególności odmienne cele, jakim te dwa rodzaje pomocy służą. Wykazane zostanie, że pomoce zarówno pomoc nadzwyczajna, jak i antykryzysowa pełnią ważną funkcję w procesie wychodzenia z trwającego obecnie kryzysu, a przyznawane w ich ramach środki wzajemnie się uzupełniają. Omówione wyłączenia od ogólnego zakazu udzielania pomocy państwa zapewniają zatem niezbędną elastyczność unijnego systemu pomocy państwa, umożliwiając państwom członkowskim dostosowywanie prowadzonej polityki gospodarczej do występujących czasami poważnych zaburzeń lub kryzysów.

W artykule poruszono kwestie dotyczące wieloaspektowości skutków pandemii COVID-19 obserwowanych w Polsce, rozpatrywanych w perspektywie koncepcji biegu życia. Celem analiz było przede wszystkim uchwycenie różnorodności doświadczenia pandemii, a zwłaszcza jej wpływu na losy, dążenia, a także postawy osób będących w różnych fazach życia: młodych dorosłych, którzy osiągnęli już samodzielność, rodziców mieszkających ze swoimi dziećmi oraz seniorów. W tym świetle kluczowe było ustalenie, w jaki sposób okres pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce, przypadający na lata 2020–2022, powszechne zagrożenie związane z nową chorobą, ale też samo podjęcie szeroko rozumianych indywidualnych i zbiorowych działań mających na celu ochronę przed zakażeniem, wywarły wpływ na podejmowane przez ludzi decyzje, postrzeganie własnej sytuacji (ale też sytuacji innych), dokonywane wybory i sposób reagowania na otaczającą rzeczywistość. Kluczowe w tym kontekście są podobieństwa i różnice reakcji osób znajdujących się na różnych etapach życia na otaczającą ich rzeczywistość. Podstawą empiryczną zaprezentowanych analiz i wniosków stały się dane i materiały zgromadzone głównie w ramach realizacji projektu pt. „Społeczne skutki pandemii. Wybrane kategorie społeczno-demograficzne w perspektywie stylów życia – badanie podłużne”, przeprowadzonego w 2022 r. przez badaczy z IFiS PAN. Wywiady przeprowadzone w 2022 r. były ostatnim powrotem do tych samych rozmówców, z którymi rozmawiano w 2020 i 2021 roku.

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This article analyzes the differences in unemployment between immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean and the US population - whites and African Americans - between 2019 and 2021. Descriptive statistics are observed and probability models are adjusted to identify unemployment-related aspects. We found that, although differences in the probability of being unemployed during the pandemic were associated with the population's education levels, the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sex played a central role in the disparities found. We found that for black men and women, the probability of being unemployed increased during the pandemic. Non-white Latin American immigrants were more likely to be unemployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to understand how educational institutions considered inclusive educational strategies for deaf students during remote teaching, given the social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding methodological procedures, it was carried out through a systematic review of the literature, with a qualitative approach. The results showed that schools adopted emergency measures to ensure that both students with disabilities – in this case, deafness – and students without disabilities had their rights respected and that their studies could continue, employing strategies to guarantee inclusion and accessibility for all. It was concluded that, for assistive technologies to be effective, it is crucial to invest in teacher training and ensure that they have access to the resources they need, truly implementing inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Multiple studies worldwide have shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increased risk of depression and anxiety in women during the perinatal period. This study aimed to assess the severity of this phenomenon in the Polish population, and to investigate the potential risk factors and their relationship with COVID-19 related anxiety and labour anxiety. Materials and methods: Between February and November 2021, 122 women in the perinatal period were recruited to complete three sets of surveys: two during pregnancy and one during puerperium. The questionnaires used to evaluate the anxiety and depressive symptoms included Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Labour Anxiety Questionnaire and COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Anxiety Questionnaire. Results: It was shown that 26.2% of participants had symptoms indicating at least mild depression, and 61.4% of participants had increased labour anxiety. Women with a documented history of COVID-19 infection had significantly higher level of labour anxiety, whereas the severity of depression was not higher in their case. A positive correlation between COVID-19 related anxiety score and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score was found. The main concern associated with COVID-19 was the anxiety about the separation from the new-born baby, which was even higher than the fear of potential harm to the new-born resulting from COVID-19. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the percentage of women with perinatal depression during COVID-19 pandemic may have been higher than previously reported and it may be vital to improve perinatal screening of depression in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on the problems faced by urban dwellers in terms of the habitability conditions of their homes facing the covid-19 pandemic. To this end, the link that urban habitability problems have had with health is highlighted from a historical perspective and, based on a categorization of urban habitability conditions traditionally described by the literature, a weighting of them is formulated considering the circumstances that currently challenge them. The specific case study is the Metropolitan Area of Toluca (zmt), Mexico. In analysis of the results habitability problems stand out, among which even homes, households and social groups that had not previously presented problems of this type have been affected. Finally, the study concludes with a repositioning of the habitability conditions -housing and urban- and a discussion of the limits of housing that force us to look towards the city and its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is aimed to analyze, from a human rights-based approach, the experiences of persons in precarious human mobility facing the Argentina’s border closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. How was the experience of arriving, leaving and in general, transiting with formally closed borders? Based on literature and public documents reviewing and interviews to key-informants, this contribution gives account of the initial waiting at borders and both of the difficulties and strategies to enter and transit, even in a regular manner, to thus assesses the experience from the State’s obligations arising from the human right to migrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks critically at Celia de Fréine’s Léaslíne a Lorg / In Search of a Horizon (2022), a poetry collection entirely devoted to the lockdown experienced during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by an Irish woman – easily identified with the poet herself – from her house in Dublin. In the 18 poems that make up the collection, published in bilingual format (English and Irish), de Fréine addresses issues as relevant as the supposed objectivity of the scientific discourse around the virus, the human-nonhuman connection, environmental damage and the historical links of the COVID-19 pandemic with previous health crises lived through in Ireland, specifically the Hepatitis C Scandal. My analysis will close-read the poems, adopting both a national and a transnational perspective. The ultimate aim of this essay is to look at the virus in its socio-cultural dimension in order to complement the biomedical narratives around it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim. This study aimed to trace changes in the participation of Polish gamblers in online and offline (land-based) gambling caused by the temporary restrictions on access to land-based gambling venues imposed during the first national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. Data from 585 respondents were collected using an online questionnaire. Those who declared they had engaged in land-based gambling before 15 March 2020 were included in the sample. Respondents were asked about their online and offline gambling participation in the period before the first lockdown (before March 2020), during the first lockdown (15 March to 10 May 2020), and six months after the end of the lockdown. The analyses also considered the severity of the participants' gambling disorder symptoms measured with the CPGI and the reasons for reducing or increasing gambling involvement. Results. The land-based gamblers most often maintained their gambling activity at the same level or reduced it during the lockdown (nearly 95% of gamblers). Motivations for less gambling included financial constraints and limited access to gambling. Increased offline gambling was explained by more free time, the need to relieve stress and to want to win money. Of the 394 people who had gambled only offline before the pandemic, 30 began to gamble online during the pandemic. The initiation of online gambling and increased online or offline gambling during the coronavirus outbreak was associated with greater severity of gambling disorder symptoms. Conclusions. In our sample, participation in gambling increased only marginally during the pandemic, and the increase was related to problematic gambling patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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