Search

Your search keyword '"Panda SK"' showing total 595 results
Start Over Author "Panda SK"
595 results on '"Panda SK"'

4. Carbon nanotube synthesis from propane decomposition on a pre-treated Ni overlayer

Author

Sengupta, J, Panda, SK, and Jacob, C

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was performed by atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) of propane on Si(111) with a pre-treated Ni overlayer acting as a catalyst. Prior to the growth of CNTs, a thin film of Ni was deposited on Si(111) substrate by evaporation and heat treated at 900{\deg}C. The growth of nanotubes was carried out at 850{\deg}C using propane as a source of carbon. Distribution of the catalyst particles over the Si substrate was analysed before and after heat treatment by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the grown material revealed that they are graphitic in nature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the growth process and it was found that a catalytic particle was always situated at the tip of the tube thus implying a tip growth mechanism. Evidence for the presence of radial breathing mode from multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) in the grown sample was obtained from micro-Raman analysis. Finally, high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) analysis confirmed that the graphene layers of the CNTs are well ordered with typical 0.34 nm spacing., Comment: Carbon nanotube, Chemical Vapor Deposition, X Ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Electron Microscopy

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Dirac nodal lines and flat-band surface state in the functional oxide RuO2

Author

Jovic, V, Koch, RJ, Panda, SK, Berger, H, Bugnon, P, Magrez, A, Smith, KE, Biermann, S, Jozwiak, C, Bostwick, A, Rotenberg, E, and Moser, S

Abstract

The efficiency and stability of RuO2 in electrocatalysis has made this material a subject of intense fundamental and industrial interest. The surface functionality is rooted in its electronic and magnetic properties, determined by a complex interplay of lattice-, spin-rotational, and time-reversal symmetries, as well as the competition between Coulomb and kinetic energies. This interplay was predicted to produce a network of Dirac nodal lines (DNLs), where the valence and conduction bands touch along continuous lines in momentum space. Here we uncover direct evidence for three DNLs in RuO2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. These DNLs give rise to a flat-band surface state that is readily tuned by the electrostatic environment, and that presents an intriguing platform for exotic correlation phenomena. Our findings support high spin-Hall conductivities and bulk magnetism in RuO2, and are likely related to its catalytic properties.

