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Istraživanja flore otoka i otočića u Nacionalnom parku Kornati autorica radi u zadnjih 30-ak godina. U ovome radu istraživani su otoci Piškera i Lavsa te otočići Gustac uz Blitvicu, Blitvica, Veseljuh, Vela i Mala Panitula. Cilj rada bio je izdvojiti medonosne vrste iz sastava flore tih otoka i otočića jer je na otoku Piškeri stacionirani pčelinjak s 30 zajednica. Medonosna flora ovih otoka i otočića obuhvaća 116 svojti (104 vrste, 10 podvrsta, jedan varijetet i jedna vrsta roda Tamarix) u okviru 42 porodice. Prema brojnosti svojti ističu se porodice Fabaceae (16 svojti), Lamiaceae (15 svojti) i Rosaceae (12 svojti). Vrste Salvia officinalis L. i Clematis flammula L. (bogate nektarom) te Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ilex L., Cistus salviifolius L. i Olea europaea L. (bogate peludom) obraštaju velike površine na istraživanom području i bogata su pčelinja paša., The research of the flora of islands and islets in The National Park Kornati has been performed by the author during last about 30 years. Research in this article comprises islands Piškera and Lavsa, and islets Gustac near Blitvica, Blitvica, Veseljuh, Vela and Mala Panitula. The aim of the study was to single out honey plants of the flora of those islands/islets because on island Piškera there is a stationary apiary with 30 communities. The flora of honey plants of these islands and islets comprises 116 taxa (104 species, 10 subspecies, one variety and one species of the genus Tamarix) from 42 plants families. With their taxa abundance families Fabaceae (16 taxa), Lamiaceae (15 taxa) and Rosaceae (12 taxa) stand out. Species Salvia officinalis L. and Clematis flammula L. (nectar-rich) and Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ile L., Cistus salviifolius L. and Olea europaea L. (pollen-rich) overgrow big surfaces on the investigated area and make a rich bee pasture.

We investigated the floristic richness of ruderal sites along the newly built access roads to Pelješac Bridge after several years of construction and three months of traffic on the roads (in autumn 2022). A clear dominance of steno-Mediterranean plants was observed, with a considerable proportion of cosmopolitans, accompanied by a high proportion of therophytes. Taxa from the vegetation classes Artemisietea vulgaris and Chenopodietea predominated. This study analyzes preliminary data and can be used as a basis for a further examination of how plant colonization processes are influenced by human activities. This report can also support comprehensive phytosociological studies of ruderal communities in this area, as well as in other regions with a Mediterranean climate.

The islet of Ošljak on the eastern Adriatic coast is a part of the Zadar Archipelago in the North Dalmatia. It is situated in the Zadar Channel between the city of Zadar and the island of Ugljan. The islet has an area of 0.34 km2 , with a coastline length of 2.25 km, and a maximum altitude of 89 m a.s.l. The lithology consists of highly permeable Cretaceous and Paleogene limestones. The climate is Mediterranean, with mild and rainy winters and hot summers (Csa type of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system). In this Eu-Mediterranean zone, climazonal vegetation of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) represents special value and a particular asset. In 1985, the islet was declared as the Significant Landscape. On the higher altitudes, macchia and the abandoned arable areas occur. On the eastern slopes, the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands are developed. The Aleppo pine was planted especially after World War II. The flora of Ošljak is almost unknown. The oldest data date back to the early 19th century, when Host (Host in Visiani 1826) reported 15 plant taxa. Visiani (1842-1852) in Flora Dalmatica lists three other taxa: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum Moric.) C. Koch, Prasium majus L. and Teucrium flavum L. Until now, plant taxa list is not completed. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2022 in different seasons. Altogether, 350 taxa were recorded on the islet. Among them, several are endemics (Rhamnus intermedia Steud. et Hochst, Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip., etc.) and endangered taxa (Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. ; Critically Endangered taxon) and Salsola soda L. ; Vulnerable taxon). Several orchids (Orchidaceae) were also found, i.e., Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Ophrys bertolonii Moretti, O. liburnica Devillers et Devillers-Tersch. and Serapias parviflora Parl. The present study offers a contribution to the knowledge of the insular vascular flora, a description of the vegetation units, and phytogeographical comments. The floristic data have been used to analyze life-form and chorological spectra and to assess species- area relationship, the occurrence of islet specialists and to assess the risk of alien plant invasion.

Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) è conosciuta ed utilizzata sin dai tempi antichi per le sue proprietà terapeutiche e come alimento. Per questo, S. officinalis è stata diffusa e coltivata in quasi tutta Europa (Euro+Med. 2006‐ 2021). È stato tuttavia ipotizzato che il suo centro di origine sia prossimo alla sua attuale distribuzione naturale nei Balcani occidentali (Stojanović et al. 2015). In quest’area geografica, S. officinalis è molto diffusa e penetra in molti tipi di vegetazione, come ad esempio in quella delle pareti rocciose o di gariga, ma diventa molto fre‐ quente e spesso dominante in alcune tipologie di praterie della fascia Mediterranea. Ad oggi, sono state studiate diverse associazioni a S. officinalis, in diversi paesi, dall’Italia nord‐orientale (la cui vegetazione è biogeografi‐ camente affine a quella dei Balcani occidentali), alla Croazia, Serbia, Bosnia ed Erzegovina, Montenegro, Repub‐ blica della Macedonia del Nord, fino all’Albania. Ciononostante, in molte aree le conoscenze fitosociologiche sulle praterie a S. officinalis sono ancora insufficienti per la mancanza di un adeguato numero di rilievi. Il presente lavoro è finalizzato alla revisione sintassonomica delle praterie a S. officinalis sulla base di circa 262 rilievi fito‐ sociologici, di cui 175 già pubblicati in letteratura scientifica e 87 nuovi, realizzati nel periodo 2015‐2019, in due aree poco indagate, Montenegro e il Parco Nazionale di Kornati. Il data‐set di rilievi è stato sottoposto a clas‐ sificazione gerarchica (metodo di Ward) ed il conseguente dendrogramma è stato tagliato in modo da ottenere 16 gruppi principali di rilievi. A questi 16 gruppi è stata applicata l’Analisi delle Specie Indicatrici (Dufrêne, Le‐ gendre 1997). I risultati sono stati interpretati in chiave sintassonomica. Le comunità a S. officinalis sono state raggruppate in 7 associazioni principali, di cui quattro già menzionate in letteratura, e tre descritte per la prima volta. L’associazione Stipo Salvietum officinalis Horvatić 1963 risulta quella maggiormente diffusa sul versante Adriatico della Penisola Balcanica e si presenta con due subassociazioni e diverse varianti, spesso interpretabili come stadi lungo la serie di successione. In alcune aree del nord Adriatico, come il Carso Triestino, in Italia, o vi‐ cino Fiume, in Croazia, lo Stipo Salvietum officinalis è sostituito dal Salvio officinalis Euphorbietum fragiferae Lausi et Poldini 1962. In Dalmazia, un’altra associazione si rinviene nella fascia Eu‐ Mediterranea con comunità a S. officinalis e Brachypodium retusum, e altre associazioni a quote maggiori, nei rilievi montuosi dell’Isola di Hvar o della penisola di Peljesac (Croazia). Tutte queste associazioni sono tradizionalmente riunite nell’alleanza Chrysopogono grylli Koelerion splendentis Horvatić 1973. Si propone ora il loro inquadramento nella classe He lianthemo cani Seslerietea nitidae (Terzi et al. in press). L’associazione Artemisio albae‐Salvietum officinalis Gre‐ benščikov 1950, descritta per il sud della Serbia (presso Sicévo), è differenziata dalle associazioni del Chrysopogono Koelerion splendentis da molte specie indicatrici, diverse delle quali sono diagnostiche dell’al‐ leanza Saturejion montanae Horvat in Horvat et al. 1974 (ordine Stipo pulcherrimae Festucetalia pallentis Pop 1968 nom. conserv. propos.). Pertanto questa associazione è mantenuta nella classe Festuco Brometea erecti Braun‐ Blanquet et Tüxen ex Klika et Hadač 1944. Le comunità del sud dell’Albania, con S. officinalis e Phlomis fruticosa, sono invece ascritte agli Ononido Rosmarinetea Br.‐Bl. in A. Bolos y Vayreda 1950. Nel complesso, que‐ sto lavoro fornisce un primo inquadramento generale delle comunità a S. officinalis nell’area Balcanica. Conte‐ stualmente, i risultati ottenuti evidenziano la necessità di nuovi studi in aree di particolare interesse biogeografico (es. Monte Orjen, al confine tra Montenegro e Bosnia ed Erzegovina) per le quali sono disponibili pochi dati fitosociologici. L’inquadramento sintassonomico, qui proposto in via provvisoria, andrebbe inoltre valutato ad un livello di scala maggiore (cioè prendendo in considerazioni territori più ampi), ad esempio con‐ frontando le comunità balcaniche con quelle dell’Italia Peninsulare.

A phytosociological investigation of spontaneous vegetation on seven-year-old ferro- manganese and silico-manganese slag heaps in southern Croatia showed a predominance of ruderals and weeds (Chenopodietea, Artemisietea vulgaris) and taxa of dry open habitats (Festuco-Brometea, Sedo- Scleranthetea). The limited number and cover of woody taxa seem to indicate an early successional stage in the process of development of natural vegetation. However, we recommend removing the heaps from the area and initiating soil remediation according to Croatian law, EU standards and obligations.