Published
2018

6. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Moradi, Y, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Abouzid, M, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Moraga, P, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Aboye, GB, Bhat, AN, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Morawska, L, Bhatti, R, Bhuiyan, MA, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Abreu, LG, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Biswas, RK, Moreira, RS, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boakye, H, Bockarie, MJ, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Abualruz, H, Bogale, EK, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Morovatdar, N, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Boppana, SH, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Abubakar, B, Bourne, R, Boxe, C, Morrison, SD, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brar, A, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Brown, CS, Morze, J, Browne, AJ, Brunoni, AR, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Mosaddeghi Heris, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cagney, J, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Mossialos, E, Aburuz, S, Cao, C, Cao, F, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Motappa, R, Carvalho, F, Abu-Zaid, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Alemayohu, MA, Ali, BA, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Adane, MM, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chakraborty, S, Mougin, V, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandan, JS, Addo, IY, Chandika, RM, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Mousavi, P, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Addolorato, G, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Msherghi, A, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Adedoyin, RA, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Mubarik, S, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cioffi, I, Cogen, RM, Adekanmbi, V, Cohen, AJ, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Muccioli, L, Corlateanu, A, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Cruz, JA, Aden, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, GT, Mueller, UO, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Daikwo, PU, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Adetunji, JB, D'Anna, L, Mulita, F, Darwesh, AM, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, DV, De la Hoz, FP, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Mullany, EC, de la Torre-Luque, A, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Delgado-Saborit, JM, Demoze, CK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Munjal, K, Adha, R, Dervišević, E, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhimal, ML, Marx, W, Murillo-Zamora, E, Dhimal, M, Adibi, A, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dhungana, RR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Ding, DD, Dinu, M, Adnani, QES, Djalalinia, S, Do, TC, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Ali, I, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Adzigbli, LA, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Murlimanju, BV, Dsouza, AC, Dsouza, HL, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Afolabi, AA, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Dushpanova, A, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Musina, A-M, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Afolabi, RF, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, F, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Eini, E, Mustafa, G, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Dahiyat, F, Elemam, NM, Afshin, A, Elgar, FJ, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Muthu, S, Elhadi, M, Elmehrath, AO, Elmeligy, OAA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Esfandiari, N, Afyouni, S, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Muthupandian, S, Esmaeili, SV, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fagbule, OF, Fahimi, S, Falzone, L, Afzal, MS, Fareed, M, Muthusamy, R, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasina, FO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Fazylov, T, Feigin, VL, Afzal, S, Muzaffar, M, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrara, P, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Maryam, S, Myung, W, Agampodi, SB, Fitriana, I, Flavel, J, Flohr, C, Flood, D, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Force, LM, Fortuna, D, Nafei, A, Foschi, M, Agbozo, F, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, SD, Fux, B, G, S, Gaal, PA, Gaihre, S, Gajdács, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Galali, Y, Gallus, S, Aghamiri, S, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia, V, Gardner, WM, Garg, RK, Gautam, RK, Ali, L, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Agodi, A, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremeskel, TG, Gerema, U, Getacher, L, Getahun, GKA, Getie, M, Nagaraju, SP, Ghadirian, F, Ghafarian, S, Ghaffari Jolfayi, A, Ghailan, KY, Agrawal, A, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Nagel, G, Ghazy, RM, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Agyemang-Duah, W, Gil, AU, Gil, GF, Gilbertson, NM, Gill, PS, Naghavi, M, Gill, TK, Gindaba, EZ, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Ahinkorah, BO, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Naghavi, P, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Ahmad, A, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Naik, GR, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Ahmad, D, Gulati, S, Naik, G, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, RD, Ahmad, F, Mathangasinghe, Y, Nainu, F, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hadaro, TS, Hadian, Z, Haep, N, Haghi-Aminjan, H, Nair, TS, Ahmad, N, Haghmorad, D, Hagins, H, Haile, D, Hailu, A, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, ES, Halimi, A, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Najdaghi, S, Halwani, R, Ahmad, S, Hamadeh, RR, Hamdy, NM, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hammoud, A, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Haq, ZA, Nakhostin Ansari, N, Haque, MR, Harapan, H, Ahmad, T, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MJ, Hasan, SMM, Hasani, H, Ali, MU, Hasanian, M, Hashmeh, N, Hasnain, MS, Ahmed, A, Hassan, A, Hassan, I, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, MS, Hassani, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Nanavaty, DP, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Hegena, TY, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Helfer, B, Nangia, V, Hemmati, M, Henson, CA, Herbert, ME, Herteliu, C, Heuer, A, Hezam, K, Hinneh, TK, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Narasimha Swamy, S, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hoque, ME, Horita, N, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SE, Ahmed, LA, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Narimani Davani, D, Hostiuc, S, Hoven, H, Hsairi, M, Hsu, JM, Hu, C, Huang, J, Huda, MN, Ahmed, MB, Hulland, EN, Hultström, M, Nascimento, BR, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, NR, Huynh, CK, Huynh, H-H, Ibitoye, SE, Idowu, OO, Ihler, AL, Ahmed, S, Ikeda, N, Mathioudakis, AG, Nascimento, GG, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, LR, Irham, LM, Isa, MA, Ahmed, SA, Nashwan, AJ, Islam, MR, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iwu-Jaja, CJ, J, V, Jaafari, J, Natto, ZS, Ajami, M, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Nauman, J, Jaiswal, A, Akalu, GT, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamora, RDG, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jeganathan, J, Navaratna, SNK, Jeswani, BM, Jiang, H, Akara, EM, Johnson, CO, Jokar, M, Jomehzadeh, N, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Ali, R, Joshi, V, Joshua, CE, Jozwiak, JJ, Akbarialiabad, H, Jürisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kahn, EM, Naveed, M, Kalani, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, R, Akhlaghi, S, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Nayak, BP, Kansal, SK, Kapner, DJ, Kapoor, N, Karagiannidis, E, Karajizadeh, M, Akinosoglou, K, Karakasis, P, Karanth, SD, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Nayak, VC, Karim, A, Karimi, H, Karmakar, S, Kashoo, FZ, Kasraei, H, Kassahun, WD, Akinyemiju, T, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Katikireddi, SV, Ndejjo, R, Kauppila, JH, Kawakami, N, Kaydi, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Akkaif, MA, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Matozinhos, FP, Nduaguba, SO, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalil, M, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Akkala, S, Khan, A, Negash, H, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khatib, MN, Akombi-Inyang, B, Negoi, I, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosla, AA, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khreis, H, Khusun, H, Negoi, RI, Al Awaidy, S, Kifle, ZD, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knibbs, LD, Knudsen, AKS, Nejadghaderi, SA, Koh, DSQ, Al Hasan, SM, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Kong, J, Koren, G, Korja, M, Korshunov, VA, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Nejjari, C, Kothari, N, Koul, PA, Alahdab, F, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krishnan, B, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Ali, SSS, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, AL-Ahdal, TMA, Kugbey, N, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, N, Nematollahi, MH, Kumar, V, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Alalalmeh, SO, Kusuma, D, Kutluk, T, La Vecchia, C, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Nepal, S, Lahariya, C, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Alalwan, TA, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Neupane, S, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Al-Aly, Z, Lauriola, P, Le, H-H, Le, LKD, Mattumpuram, J, Ng, M, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Leasher, JL, Ledda, C, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Alam, K, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Nguefack-Tsague, G, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Lescinsky, H, Leung, J, Li, M-C, Li, W-Z, Alam, N, Li, W, Ngunjiri, JW, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lin, R-T, Lin, S, Liu, C, Liu, G, Alanezi, FM, Nguyen, DH, Liu, J, Liu, RT, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Livingstone, KM, Llanaj, E, Lohiya, A, Nguyen, NNY, Alanzi, TM, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Luo, L, lv, H, Nguyen, PT, M Amin, HI, Albakri, A, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Mabrok, M, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Mafhoumi, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghazachi, AA, Mahadeshwara Prasad, DR, Maharaj, SB, AlBataineh, MT, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makram, OM, Makris, KC, Malasala, S, Maled, V, Ali, W, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Aldhaleei, WA, Malinga, LA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manda, AL, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Nguyen, VT, Mansouri, B, Mansouri, P, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Aldridge, RW, Mantovani, LG, Manu, E, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marsh, E, Nguyen Tran Minh, D, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Maugeri, A, Niazi, RK, Nicholson, SI, Nie, J, Nikoobar, A, Nikpoor, AR, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Noman, EA, Alicandro, G, Nomura, S, Maulik, PK, Noroozi, N, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nri-Ezedi, CA, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nunemo, MH, Nurrika, D, Nutor, JJ, Alif, SM, Mayeli, M, Oancea, B, O'Connell, EM, Odetokun, IA, O'Donnell, MJ, Oduro, MS, Ogunfowokan, AA, Ogunkoya, A, Oh, I-H, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, SR, Mazidi, M, Aljunid, SM, Okekunle, AP, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olasupo, OO, Olatubi, MI, Oliveira, AB, Oliveira, GMM, Olorukooba, AA, Olufadewa, II, Alemu, YM, Olusanya, BO, Alla, F, Olusanya, JO, Oluwafemi, YD, Omar, HA, Omar Bali, A, Omer, GL, Ong, KL, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Mazzotti, A, Onyedibe, KI, Oppong, AF, Abd ElHafeez, S, Al-Marwani, S, Ordak, M, Orish, VN, Ornello, R, Orpana, HM, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Prado, E, McGrath, JJ, Osman, WMS, Ostroff, SM, Osuagwu, UL, Otoiu, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Ouyahia, A, Owolabi, MO, Oyeyemi, IT, McKee, M, Oyeyemi, OT, P A, MP, Pacheco-Barrios, K, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Almustanyir, S, Pal, PK, Palicz, T, Pan, F, Pan, H-F, McKowen, ALW, Pana, A, Panda, SK, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Alomari, MA, Pantazopoulos, I, Pantea Stoian, AM, Papadopoulou, P, McLaughlin, SA, Parent, MC, Parija, PP, Parikh, RR, Park, S, Parsons, N, Pashaei, A, Alonso, J, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, McPhail, MA, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, VS, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peden, AE, Pedersini, P, Alqahtani, JS, Peng, M, McPhail, SM, Pensato, U, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Peprah, P, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Perna, S, Pesudovs, K, Alqutaibi, AY, Mechili, EA, Petcu, I-R, Petermann-Rocha, FE, Pham, HT, Philip, AK, Phillips, MR, Pickering, BV, Pierannunzio, D, Pigeolet, M, Pigott, DM, Piracha, ZZ, Mehmood, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Piradov, MA, Pisoni, E, Piyasena, MP, Plass, D, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polkinghorne, KR, Poluru, R, Pond, CD, Mehmood, K, Popovic, DS, Alrawashdeh, A, Porru, F, Postma, MJ, Poudel, GR, Pour-Rashidi, A, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prabhu, D, Prada, SI, Al-Fatly, B, Pradhan, J, Pradhan, PMS, Al-Rifai, RH, Prasad, M, Prates, EJS, Purnobasuki, H, Purohit, BM, Puvvula, J, Qasim, NH, Qattea, I, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Qazi, AS, Qian, G, Qiu, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Alrousan, SM, Rabiee Rad, M, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, RA, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi Shahraki, H, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Rafferty, Q, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Raghav, PR, Raheem, N, Al-Sabah, SK, Rahim, F, Rahim, MJ, Rahimifard, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Meier, T, Rahman, MO, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, B, Rahmanian, M, Rahmanian, N, Alshahrani, NZ, Rahmanian, V, Rahmati, M, Rahmawaty, S, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Raimondo, D, Rajaa, S, Rajendran, V, Rajput, P, Ramadan, MM, Ramasamy, SK, Ramasubramani, P, Altaany, Z, Ramazanu, S, Ramteke, PW, Mekene Meto, T, Rana, J, Rana, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rane, A, Rani, U, Ranta, A, Rao, CR, Rao, M, Altaf, A, Rao, PC, Mekonnen, BD, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rashedi, S, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rasouli-Saravani, A, Ratan, ZA, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Menezes, RG, Rauniyar, SK, Rautalin, I, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Reda, ZFF, Reddy, MMRK, Redwan, EMM, Reifels, L, Mengist, B, Altirkawi, KA, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Restaino, S, Reyes, LF, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Mensah, GA, Rezaeian, M, Aluh, DO, Rhee, TG, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, ALP, Rickard, J, Robinson-Oden, HE, Rodrigues, CF, Rodrigues, M, Rodriguez, JAB, Mensah, LG, Roever, L, Romadlon, DS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ronfani, L, Rosauer, JJ, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rotimi, K, Rout, HS, Roy, B, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Roy, N, Rubagotti, E, Ruela, GDA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Rumisha, SF, Runghien, T, Russo, M, Ruzzante, SW, S N, C, Saad, AMA, Mentis, A-FA, Saber, K, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Abdi, P, Alwafi, H, Sachdev, PS, Sachdeva, R, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Meo, SA, Sadee, BA, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi Majd, E, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Al-Wardat, MS, Safari, M, Safi, S, Safi, SZ, Meretoja, A, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saheb Sharif-Askari, F, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Al-Worafi, YM, Saif, Z, Sajid, MR, Meretoja, TJ, Sakshaug, JW, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salami, AA, Salaroli, LB, Salehi, L, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Aly, H, Salem, MZY, Mersha, AM, Salihu, D, Salimi, S, Salum, GA, Samadi Kafil, H, Samadzadeh, S, Samodra, YL, Samuel, VP, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Aly, S, Mesfin, BA, Sanjeev, RK, Sanna, F, Santomauro, DF, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarasmita, MA, Saraswathy, SYI, Saravanan, A, Saravi, B, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Mestrovic, T, Alzoubi, KH, Sarode, GS, Sarode, SC, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Sayeed, A, Mettananda, KCD, Sayeed, MA, Al-Zyoud, W, Sayyah, M, Schinckus, C, Schmidt, MI, Schuermans, A, Schumacher, AE, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Mettananda, S, Schwendicke, F, Selvaraj, S, Amaechi, UA, Semreen, MH, Senthilkumaran, S, Serban, D, Serre, ML, Sethi, Y, Shafie, M, Shah, H, Miazgowski, T, Shah, NS, Shah, PA, Shah, SM, Aman Mohammadi, M, Shahbandi, A, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, S, Shahid, W, Shahsavari, HR, Shahwan, MJ, Al-Habbal, K, Shaikh, MA, Shaikh, SZ, Shalash, AS, Sham, S, Amani, R, Shamim, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, MA, Shanawaz, M, Micha, G, Shankar, A, Sharfaei, S, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, M, Abdollahi, M, Amiri, S, Sharma, U, Sharma, V, Shastry, RP, Michalek, IM, Shavandi, A, Shehabeldine, AME, Shehzadi, S, Sheikh, A, Shen, J, Shetty, A, Shetty, BSK, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Shetty, PH, Shiani, A, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, AC, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shiri, R, Shittu, A, Shiue, I, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Ammirati, E, Shool, S, Miller, TR, Shorofi, SA, Shrestha, R, Shrestha, S, Shuja, KH, Shuval, K, Si, Y, Siddig, EE, Silva, DAS, Silva, LMLR, Amu, H, Mirarefin, M, Silva, S, Silva, TPR, Simpson, CR, Singh, A, Singh, BB, Singh, B, Singh, G, Singh, H, Singh, JA, Singh, M, Mirghafourvand, M, Amugsi, DA, Singh, NP, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sinto, R, Sivakumar, S, Siwal, SS, Skhvitaridze, N, Skou, ST, Sleet, DA, Mirica, A, Sobia, F, Amusa, GA, Soboka, M, Socea, B, Solaimanian, S, Solanki, R, Solanki, S, Soliman, SSM, Somayaji, R, Song, Y, Mirijello, A, Sorensen, RJD, Soriano, JB, Ancuceanu, R, Soyiri, IN, Spartalis, M, Spearman, S, Spencer, CN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stachteas, P, Stafford, LK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Stanaway, JD, Stanikzai, MH, Stein, C, Anderlini, D, Stein, DJ, Steinbeis, F, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Steiropoulos, P, Stockfelt, L, Mirshahi, A, Stokes, MA, Straif, K, Stranges, S, Subedi, N, Anderson, JA, Subramaniyan, V, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sundström, J, Sunkersing, D, Alhabib, KF, Sunnerhagen, KS, Suresh, V, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Szeto, MD, Andrade, PP, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Mirzaei, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabche, C, Tabish, M, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Abdoun, M, Andrei, CL, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taherkhani, A, Mishra, AK, Taiba, J, Takahashi, K, Talaat, IM, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tang, H, Tat, NY, Taveira, N, Andrei, T, Tefera, YM, Mishra, V, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, M-H, Teramoto, M, Terefa, DR, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Thakur, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Anenberg, SC, Mitchell, PB, Thapar, R, Thayakaran, R, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thomas, NK, Tian, J, Tichopad, A, Ticoalu, JHV, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Mithra, P, Angappan, D, Tolani, MA, Tolossa, T, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Trabelsi, K, Tran, JT, Mittal, C, Tran, MTN, Angus, C, Tran, NM, Trico, D, Trihandini, I, Troeger, CE, Tromans, SJ, Truyen, TTTT, Tsatsakis, A, Tsermpini, EE, Moazen, B, Tumurkhuu, M, Udoakang, AJ, Anil, A, Udoh, A, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Umair, M, Umakanthan, S, Unim, B, Moberg, ME, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Urso, D, Anil, S, Usman, JS, Vaithinathan, AG, Vakili, O, Valenti, M, Valizadeh, R, Van den Eynde, J, Mocciaro, G, van Donkelaar, A, Varga, O, Vart, P, Varthya, SB, Anjum, A, Vasankari, TJ, Vasic, M, Vaziri, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verghese, NA, Mohamadkhani, A, Verma, M, Veroux, M, Verras, G-I, Vervoort, D, Villafañe, JH, Anoushiravani, A, Villalobos-Daniel, VE, Villani, L, Villanueva, GI, Vinayak, M, Alhassan, RK, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vollset, SE, Volovat, SR, Vos, T, Antonazzo, IC, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, C, Mohamed, AZ, Wang, F, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wanjau, MN, Waqas, M, Ward, P, Abdulah, DM, Antony, CM, Waris, A, Mohamed, AI, Wassie, EG, Weerakoon, KG, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Weiss, EJ, Weldetinsaa, HLL, Wells, KM, Wen, YF, Wiangkham, T, Antriyandarti, E, Mohamed, J, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wilson, S, Wong, YJ, Wongsin, U, Wozniak, S, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, F, Mohamed, MFH, Anuoluwa, BS, Wu, Z, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadav, MK, Yaghoubi, S, Yamagishi, K, Mohamed, NS, Yang, L, Anvari, D, Yano, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Yasufuku, Y, Ye, P, Yesodharan, R, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yi, S, Mohammadi, E, Yiğit, A, Yigzaw, ZA, Anvari, S, Yin, D, Yip, P, Yismaw, MB, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Mohammadi, S, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Anwar, S, Zadey, S, Zadnik, V, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zakzuk, J, Zamagni, G, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Zaman, SB, Zandieh, GGZ, Zanghì, A, Zar, HJ, Anwar, SL, Zare, I, Zarimeidani, F, Zastrozhin, MS, Zeng, Y, Zhai, C, Mohammadifard, N, Zhang, AL, Zhang, H, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, Y, Anwer, R, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, H, Zhao, JT, Mohammed, H, Zhao, X-JG, Zhao, Y, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Anyabolo, EE, Zhou, S, Zhu, B, Zhu, L, Ali, A, Zhu, Z, Ziaeian, B, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoghi, G, Zoller, T, Anyasodor, AE, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Mohammed, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Abdullahi, A, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arafat, M, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Mohammed, S, Aremu, A, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Abebe, M, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Artanti, KD, Aruleba, IT, Arumugam, A, Asbeutah, AM, Asgary, S, Asgedom, AA, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Abedi, A, Ashraf, T, Askarinejad, A, Assmus, M, Astell-Burt, T, Mokdad, AH, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awoke, AA, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Monasta, L, Ayatollahi, H, Ayestas Portugal, C, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azhar, GS, Azizi, H, Abegaz, TM, Azzam, AY, Backhaus, IL, Mondello, S, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Bagga, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bai, R, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Baig, AA, Moni, MA, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, PC, Banke-Thomas, A, Abiodun, O, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Bansal, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Moore, CE, Abiso, TL, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Batchu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Moradi, M, Baune, BT, Aboagye, RG, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, A, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Abolhassani, H, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, Bennitt, FB, Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Moradi, Y, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Abouzid, M, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Moraga, P, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Aboye, GB, Bhat, AN, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Morawska, L, Bhatti, R, Bhuiyan, MA, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Abreu, LG, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Biswas, RK, Moreira, RS, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boakye, H, Bockarie, MJ, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Abualruz, H, Bogale, EK, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Morovatdar, N, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Boppana, SH, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Abubakar, B, Bourne, R, Boxe, C, Morrison, SD, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brar, A, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Brown, CS, Morze, J, Browne, AJ, Brunoni, AR, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Mosaddeghi Heris, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cagney, J, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Mossialos, E, Aburuz, S, Cao, C, Cao, F, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Motappa, R, Carvalho, F, Abu-Zaid, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Alemayohu, MA, Ali, BA, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Adane, MM, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chakraborty, S, Mougin, V, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandan, JS, Addo, IY, Chandika, RM, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Mousavi, P, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Addolorato, G, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Msherghi, A, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Adedoyin, RA, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Mubarik, S, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cioffi, I, Cogen, RM, Adekanmbi, V, Cohen, AJ, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Muccioli, L, Corlateanu, A, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Cruz, JA, Aden, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, GT, Mueller, UO, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Daikwo, PU, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Adetunji, JB, D'Anna, L, Mulita, F, Darwesh, AM, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, DV, De la Hoz, FP, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Mullany, EC, de la Torre-Luque, A, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Delgado-Saborit, JM, Demoze, CK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Munjal, K, Adha, R, Dervišević, E, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhimal, ML, Marx, W, Murillo-Zamora, E, Dhimal, M, Adibi, A, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dhungana, RR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Ding, DD, Dinu, M, Adnani, QES, Djalalinia, S, Do, TC, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Ali, I, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Adzigbli, LA, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Murlimanju, BV, Dsouza, AC, Dsouza, HL, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Afolabi, AA, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Dushpanova, A, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Musina, A-M, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Afolabi, RF, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, F, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Eini, E, Mustafa, G, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Dahiyat, F, Elemam, NM, Afshin, A, Elgar, FJ, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Muthu, S, Elhadi, M, Elmehrath, AO, Elmeligy, OAA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Esfandiari, N, Afyouni, S, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Muthupandian, S, Esmaeili, SV, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fagbule, OF, Fahimi, S, Falzone, L, Afzal, MS, Fareed, M, Muthusamy, R, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasina, FO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Fazylov, T, Feigin, VL, Afzal, S, Muzaffar, M, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrara, P, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Maryam, S, Myung, W, Agampodi, SB, Fitriana, I, Flavel, J, Flohr, C, Flood, D, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Force, LM, Fortuna, D, Nafei, A, Foschi, M, Agbozo, F, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, SD, Fux, B, G, S, Gaal, PA, Gaihre, S, Gajdács, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Galali, Y, Gallus, S, Aghamiri, S, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia, V, Gardner, WM, Garg, RK, Gautam, RK, Ali, L, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Agodi, A, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremeskel, TG, Gerema, U, Getacher, L, Getahun, GKA, Getie, M, Nagaraju, SP, Ghadirian, F, Ghafarian, S, Ghaffari Jolfayi, A, Ghailan, KY, Agrawal, A, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Nagel, G, Ghazy, RM, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Agyemang-Duah, W, Gil, AU, Gil, GF, Gilbertson, NM, Gill, PS, Naghavi, M, Gill, TK, Gindaba, EZ, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Ahinkorah, BO, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Naghavi, P, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Ahmad, A, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Naik, GR, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Ahmad, D, Gulati, S, Naik, G, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, RD, Ahmad, F, Mathangasinghe, Y, Nainu, F, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hadaro, TS, Hadian, Z, Haep, N, Haghi-Aminjan, H, Nair, TS, Ahmad, N, Haghmorad, D, Hagins, H, Haile, D, Hailu, A, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, ES, Halimi, A, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Najdaghi, S, Halwani, R, Ahmad, S, Hamadeh, RR, Hamdy, NM, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hammoud, A, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Haq, ZA, Nakhostin Ansari, N, Haque, MR, Harapan, H, Ahmad, T, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MJ, Hasan, SMM, Hasani, H, Ali, MU, Hasanian, M, Hashmeh, N, Hasnain, MS, Ahmed, A, Hassan, A, Hassan, I, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, MS, Hassani, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Nanavaty, DP, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Hegena, TY, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Helfer, B, Nangia, V, Hemmati, M, Henson, CA, Herbert, ME, Herteliu, C, Heuer, A, Hezam, K, Hinneh, TK, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Narasimha Swamy, S, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hoque, ME, Horita, N, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SE, Ahmed, LA, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Narimani Davani, D, Hostiuc, S, Hoven, H, Hsairi, M, Hsu, JM, Hu, C, Huang, J, Huda, MN, Ahmed, MB, Hulland, EN, Hultström, M, Nascimento, BR, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, NR, Huynh, CK, Huynh, H-H, Ibitoye, SE, Idowu, OO, Ihler, AL, Ahmed, S, Ikeda, N, Mathioudakis, AG, Nascimento, GG, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, LR, Irham, LM, Isa, MA, Ahmed, SA, Nashwan, AJ, Islam, MR, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iwu-Jaja, CJ, J, V, Jaafari, J, Natto, ZS, Ajami, M, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Nauman, J, Jaiswal, A, Akalu, GT, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamora, RDG, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jeganathan, J, Navaratna, SNK, Jeswani, BM, Jiang, H, Akara, EM, Johnson, CO, Jokar, M, Jomehzadeh, N, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Ali, R, Joshi, V, Joshua, CE, Jozwiak, JJ, Akbarialiabad, H, Jürisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kahn, EM, Naveed, M, Kalani, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, R, Akhlaghi, S, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Nayak, BP, Kansal, SK, Kapner, DJ, Kapoor, N, Karagiannidis, E, Karajizadeh, M, Akinosoglou, K, Karakasis, P, Karanth, SD, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Nayak, VC, Karim, A, Karimi, H, Karmakar, S, Kashoo, FZ, Kasraei, H, Kassahun, WD, Akinyemiju, T, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Katikireddi, SV, Ndejjo, R, Kauppila, JH, Kawakami, N, Kaydi, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Akkaif, MA, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Matozinhos, FP, Nduaguba, SO, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalil, M, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Akkala, S, Khan, A, Negash, H, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khatib, MN, Akombi-Inyang, B, Negoi, I, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosla, AA, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khreis, H, Khusun, H, Negoi, RI, Al