Otok Rivanj (4, 4 km2 ; 15 stanovnika) i Sestrica mala (0, 03 km2) nalaze se u zadarskom arhipelagu između Sestrunja i Ugljana. Prve florističke podatke za Rivanj navodi Horvatić istražujući vegetaciju bušika. U tri fitocenološke snimke navodi 24 svojte. Tijekom 2019. obavljena su floristička i vegetacijska istraživanja Rivnja i Sestrice male. Za Rivanj je zabilježeno oko 400, a za Sestricu malu 66 biljnih svojti. Morske cvjetnice naseljavaju muljevito-pjeskovita dna. U uvali Lokvina je asocijacija Cymodoceetum nodosae Feldman 1937, a između otoka asocijacija Posidonietum oceanicae Funk 1927. U halofitskoj zoni na položenim stijenama fragmentarno je razvijena asocijacija Plantagini-Limonietum cancellati Horvatić (1934) 1939, a na muljevitoj podlozi asocijacija Puccinellio festucaeformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae (Br.- Bl. 1928) Géhu 1967. Na otoku Rivnju po naselju ruderalna vegetacija pripada asocijaciji Hoordeetum leporini Braun-Blanquet 1936, a korovna asocijaciji Tribulo terrestri- Amaranthetum graecizans Hodak 1962 ex Pandža, Franjić et Škvorc 2005. U šumskoj vegetaciji su različiti razvojni stupnjevi od asocijacije Myrto communis- Pistacietum lentisci (Molinier 1954) Rivas- Martínez 1975 na Sestrici maloj do asocijacija: Erico arboreae-Arbutetum unedonis Allier et Lacoste ex Foggi et Grigioni 1999, Pistacio lentisci-Juniperetum phoeniceae Trinajstić 1987, Pistacio lentisci-Pinetum halepensis De Marco, Veri et Caneva 1984. Floristička i vegetacijska istraživanja se nastavljaju.

Phytosociological investigation of the spontaneous vegetation was carried out on seven years old ferro-manganese and silico-manganese slag heaps at the area of the former Electrode and Ferroalloy Factory in the city of Šibenik and the landfill in the village of Biljane Donje, south Croatia, in May 2018. There were 64 plant taxa in total. Two non-indigenous species were noted: Papaver rhoeas L. and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist. The latter species was considered invasive. Ruderals and weeds that are characteristic for the phytosociological classes Chenopodietea and Artemisietea vulgaris, as well as taxa of dry open habitats (the classes Festuco-Brometea and Sedo- Scleranthetea) were dominant in the vegetation. In addition, a limited number and cover of woody taxa suggests the presence of an early successional stage in the process of development of natural vegetation. However, we recommend removing the heaps from the area and initiating soil remediation according to Croatian laws, EU standards and obligations.

The aim of this study is to classify and describe the plant communities found on the city walls in two Dalmatian cities - Split and Dubrovnik, including neighbouring islands of Lokrum, Mrkan and Šipan. The walls were surveyed in the period 1980-2017 using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on the 75 phytosociological relevés available from the literature and our own, and using TWINSPAN, we identified and described ten floristically and ecologically distinctive vegetation communities. According to the EuroVegChecklist, the plant associations were included within the two alliances: Cymbalario-Asplenion Segal 1969 and Galio valantiae-Parietarion judaicae Rivas Martínez ex O. de Bolòs 1967. Two associations were included within the Cymbalario-Asplenion (Linario cymbalariae-Parietarietum ramiflorae Pignatti 1952 and Erysimetum cheiri Segal 1962). Within the Galio valantiae-Parietarion judaicae alliance they were Asplenio trichomanis- Cotyledonetum horizontalis Horvatić ex Birać 1973, Linario-Erigeronetum mucronati Segal 1969, Resedo albae-Antirrhinetum majoris Trinajstić 2008, Capparidetum rupestris O. de Bolòs et Molinier 1958, Hyoscyamo albi-Parietarietum judaicae Segal 1969, Adianto-Parietarietum judaicae Segal 1969, Oxalido-Parietarietum judaicae (Braun-Blanquet 1952) Segal 1969 and Centranthus ruber community. Some others plant associations were found (e.g. Centaureetum ragusinae Horvat ex Terzi et al. 2017, Cymbalario-Crithmetum maritimi Segal 1969, etc.), but they have different ecological features and have been included within other vegetation types (e.g. the classes Asplenietea trichomanis (Braun-Blanquet in Meier et Braun-Blanquet 1934) Oberdorfer 1977, Crithmo-Staticetea Braun-Blanquet in Braun-Blanquet et al. 1952, etc.). In two coastal Dalmatian cities, the presence of the chasmophytic vegetation i) with a prevalently Mediterranean distribution (Galio valantiae- Parietarion judaicae), and ii) widespread in the atlantic to subcontinental regions of cool- temperate Europe (Cymbalario-Asplenion) were revealed.