Awaidy, S, Kifle, ZD, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knibbs, LD, Knudsen, AKS, Nejadghaderi, SA, Koh, DSQ, Al Hasan, SM, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Kong, J, Koren, G, Korja, M, Korshunov, VA, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Nejjari, C, Kothari, N, Koul, PA, Alahdab, F, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krishnan, B, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Ali, SSS, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, AL-Ahdal, TMA, Kugbey, N, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, N, Nematollahi, MH, Kumar, V, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Alalalmeh, SO, Kusuma, D, Kutluk, T, La Vecchia, C, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Nepal, S, Lahariya, C, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Alalwan, TA, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Neupane, S, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Al-Aly, Z, Lauriola, P, Le, H-H, Le, LKD, Mattumpuram, J, Ng, M, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Leasher, JL, Ledda, C, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Alam, K, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Nguefack-Tsague, G, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Lescinsky, H, Leung, J, Li, M-C, Li, W-Z, Alam, N, Li, W, Ngunjiri, JW, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lin, R-T, Lin, S, Liu, C, Liu, G, Alanezi, FM, Nguyen, DH, Liu, J, Liu, RT, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Livingstone, KM, Llanaj, E, Lohiya, A, Nguyen, NNY, Alanzi, TM, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Luo, L, lv, H, Nguyen, PT, M Amin, HI, Albakri, A, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Mabrok, M, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Mafhoumi, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghazachi, AA, Mahadeshwara Prasad, DR, Maharaj, SB, AlBataineh, MT, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makram, OM, Makris, KC, Malasala, S, Maled, V, Ali, W, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Aldhaleei, WA, Malinga, LA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manda, AL, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Nguyen, VT, Mansouri, B, Mansouri, P, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Aldridge, RW, Mantovani, LG, Manu, E, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marsh, E, Nguyen Tran Minh, D, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Maugeri, A, Niazi, RK, Nicholson, SI, Nie, J, Nikoobar, A, Nikpoor, AR, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Noman, EA, Alicandro, G, Nomura, S, Maulik, PK, Noroozi, N, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nri-Ezedi, CA, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nunemo, MH, Nurrika, D, Nutor, JJ, Alif, SM, Mayeli, M, Oancea, B, O'Connell, EM, Odetokun, IA, O'Donnell, MJ, Oduro, MS, Ogunfowokan, AA, Ogunkoya, A, Oh, I-H, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, SR, Mazidi, M, Aljunid, SM, Okekunle, AP, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olasupo, OO, Olatubi, MI, Oliveira, AB, Oliveira, GMM, Olorukooba, AA, Olufadewa, II, Alemu, YM, Olusanya, BO, Alla, F, Olusanya, JO, Oluwafemi, YD, Omar, HA, Omar Bali, A, Omer, GL, Ong, KL, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Mazzotti, A, Onyedibe, KI, Oppong, AF, Abd ElHafeez, S, Al-Marwani, S, Ordak, M, Orish, VN, Ornello, R, Orpana, HM, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Prado, E, McGrath, JJ, Osman, WMS, Ostroff, SM, Osuagwu, UL, Otoiu, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Ouyahia, A, Owolabi, MO, Oyeyemi, IT, McKee, M, Oyeyemi, OT, P A, MP, Pacheco-Barrios, K, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Almustanyir, S, Pal, PK, Palicz, T, Pan, F, Pan, H-F, McKowen, ALW, Pana, A, Panda, SK, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Alomari, MA, Pantazopoulos, I, Pantea Stoian, AM, Papadopoulou, P, McLaughlin, SA, Parent, MC, Parija, PP, Parikh, RR, Park, S, Parsons, N, Pashaei, A, Alonso, J, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, McPhail, MA, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, VS, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peden, AE, Pedersini, P, Alqahtani, JS, Peng, M, McPhail, SM, Pensato, U, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Peprah, P, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Perna, S, Pesudovs, K, Alqutaibi, AY, Mechili, EA, Petcu, I-R, Petermann-Rocha, FE, Pham, HT, Philip, AK, Phillips, MR, Pickering, BV, Pierannunzio, D, Pigeolet, M, Pigott, DM, Piracha, ZZ, Mehmood, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Piradov, MA, Pisoni, E, Piyasena, MP, Plass, D, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polkinghorne, KR, Poluru, R, Pond, CD, Mehmood, K, Popovic, DS, Alrawashdeh, A, Porru, F, Postma, MJ, Poudel, GR, Pour-Rashidi, A, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prabhu, D, Prada, SI, Al-Fatly, B, Pradhan, J, Pradhan, PMS, Al-Rifai, RH, Prasad, M, Prates, EJS, Purnobasuki, H, Purohit, BM, Puvvula, J, Qasim, NH, Qattea, I, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Qazi, AS, Qian, G, Qiu, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Alrousan, SM, Rabiee Rad, M, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, RA, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi Shahraki, H, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Rafferty, Q, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Raghav, PR, Raheem, N, Al-Sabah, SK, Rahim, F, Rahim, MJ, Rahimifard, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Meier, T, Rahman, MO, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, B, Rahmanian, M, Rahmanian, N, Alshahrani, NZ, Rahmanian, V, Rahmati, M, Rahmawaty, S, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Raimondo, D, Rajaa, S, Rajendran, V, Rajput, P, Ramadan, MM, Ramasamy, SK, Ramasubramani, P, Altaany, Z, Ramazanu, S, Ramteke, PW, Mekene Meto, T, Rana, J, Rana, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rane, A, Rani, U, Ranta, A, Rao, CR, Rao, M, Altaf, A, Rao, PC, Mekonnen, BD, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rashedi, S, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rasouli-Saravani, A, Ratan, ZA, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Menezes, RG, Rauniyar, SK, Rautalin, I, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Reda, ZFF, Reddy, MMRK, Redwan, EMM, Reifels, L, Mengist, B, Altirkawi, KA, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Restaino, S, Reyes, LF, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Mensah, GA, Rezaeian, M, Aluh, DO, Rhee, TG, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, ALP, Rickard, J, Robinson-Oden, HE, Rodrigues, CF, Rodrigues, M, Rodriguez, JAB, Mensah, LG, Roever, L, Romadlon, DS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ronfani, L, Rosauer, JJ, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rotimi, K, Rout, HS, Roy, B, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Roy, N, Rubagotti, E, Ruela, GDA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Rumisha, SF, Runghien, T, Russo, M, Ruzzante, SW, S N, C, Saad, AMA, Mentis, A-FA, Saber, K, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Abdi, P, Alwafi, H, Sachdev, PS, Sachdeva, R, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Meo, SA, Sadee, BA, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi Majd, E, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Al-Wardat, MS, Safari, M, Safi, S, Safi, SZ, Meretoja, A, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saheb Sharif-Askari, F, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Al-Worafi, YM, Saif, Z, Sajid, MR, Meretoja, TJ, Sakshaug, JW, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salami, AA, Salaroli, LB, Salehi, L, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Aly, H, Salem, MZY, Mersha, AM, Salihu, D, Salimi, S, Salum, GA, Samadi Kafil, H, Samadzadeh, S, Samodra, YL, Samuel, VP, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Aly, S, Mesfin, BA, Sanjeev, RK, Sanna, F, Santomauro, DF, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarasmita, MA, Saraswathy, SYI, Saravanan, A, Saravi, B, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Mestrovic, T, Alzoubi, KH, Sarode, GS, Sarode, SC, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Sayeed, A, Mettananda, KCD, Sayeed, MA, Al-Zyoud, W, Sayyah, M, Schinckus, C, Schmidt, MI, Schuermans, A, Schumacher, AE, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Mettananda, S, Schwendicke, F, Selvaraj, S, Amaechi, UA, Semreen, MH, Senthilkumaran, S, Serban, D, Serre, ML, Sethi, Y, Shafie, M, Shah, H, Miazgowski, T, Shah, NS, Shah, PA, Shah, SM, Aman Mohammadi, M, Shahbandi, A, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, S, Shahid, W, Shahsavari, HR, Shahwan, MJ, Al-Habbal, K, Shaikh, MA, Shaikh, SZ, Shalash, AS, Sham, S, Amani, R, Shamim, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, MA, Shanawaz, M, Micha, G, Shankar, A, Sharfaei, S, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, M, Abdollahi, M, Amiri, S, Sharma, U, Sharma, V, Shastry, RP, Michalek, IM, Shavandi, A, Shehabeldine, AME, Shehzadi, S, Sheikh, A, Shen, J, Shetty, A, Shetty, BSK, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Shetty, PH, Shiani, A, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, AC, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shiri, R, Shittu, A, Shiue, I, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Ammirati, E, Shool, S, Miller, TR, Shorofi, SA, Shrestha, R, Shrestha, S, Shuja, KH, Shuval, K, Si, Y, Siddig, EE, Silva, DAS, Silva, LMLR, Amu, H, Mirarefin, M, Silva, S, Silva, TPR, Simpson, CR, Singh, A, Singh, BB, Singh, B, Singh, G, Singh, H, Singh, JA, Singh, M, Mirghafourvand, M, Amugsi, DA, Singh, NP, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sinto, R, Sivakumar, S, Siwal, SS, Skhvitaridze, N, Skou, ST, Sleet, DA, Mirica, A, Sobia, F, Amusa, GA, Soboka, M, Socea, B, Solaimanian, S, Solanki, R, Solanki, S, Soliman, SSM, Somayaji, R, Song, Y, Mirijello, A, Sorensen, RJD, Soriano, JB, Ancuceanu, R, Soyiri, IN, Spartalis, M, Spearman, S, Spencer, CN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stachteas, P, Stafford, LK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Stanaway, JD, Stanikzai, MH, Stein, C, Anderlini, D, Stein, DJ, Steinbeis, F, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Steiropoulos, P, Stockfelt, L, Mirshahi, A, Stokes, MA, Straif, K, Stranges, S, Subedi, N, Anderson, JA, Subramaniyan, V, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sundström, J, Sunkersing, D, Alhabib, KF, Sunnerhagen, KS, Suresh, V, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Szeto, MD, Andrade, PP, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Mirzaei, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabche, C, Tabish, M, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Abdoun, M, Andrei, CL, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taherkhani, A, Mishra, AK, Taiba, J, Takahashi, K, Talaat, IM, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tang, H, Tat, NY, Taveira, N, Andrei, T, Tefera, YM, Mishra, V, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, M-H, Teramoto, M, Terefa, DR, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Thakur, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Anenberg, SC, Mitchell, PB, Thapar, R, Thayakaran, R, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thomas, NK, Tian, J, Tichopad, A, Ticoalu, JHV, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Mithra, P, Angappan, D, Tolani, MA, Tolossa, T, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Trabelsi, K, Tran, JT, Mittal, C, Tran, MTN, Angus, C, Tran, NM, Trico, D, Trihandini, I, Troeger, CE, Tromans, SJ, Truyen, TTTT, Tsatsakis, A, Tsermpini, EE, Moazen, B, Tumurkhuu, M, Udoakang, AJ, Anil, A, Udoh, A, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Umair, M, Umakanthan, S, Unim, B, Moberg, ME, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Urso, D, Anil, S, Usman, JS, Vaithinathan, AG, Vakili, O, Valenti, M, Valizadeh, R, Van den Eynde, J, Mocciaro, G, van Donkelaar, A, Varga, O, Vart, P, Varthya, SB, Anjum, A, Vasankari, TJ, Vasic, M, Vaziri, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verghese, NA, Mohamadkhani, A, Verma, M, Veroux, M, Verras, G-I, Vervoort, D, Villafañe, JH, Anoushiravani, A, Villalobos-Daniel, VE, Villani, L, Villanueva, GI, Vinayak, M, Alhassan, RK, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vollset, SE, Volovat, SR, Vos, T, Antonazzo, IC, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, C, Mohamed, AZ, Wang, F, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wanjau, MN, Waqas, M, Ward, P, Abdulah, DM, Antony, CM, Waris, A, Mohamed, AI, Wassie, EG, Weerakoon, KG, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Weiss, EJ, Weldetinsaa, HLL, Wells, KM, Wen, YF, Wiangkham, T, Antriyandarti, E, Mohamed, J, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wilson, S, Wong, YJ, Wongsin, U, Wozniak, S, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, F, Mohamed, MFH, Anuoluwa, BS, Wu, Z, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadav, MK, Yaghoubi, S, Yamagishi, K, Mohamed, NS, Yang, L, Anvari, D, Yano, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Yasufuku, Y, Ye, P, Yesodharan, R, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yi, S, Mohammadi, E, Yiğit, A, Yigzaw, ZA, Anvari, S, Yin, D, Yip, P, Yismaw, MB, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Mohammadi, S, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Anwar, S, Zadey, S, Zadnik, V, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zakzuk, J, Zamagni, G, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Zaman, SB, Zandieh, GGZ, Zanghì, A, Zar, HJ, Anwar, SL, Zare, I, Zarimeidani, F, Zastrozhin, MS, Zeng, Y, Zhai, C, Mohammadifard, N, Zhang, AL, Zhang, H, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, Y, Anwer, R, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, H, Zhao, JT, Mohammed, H, Zhao, X-JG, Zhao, Y, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Anyabolo, EE, Zhou, S, Zhu, B, Zhu, L, Ali, A, Zhu, Z, Ziaeian, B, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoghi, G, Zoller, T, Anyasodor, AE, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Mohammed, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Abdullahi, A, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arafat, M, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Mohammed, S, Aremu, A, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Abebe, M, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Artanti, KD, Aruleba, IT, Arumugam, A, Asbeutah, AM, Asgary, S, Asgedom, AA, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Abedi, A, Ashraf, T, Askarinejad, A, Assmus, M, Astell-Burt, T, Mokdad, AH, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awoke, AA, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Monasta, L, Ayatollahi, H, Ayestas Portugal, C, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azhar, GS, Azizi, H, Abegaz, TM, Azzam, AY, Backhaus, IL, Mondello, S, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Bagga, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bai, R, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Baig, AA, Moni, MA, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, PC, Banke-Thomas, A, Abiodun, O, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Bansal, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Moore, CE, Abiso, TL, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Batchu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Moradi, M, Baune, BT, Aboagye, RG, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, A, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Abolhassani, H, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, and Bennitt, FB

Published
2024

11. A Systematic Review on Osmotic Computing

Author

Neha, B, Panda, SK, Sahu, PK, Sahoo, KS, Gandomi, AH, Neha, B, Panda, SK, Sahu, PK, Sahoo, KS, and Gandomi, AH

Abstract

Osmotic computing in association with related computing paradigms (cloud, fog, and edge) emerges as a promising solution for handling bulk of security-critical as well as latency-sensitive data generated by the digital devices. It is a growing research domain that studies deployment, migration, and optimization of applications in the form of microservices across cloud/edge infrastructure. It presents dynamically tailored microservices in technology-centric environments by exploiting edge and cloud platforms. Osmotic computing promotes digital transformation and furnishes benefits to transportation, smart cities, education, and healthcare. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of osmotic computing through a systematic literature review approach. To ensure high-quality review, we conduct an advanced search on numerous digital libraries to extracting related studies. The advanced search strategy identifies 99 studies, from which 29 relevant studies are selected for a thorough review. We present a summary of applications in osmotic computing build on their key features. On the basis of the observations, we outline the research challenges for the applications in this research field. Finally, we discuss the security issues resolved and unresolved in osmotic computing.

Published
2022

13. A Common-Ground-Type Single-Stage Buck-Boost Inverter with Sinusoidal Output Voltage

Author

Lee, SS, Gorla, NBY, Panda, SK, Lee, K-B, Siwakoti, YP, and Barzegarkhoo, R

Subjects
Hardware_GENERAL, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY
Abstract

Single-stage inverters with a common ac and de ground are emerging topologies which effectively eliminate the high-frequency common mode voltage. However, most of the existing common-ground-type inverters are based on switched-capacitor (SC) circuits which are inherently subjected to several important issues that lead to many practical limitations. Disadvantages such as high current spikes, high capacitor voltage ripples, and distorted ac output voltage with de offset are some significant challenges in these inverters. A new common-ground-type inverter that discard the use of SCs is therefore proposed in this paper. It consists of a single-inductor and an ac output capacitor that are controlled by 8 power switches. Sinusoidal ac voltage generation in both buck and boost modes can be achieved by controlling the inductor with a sinusoidal duty-cycle. Simulations are presented to verify the operation of the proposed topology.

Published
2021

15. SDCF: A Software-Defined Cyber Foraging Framework for Cloudlet Environment

Author

Nithya, S, Sangeetha, M, Prethi, KNA, Sahoo, KS, Panda, SK, Gandomi, AH, Nithya, S, Sangeetha, M, Prethi, KNA, Sahoo, KS, Panda, SK, and Gandomi, AH

Abstract

© 2004-2012 IEEE. The cloudlets can be deployed over mobile devices or even fixed state powerful servers that can provide services to its users in physical proximity. Executing workloads on cloudlets involves challenges centering on limited computing resources. Executing Virtual Machine (VM) based workloads for cloudlets does not scale due to the high computational demands of a VM. Another approach is to execute container-based workloads on cloudlets. However, container-based methods suffer from the cold-start problem, making it unfit for mobile edge computing scenarios. In this work, we introduce executing serverless functions on Web-assembly as workloads for both mobile and fixed state cloudlets. To execute the serverless workload on mobile cloudlets, we built a lightweight Web-assembly runtime. The orchestration of workloads and management of cloudlets or serverless runtime is done by introducing software-defined Cyber Foraging (SDCF) framework, which is a hybrid controller including a control plane for local networks and cloudlets. The SDCF framework integrates the management of cloudlets by utilizing the control plane traffic of the underlying network and thus avoids the extra overhead of cloudlet control plane traffic management. We evaluate SDCF using three use cases: (1) Price aware resource allocation (2) Energy aware resource scheduling for mobile cloudlets (3) Mobility pattern aware resource scheduling in mobile cloudlets. Through the virtualization of cloudlet resources, SDCF preserves minimal maintenance property by providing a centralized approach for configuring and management of cloudlets.

Published
2020

19. How good is regional climate model version 4 in simulating the monsoon onset over Kerala?

Author

Pattnayak, KC, Panda, SK, Saraswat, V, and Dash, SK

Abstract

This study assesses the performance of regional climate model version 4 (RegCM4) in simulating the monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK). It also examines any possible relationship between the onset dates with the summer monsoon rainfall over India as whole as well as each grid points of the India land points and also the moisture inflow into Indian subcontinent. A 30-year long simulation starting from 1979 till 2008 was carried out with the lateral boundary forcings provided by European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA-interim) at 25 km horizontal resolution. The simulated climatological MOK date is found to be 28th May, while as per the India Meteorological Department, climatological normal onset date is 1st June. The model has performed well in simulating the inter-annual variation of MOK during the study period. The correlation coefficient between model simulated and observed MOK is 0.83 significant at 95% confidence level. In both model and observations, the MOK is weakly correlated with All India Summer Monsoon Rainfall. Again, the model skill was examined through equitable threat score (ETS). The ETS score is high for normal (0.48) and delayed (0.42) onset years, while the score is very low in early onset years. The spatial patterns of rainfall over central India are very similar in early and normal onset years. The model has performed well in reproducing the moisture inflow in to the Indian subcontinent from all the directions in most of the years, but there is no one-to-one relation between different categories of MOK years with total rainfall and net moisture inflow. Based on this study, it is found that RegCM4 reproduces different aspects of MOK reasonably well.

Published
2019

20. Adaptive routing protocol for urban vehicular networks to support sellers and buyers on wheels

Author

Bhoi, SK, Puthal, D, Khilar, PM, Rodrigues, JJPC, Panda, SK, and Yang, LT

Subjects
ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Networking & Telecommunications
Abstract

© 2018 Marketing on wheels is an emerging area of research, where users can buy or sell items using inter vehicular communication and web is not required. For quicker delivery of items, the communication between the vehicles should be faster. In this paper, a routing protocol is proposed for urban vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to send the messages from the buyer to the seller or vice versa in a minimum time to get faster service. Currently, many routing protocols are proposed for urban environment, which are based on the methods of shortest path, high density, minimum packet forwarding delay, and intermediate junction selection. However, these protocols lack knowledge about the communication gaps generated between the junctions before forwarding the data. In this method, the RSU at the junction calculates a path value for each path to choose the next path. The parameters used for path value calculation are number of network fragments between the junctions, delay to send the data from to other junction, and destination closeness. Then, the path which has a less path value is chosen as the next path. Results show that proposed protocol performs better than the existing city based routing protocols in terms of delay, number of network fragments or gaps encountered, path length, total service time, and packet delivery ratio. At last, the proposed routing protocol is validated by conducting an experiment in a small VANET platform designed in an indoor laboratory environment (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3UmgI5AAH0).

Published
2018

21. Physiological impact of Zinc nanoparticle on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L) seed

Author

Shome S, Upadhyaya H, Roy H, Panda Sk, Bhattacharya Mk, and Tewari S

Subjects
Horticulture, Oryza sativa, chemistry, Germination, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, food and beverages, Zinc
Abstract

Nanoparticles affects growth and development of Plant. Zinc is an important micronutrient that regulates various physiological responses in plant. Application of nanoparticles for modulating plants physiological response is a recent practice. Zinc nanoparticles has been widely used in industry for several decades. However, no significant work had been made on its potential use in agriculture. Understanding physiological effect of Zn NP on rice seed germination could suggest the basis for its prospective application in agriculture to improve plant growth. In the present experiment effect of Zn NP was studied in Kmj-6-1-1 which is a commonly growing rice cultivar of Karimganj district of Assam, India. An exposure to Zn NP (0 mg/L, 5mg/L,10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L & 50mg/L) caused significant changes in radicle and plumule length , mass ( fresh & dry mass) and seed moisture content in rice. Antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione reductase (GR) also increased due to ZnNP treatment. This suggest that Zn NP may significantly alters antioxidant metabolism during rice seed germination. In conclusion, Zn NP protected rice plants from ROS damage by improving levels of antioxidant enzyme activities during germination. As a consequence the Zn NP treated seeds, showed better potential for germination. Further, genomic analysis of germinating rice seeds are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Zn NP modulates germination process in rice.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. A review on condition monitoring of GIS

Author

Sahoo, A, Subramaniam, A, Bhandari, S, Panda, SK, Sahoo, A, Subramaniam, A, Bhandari, S, and Panda, SK

Abstract

Baseload power generation plants like thermal, coal, nuclear etc. contribute to around 30-35 % of the total power demand. Electric power grids depend on these power plants to provide reliable electric power supply with good power quality to the end consumer. To ensure reliable power generation, critical components of these plants need to be monitored continuously. In the distribution side of power system networks, medium voltage switchgear is being considered as the vital component to be looked at for industrial applications. In the past research studies on MV switchgear have given enough insight into various kinds of failures associated with it. This paper focuses on Gas insulted Switchgear (GIS) failure causes, failure phenomena, sensing techniques and signal processing tools for online diagnosis.

Published
2017

24. Origin of the Spin-Orbital Liquid State in a Nearly J=0 Iridate Ba3ZnIr2O9

Author

Nag, A, Middey, S, Bhowal, S, Panda, SK, Mathieu, R, Orain, JC, Bert, F, Mendels, P, Freeman, Paul Gregory, Mansson, M, Ronnow, HM, Telling, M, Biswas, PK, Sheptyakov, D, Kaushik, SD, Siruguri, V, Meneghini, C, Sarma, DD, Dasgupta, I, Ray, S, Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom, Department of Materials and Nanophysics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX110QX, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, UGC-DAE-Consortium for Scientific Research Mumbai Centre, R5 Shed, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India, Dipartimento di Scienze, Universitá Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale, 84 I-00146 Roma, Italy, and Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India

Subjects
F300, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We show using detailed magnetic and thermodynamic studies and theoretical calculations that the ground state of Ba3ZnIr2O9 is a realization of a novel spin-orbital liquid state. Our results reveal that Ba3ZnIr2O9 with Ir5+ (5d(4)) ions and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) arrives very close to the elusive J = 0 state but each Ir ion still possesses a weak moment. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that this moment is developed due to superexchange, mediated by a strong intradimer hopping mechanism. While the Ir spins within the structural Ir2O9 dimer are expected to form a spin-orbit singlet state (SOS) with no resultant moment, substantial frustration arising from interdimer exchange interactions induce quantum fluctuations in these possible SOS states favoring a spin-orbital liquid phase down to at least 100 mK.

Published
2016

25. Coordination Compounds of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII with Tridentate ONS Donor Azo dye Ligands

Author

Mahapatra, BB and Panda, SK

Subjects
Azodye complexes, Co-ordination compounds, Metal complexes
Abstract

Twelve monomeric co–ordination compounds of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII with two ONS tridentate azodye ligands have been synthesized. The characterizations of these compounds have been made basing uponanalytical conductance, magnetic susceptibility, I.R, electronic spectra, E.S.R. and N.M.R. spectral data. The CoII and NiII complexes are found to be octahedral, CuII complexes are distorted octahedral and ZnII, CdII and HgII complexes are found to be four co-ordinated possibly with tetrahedral geometry.

Published
2012

26. The 1994 plague epidemic of India: Molecular diagnosis and characterization of Yersinia pestis isolates from Surat and Beed

Author

Panda, Sk, Nanda, Sk, Ghosh, A., Sharma, C., Shivaji, S., Kumar, Gs, Kannan, K., Batra, Hv, Tuteja, U., Ganguly, Nk, Chakrabarty, A., and Chandra, Hs

Subjects
Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics (formed by the merger of DBGL and CRBME)
Abstract

PCR analysis of formalin-fixed human autopsy tissues, rodent tissues, fleas and bacterial isolates from pneumonic patients from the 1991 plague epidemic confirmed the presence of the f1 and pla genes of Yersinia pestis in these samples, Several Y. pestis isolates from the epidemic areas were studied in respect of their plasmid profile, expression of FI antigen and ribotype pattern, All the three plasmids known to be associated with virulence were present in the Surat isolates of Y. pestis. Presence of the F1 antigen, clasically used for diagnosis of Y. pestis infection, was demonstrated by immunoblotting. All the Indian isolates from the 1994 epidemic showed an identical ribotype profile, This profile, however, was different from those of Y. pestis isolates tested from other regions of the world. Upon digestion with EcoRI and EcoRV, and probing with E. coli 16S and 23S rRNA genes, DNA from these Y. pestis isolates gave two distinct profiles which, taken together, suggest that the present Indian isolates represent a new ribotype. The presence of Y. pestis signature genes in 5 out of 7 fleas collected from rodents in the affected areas, and the occurrence of the same ribotype in the Y. pestis isolates from domestic rodents, sylvatic rodents and the patients are strongly indicative of a clonal origin of this Indian strain and an epidemiological linkage among wild rodents, domestic rats and humans in the epidemic area

Published
1996

34. Vaccination against hepatitis A virus may not be required for schoolchildren in northern India: results of a seroepidemiological survey.

Author

Batra Y, Bhatkal B, Ojha B, Kaur K, Saraya A, Panda SK, and Acharya SK

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the current seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a sample of schoolchildren above 10 years of age and to determine the prevalence of HAV-induced hepatitis in adults at a tertiary care hospital in northern India between January 1992 and December 2000. METHODS: Sera from 276 male and 224 female schoolchildren aged 10-17 years were tested for anti-HAV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis who attended a liver clinic were tested for the serological markers of HAV, hepatitis B Virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus. FINDINGS: Of the male and female children, 96.3% and 98.2%, respectively had anti-HAV antibodies in their sera. The prevalence of these antibodies in the age groups 10-12, 13- 14, and 15-17 years were 98.6%, 94.8%, and 98.3% respectively. The frequency of HAV- induced acute viral hepatitis (69/870, 8%) in adults did not show an increasing trend. CONCLUSION: Mass HAV vaccination may be unnecessary in northern India because the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against HAV in schoolchildren aged over 10 years remains above 95% and there has been no apparent increase in HAV-induced acute viral hepatitis in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

37. Engineering light-driven micromotors with fluorescent dye coatings for easy detection and tracking.

Author

Debata S, Panda SK, and Singh DP

Abstract

Micromotors are the backbone of material research as they are small-sized, self-propelled, intelligent systems capable of performing multiple tasks ranging from biomedicine to environmental monitoring. One of the primary obstacles the field faces is the live detection and differentiation of individual units through a complex environment. In this study, we demonstrate a facile approach for designing light-activated dye-tagged micromotors on a large scale. The micromotors are titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/copper oxide (Cu 2 O)-silica Janus spheres that are self-propelled under the illumination of low-intensity light in aqueous peroxide medium. The micromotors were modified with different dyes, such as Alq3, Alizarin, zinc phthalocyanine, etc . The fabrication of micromotors and coating with dyes were performed using a simple and versatile physical vapor deposition-based glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The fluorescent dyes help to detect the motion and position of micromotors independently. Moreover, they also help to identify the swimming direction as well as differentiate the micromotors in a complex medium consisting of similar configurations of other particles (bacteria and passive fluorescent particles). Light provides full control over the dynamics as well as the fluorescence nature of micromotors. To present the versatility of our design scheme, micromotors of different shapes, materials, and dye coatings are designed and explored for fluorescence-based observations. The simplistic design approach with easy-to-load multiple fluorescent dyes is an interesting feature that makes the micromotors suitable candidates for various microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip studies, including biological or fluorescent samples.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Bacterial biofilm-mediated environmental remediation: Navigating strategies to attain Sustainable Development Goals.

Author

Das S, Pradhan T, Panda SK, Behera AD, Kumari S, and Mallick S

Subjects
Bacteria metabolism, Biofilms, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Sustainable Development
Abstract

Bacterial biofilm is a structured bacterial community enclosed within a three-dimensional polymeric matrix, governed by complex signaling pathways, including two-component systems, quorum sensing, and c-di-GMP, which regulate its development and resistance in challenging environments. The genetic configurations within biofilm empower bacteria to exhibit significant pollutant remediation abilities, offering a promising strategy to tackle diverse ecological challenges and expedite progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Biofilm-based technologies offer advantages such as high treatment efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability compared to conventional methods. They significantly contribute to agricultural improvement, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, thereby supporting SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 13 (Climate action), and SDG 15 (Life on land). In addition, biofilm facilitates the degradation of organic-inorganic pollutants from contaminated environments, aligning with SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation) and SDG 14 (Life below water). Bacterial biofilm also has potential applications in industrial innovation, aligning SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), and SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure). Besides, bacterial biofilm prevents several diseases, aligning with SDG 3 (Good health and well-being). Thus, bacterial biofilm-mediated remediation provides advanced opportunities for addressing environmental issues and progressing toward achieving the SDGs. This review explores the potential of bacterial biofilms in addressing soil pollution, wastewater, air quality improvement, and biodiversity conservation, emphasizing their critical role in promoting sustainable development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Decoding secret role of mesenchymal stem cells in regulating cancer stem cells and drug resistance.

Author

Panda SK, Robinson N, and Desiderio V

Abstract

Drug resistance caused by the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the most challenging obstacles to successful cancer therapy. Several efflux transporters have been identified since the discovery of the P-gp/ABCB1 transporter in 1976. Over the last four decades, researchers have focused on developing efflux transporter inhibitors to overcome drug resistance. However, even with the third-generation inhibitors available, we are still far from effectively inhibiting the efflux transporters. Additionally, Cancer stem cells (CSCs) pose another significant challenge, contributing to cancer recurrence even after successful treatment. The ability of CSCs to enter dormancy and evade detection makes them almost invulnerable to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. In this review, we discuss how Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the key components of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME), regulate both the CSCs and efflux transporters. We propose a new approach focusing on MSCs, which can be crucial to successfully address CSCs and efflux transporters., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Computational Assessment of Clinical Drugs against SARS-CoV-2: Foreseeing Molecular Mechanisms and Potent Mpro Inhibitors.

Author

Panda SK, Pani P, Sen Gupta PS, Mahanandia NC, and Rana MK

Abstract

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is a propulsion for accelerated potential therapeutic discovery. SARS-CoV-2's main protease (Mpro), essential for host cell viral replication, is a pre-eminent druggable protein target. Here, we perform extensive drug re-profiling of the comprehensive Excelra database, which compiles various under-trial drug candidates for COVID-19 treatment. For mechanistic understanding, the most promising screened-out molecules with targets are subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Post-MD analyses demonstrate Darunavir, Ponatinib, and Tomivosertib forming a stable complex with Mpro, characterized by less fluctuation of Cα atoms, smooth and stable root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), and robust contact with the active site residues. Likewise, they all have lower binding free energy with Mpro, demonstrating strong affinity. In free energy landscape profiles, the distances from His41 and Cys145 exhibit a single energy minima basin, implying their preponderance in proximity to Mpro's catalytic dyad. Overall, the computational assessment earmarks promising candidates from the Excelra database, emphasizing on carrying out exhaustive biochemical experiments along with clinical trials. The work lays the foundation for potential therapeutic interventions in treating COVID-19., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Characterization of Al 3+ -toxicity responses and molecular mechanisms underlying organic acid efflux in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.

Author

Chowra UK, Regon P, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, and Panda SK

Subjects
Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects, Vigna genetics, Vigna drug effects, Vigna metabolism, Aluminum toxicity, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Roots growth & development, Phylogeny
Abstract

Aluminium (Al 3+ ) toxicity in acidic soils poses a significant challenge for crop cultivation and reduces crop productivity. The primary defense mechanism against Al 3+ toxicity involves the activation of organic acid secretion. In this study, responses of 9 Vigna mungo cultivars to Al 3+ toxicity were investigated, with a particular emphasis on the root system and crucial genes involved in Al 3+ tolerance using molecular cloning and expression analysis. Sensitive blackgram-KM2 cultivars exposed to 100-µM Al 3+ toxicity for 72 h exhibited a root-growth inhibition of approximately 66.17%. Significant loss of membrane integrity and structural deformative roots were found to be the primary symptoms of Al 3+ toxicity in blackgram. MATE (Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion) and ALS3 (Aluminium Sensitive 3) genes were successfully cloned from a sensitive blackgram cv KM2 with phylogenetic analysis revealing their evolutionary relationship to Vigna radiata and Glycine max. The MATE gene is mainly localized in the plasma membrane, and highly expressed under Al 3+ , thus suggesting its role in transports of citrate-Al 3+ complexes, and detoxifying Al 3+ within plant cells. In addition, ALS3 was also induced under Al 3+ toxicity, which codes the UDP-glucose transporter and is required for the maintenance of ions homeostasis. In summary, this study highlights the understanding of Al 3+ toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms linked to the efflux of organic acid in blackgram, ultimately aiding the framework for the development of strategies to enhance the resilience of blackgram and other pulse crops in Al-rich soils., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. The crosstalk between primary MSCs and cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures: potential therapeutic strategies and impact on drug resistance.

Author

Rehman A, Panda SK, Torsiello M, Marigliano M, Tufano CC, Nigam A, Parveen Z, Papaccio G, and La Noce M

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences cancer progression, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling, affecting behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. While conventional 2D culture models have provided valuable insights, they cannot fully replicate the complexity and diversity of the TME. Therefore, developing 3D culture systems that better mimic in vivo conditions is essential. This review delves into the heterogeneous nature of the TME, spotlighting MSC-tumor cellular signaling and advancements in 3D culture technologies. Utilizing MSCs in cancer therapy presents opportunities to enhance treatment effectiveness and overcome resistance mechanisms. Understanding MSC interactions within the TME and leveraging 3D culture models can advance novel cancer therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, this review underscores the therapeutic potential of engineered MSCs, emphasizing their role in targeted anti-cancer treatments., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Human Mastication Analysis-A DEM Based Numerical Approach.

Author

Mishra R, Deb SK, Chakrabarty S, Das M, Das M, Panda SK, Tiwary CS, and Arora A

Abstract

Mastication is an essential and preliminary step of the digestion process involving fragmentation and mixing of food. Controlled muscle movement of jaws with teeth executes crushing, leading towards fragmentation of food particles. Understanding various parameters involved with the process is essential to solve any biomedical complication in the area of interest. However, exploring and analyzing such process flow through an experimental route is challenging and inefficient. Computational techniques such as discrete element numerical modeling can effectively address such problems. The current work employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) as a numerical modeling technique to simulate the human mastication process. Tavares and Ab-T10 breakage models coupled with Gaudin Schumann and Incomplete Beta fragment distribution models have been implemented to analyze the fragmental distribution of food particles. The effect of particle shape (spherical, polyhedron, and faceted cylinder), size (aspect ratio), and orientation (vertical and horizontal) on breakage and fragment distribution is analyzed. To account for the elastic-plastic behavior and moisture content in food particles, modifications has been made in breakage models by incorporating numerical softening factor and adhesion force. The study demonstrates how numerical modeling techniques can be utilized to analyze the mastication process involving multiple process parameters., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Western diet reduces small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes via FXR-Interferon pathway.

Author

Hung CT, Ma C, Panda SK, Trsan T, Hodel M, Frein J, Foster A, Sun S, Wu HT, Kern J, Mishra R, Jain U, Ho YC, Colonna M, Stappenbeck TS, and Liu TC

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Humans, Male, Interferons metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Immunity, Mucosal, Intestinal Mucosa immunology, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Female, Disease Models, Animal, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear metabolism, Diet, Western, Signal Transduction, Intraepithelial Lymphocytes immunology, Intraepithelial Lymphocytes metabolism, Obesity immunology, Obesity metabolism, Intestine, Small immunology, Intestine, Small metabolism
Abstract

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has continued to increase over the past several decades. Understanding how diet-induced obesity modulates mucosal immunity is of clinical relevance. We previously showed that consumption of a high fat, high sugar "Western" diet (WD) reduces the density and function of small intestinal Paneth cells, a small intestinal epithelial cell type with innate immune function. We hypothesized that obesity could also result in repressed gut adaptive immunity. Using small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) as a readout, we found that in non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects, high body mass index correlated with reduced IEL density. We recapitulated this in wild type (WT) mice fed with WD. A 4-week WD consumption was able to reduce IEL but not splenic, blood, or bone marrow lymphocytes, and the effect was reversible after another 2 weeks of standard diet (SD) washout. Importantly, WD-associated IEL reduction was not dependent on the presence of gut microbiota, as WD-fed germ-free mice also showed IEL reduction. We further found that WD-mediated Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) activation in the gut triggered IEL reduction, and this was partially mediated by intestinal phagocytes. Activated FXR signaling stimulated phagocytes to secrete type I IFN, and inhibition of either FXR or type I IFN signaling within the phagocytes prevented WD-mediated IEL loss. Therefore, WD consumption represses both innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. These findings have significant clinical implications in the understanding of how diet modulates mucosal immunity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: T. Stappenbeck advises Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kallyope, Takada, and Roche. T.C. Liu has research contracts with Denali Therapeutics and Interline Therapeutics. All other authors declare no relevant competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Embryo-fetal developmental toxicity of carbamazepine administered orally in wistar rat.

Author

Panda SK, H M NK, and Takawale P

Subjects
Animals, Female, Pregnancy, Administration, Oral, Fetal Development drug effects, Abnormalities, Drug-Induced, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Male, Embryonic Development drug effects, Rats, Carbamazepine toxicity, Rats, Wistar, Anticonvulsants toxicity
Abstract

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of carbamazepine on prenatal development, including maternal-fetal, external, visceral, and skeletal toxicity. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the effects of orally administered Carbamazepine at a lower dose range in Wistar rats. Pregnant female rats were randomly distributed into control (G1) group administered with distilled water orally (n=8), low dose (G2) group administered at 25 mg/kg, intermediate dose (G3) group at 50 mg/kg, and high dose (G4) group at 100 mg/kg through oral gavage from gestation day (GD) 5-19. Pregnant female rats were scheduled to necropsy on gestation day (GD) 20. During the evaluation, the uterus was observed for number of live or viable fetuses, dead fetuses, early resorptions, late resorptions, number of corpora lutea and the sex ratio (m/f) per litter. Further, fetuses were subjected to materno-fetal examination which included observation for placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord followed by external evaluation. Additionally, half of the fetuses were subjected to visceral, craniofacial evaluation and other half of the fetuses were subjected to skeletal evaluation by double staining method using Alcian Blue for cartilages and Alizarin Red S for bones. It was observed that there was a significant decrease in the rate of pregnancy in the intermediate dose (G3) group and in high dose (G4) group when compared with the control group. Moreover, treatment with the Carbamazepine caused significant increase in fetal malformations such as dilation of lateral and third ventricle in brain, in intermediate dose (G3) group and high dose (G4) group when compared with the control (G1) group, dilation of ureters in high dose (G4) group. Fetal skeletal malformations like bent and nodulated ribs were also observed in intermediate dose (G3) group. Existing research substantially supports the claim that carbamazepine can cause teratogenic effects and prenatal development toxicity even at a lower dose range., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Subham Kumar Panda reports financial support was provided by Vipragen Biosciences Private Limited. Subham Kumar Panda reports a relationship with Vipragen Biosciences Private Limited that includes: employment. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Bacterial Inactivation Studies in Shrimp Pond Water by using Different Disinfectant Agents.

Author

Nadella RK, Panda SK, Uchio D, Kishore P, V R M, Ayyappan MV, Badireddy MR, Kuricheti PP, Raman RP, and Mothadaka MP

Abstract

Background: Aquaculture water plays an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria during harvest of shrimps. Mitigation of bacteria through discharge is essential to prevent dissemination downstream. Chemical disinfection of culture water is feasible compared to other methods of bacterial inactivation., Objective: To study the effect of different disinfectant agent's viz., chlorine, Fenton's reagent, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on inactivation of bacteria from shrimp pond water., Methods: The water samples were subjected to treatment with various concentrations of chlorine (0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1), Fenton's reagent (1:10 mM ratio of Fe2+:H2O2; 2:20, 3:30, 4:40, 5:50) and H2O2 (20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for different time durations (5 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min)., Results: The results indicated that all the disinfecting agents inactivated both the total heterotrophic bacteria and tetracycline-resistant bacteria with increased concentrations and time. At the end of 60 min treatment with chlorination (2.5 mg Cl2 L-1), Fenton's reagent (2 mM Fe2+ + 20 mM H2O2) and H2O2 (50 mM H2O2), the total heterotrophic bacterial count in the water samples gradually decreased by 2.35, 2.65, and 1.38 log10 CFU mL-1, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria count reduced by 1.57, 1.66, and 1.43 log10 CFU mL-1, respectively from initial bacterial load., Conclusions: The study revealed that disinfection agents can be successfully employed in the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria discharged through aquaculture water. Among three disinfection agents, Fenton's reagent has been found effective in inhibiting both heterotrophic bacteria and tetracycline-resistant bacteria from water samples., Highlights: Bacterial inactivation studies were carried with Chlorination, Fenton's reagent, and Hydrogen peroxide. The highest decrease in HPC (2.65 log) and tetracycline-resistant bacterial (1.66 log) was noticed in the water samples treated with Fenton's reagent. The use of disinfection agents effectively mitigates antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquaculture wastewater., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Molecular Confirmation, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology of Ehrlichia canis Prevalence in Eastern India.

Author

Chakraborty A, Rath PK, Panda SK, Mishra BP, Dehuri M, Biswal S, Jena MK, Sahu BP, Paital B, and Sahoo DK

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate pathological epidemiology and molecular confirmation of Ehrlichia canis among pet dogs in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, a state in eastern India. A total of 178 dogs were screened for Ehrlichiosis based on history, clinical signs, blood, and buffy coat smear examination, resulting in only 56 dogs (31.46%) screening positive. The epidemiological study recorded a non-significant ( p ≥ 0.05) increase in incidences among male dogs (68%), German Shepherds (25%), dogs more than 20 kg body weight (75%), in the summer months (55%), and dogs housed in pukka houses with exposure to the outside (59%). The majority of the infected dogs had a history of tick infestation (79%) at some point in their lives. Clinical signs showed non-typical manifestations like fever, lethargy, diarrhoea, epistaxis, hind limb edema, and corneal opacity. Haematological studies revealed anaemia and thrombocytopenia along with neutrophilia with relative lymphopenia and monocytosis. A decreasing trend was observed in the levels of total protein and albumin, with an increase in the levels of globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. The ultrasonography studies revealed hepatosplenomegaly along with hyper-echogenicity in various organs. Proteinuria and haematuria were consistent, along with the presence of bile salts in the urine of affected dogs. Molecular confirmation from n-type PCR data using Ehrlichia-specific primers targeting the p28 gene (843 bp) was done, and the identified gene sequences submitted to NCBI databases have accession numbers OQ383671-OQ383674 and OP886674-OP886677. Ticks collected from dogs were identified morphologically through microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as Rhipicephalus sanguineus .

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) for the Treatment of Type I ROP.

Author

Gudu RK, Das MK, Jena P, and Panda SK

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Infant, Newborn, Female, Male, India, Treatment Outcome, Bevacizumab therapeutic use, Laser Coagulation methods, Intravitreal Injections, Retinopathy of Prematurity drug therapy, Retinopathy of Prematurity therapy, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A antagonists & inhibitors, Angiogenesis Inhibitors therapeutic use
Abstract

This retrospective study evaluated the trends in the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for the treatment of type-1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during two periods - 2016-2019 (epoch A) and 2020-2022 (epoch B) in a neonatal unit of India. The study also compared the efficacy of anti-VEGF and laser therapies. Anti-VEGF was used in 8 (12.2%) out of 66 eyes treated during epoch A and 54 (75%) out of 72 eyes during epoch B (P = 0.001). The proportion of eyes in which ROP regressed with a single attempt of laser and anti-VEGF therapies was 8/20 (40%) and 7/15 (46.6%) respectively for the disease in zone 1 and aggressive-posterior ROP (P = 0.70) and 46/66 (69.6%) and 17/37 (45.9%) respectively for the disease in zone 2 (P = 0.018). There was a trend towards an increase in the use of anti-VEGF for ROP management over time. Anti-VEGF showed equal efficacy as laser for zone 1 ROP and AP-ROP, but laser therapy was better for zone 2 ROP., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Large scale screening and quantification of micropollutants in fish from the coastal waters of Cochin, India: Analytical method development and health risk assessment.

Author

Nazar N, Athira AS, Devi Krishna R, Panda SK, Banerjee K, and Chatterjee NS

Subjects
Animals, Risk Assessment, India, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Endocrine Disruptors analysis, Pesticides analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Fishes
Abstract

Urban estuarine and coastal water receive several micropollutants through industrial and agricultural influxes. The bioaccumulation of these micropollutants in fish and their entry into the coastal population's food chain raises significant food safety concerns. Hence, a comprehensive analytical method was developed for ultra-trace level quantification of 345 micropollutants in fish. The optimized sample preparation method could extract compounds suitable for both GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis simultaneously. The target list of contaminants included 278 agricultural pesticides and also 102 endocrine disruptors covering polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorines, and endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The GC-MS/MS with large volume injection (LVI) technique, and LC-MS/MS operating in MRM mode, achieved an LOQ of <2.00 ng/g for most of the analytes. The extraction strategy involved tri-phase partitioning between water, acidified acetonitrile, and hexane, followed by salting out. Dispersive solid phase cleanup (dSPE) with C18, Z-Sep+, CaCl 2 , and MgSO 4 was able to reduce the matrix influence, and the method achieved satisfactory recovery in the range of 70.0-120.0 % for all the target analytes. The repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviation values of the measured analytes were <20.0 %, and the Horwitz ratio values were well below 2. The method was used to accurately measure the target micropollutants in fish from the Cochin estuary, the highly urbanized portion of the Vembanad Lake, and an important Ramsar site. At least one or more of the 41 different micropollutants were identified and quantified in about 90.7 % of the 108 samples analyzed. The importance of large-scale screening and trace-level quantification methods in environmental monitoring and risk assessment is underscored by the results. The risk assessment showed a moderate risk of exposure to the nearby coastal population through the food chain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee reports financial support was provided by Science and Engineering Research Board. Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee reports financial support was provided by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results