The aim of this study is to classify and describe the plant communities found on the city walls in eight Croatian historical cities situated along the eastern Adriatic Sea: Pula, Rijeka, Zadar, Šibenik, Trogir, Split, Ston and Dubrovnik. The research was carried out in the period 2015-2016 using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Based on the 152 phytosociological relevés and using TWINSPAN, we identified and described 10 floristically and ecologically distinctive vegetation communities within the two alliances: Cymbalario-Asplenion Segal 1969 and Galio valantiae-Parietarion judaicae Rivas Martínez ex O. de Bolòs 1967. Two associations were included within the Cymbalario- Asplenion (Linario cymbalariae-Parietarietum ramiflorae Pignatti 1952 and Erysimetum cheiri Segal 1962). The association Linario cymbalariae- Parietarietum ramiflorae (=Cymbalarietum muralis Görs ex Oberdorfer 1967) is a pioneer community of vertical wall surfaces. Other associations considered in the present study are grouped in the Galio valantiae-Parietarion judaicae alliance. They were Asplenio trichomanis-Cotyledonetum horizontalis Horvatić ex Birać 1973 (including both subassociations: umbilicetosum horizontalis Trinajstić ex Terzi et al. 2017 and veronicetosum cymbalariae Trinajstić ex Terzi et al. 2017), Linario-Erigeronetum mucronati Segal 1969, Resedo albae-Antirrhinetum majoris Trinajstić 2008, Capparidetum rupestris O. de Bolòs et Molinier 1958, Hyoscyamo albi-Parietarietum judaicae Segal 1969, Adianto-Parietarietum judaicae Segal 1969, Oxalido-Parietarietum judaicae (Braun-Blanquet 1952) Segal 1969, and community with Centranthus ruber. In addition, the Cymbalario-Crithmetum maritimi Segal 1969 and Centaureetum ragusinae Horvat ex Terzi et al. 2017 associations were found on the city walls exposed to the sea in Dubrovnik and Split, respectively, participating in the formation of rupicolous vegetation of salt- sprayed coastal cliffs communities (Crithmo- Staticetea Braun-Blanquet in Braun-Blanquet et al. 1952), and of chasmophytic vegetation of the class Asplenietea trichomanis (Braun-Blanquet in Meier et Braun-Blanquet 1934) Oberdorfer 1977. Alongside the high cultural-historical values of the walls, these plant communties are also an important part of the region’s natural heritage. In order to conserve local biodiversity, the managers needs to consider limiting removal of existing plants from the walls.

Karta na kojoj su prikazana prirodna i poluprirodna ne-šumska kopnena te slatkovodna staništa Republike Hrvatske na Bioportalu Ministarstva gospodarstva i održivog razvoja, Zavoda za zaštitu okoliša i prirode.

Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as Spanish broom, is a perennial shrub, native to the Mediterranean region and south-western Europe. According to the Croatian National Habitat Classification, stands with Spartium junceum on a flysch substrate (D.3.3) are classified as Mediterranean thickets (D.3). The floristic composition of these stands in Croatia is completely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate floristic composition of stands with Spartium junceum on a flysch substrate in the Župa dubrovačka region. Župa dubrovačka has a surface area of 22.81 km² (altitude ranging from 0 to 628 m a.s.l.) and a population of 8460 people. The research was carried out during 2016 using the Braun Blanquet (1964) approach. The plot size was set at 50 m2. Nomenclature of plant taxa follows Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1964-1980, 1993). The Spartium junceum-stands are developed as low (2-4 m), dense, impenetrable shurb formation, mostly on southern expositions with the cover of 80-100%. These stands are under significant antropogenic influence (fires, cutting, grazing, urbanisation). They occupy large areas, often with temporary or permanent watercourses and include a relatively small number of species. These stands are characterized by the dominance of Spartium junceum. Among other species, elmleaf blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) has a relatively high cover and frequency. Some of the most frequent taxa were: Arundo plinii Turra, Psoralea bituminosa L. Dactylis glomerata L. ssp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman etc. The ground layer is extremely poor in species, due to strong shading. This study presents the first detailed data on floral composition of the stands with Spartium junceum on the eastern Adriatic coast. Although Spartium junceum stands do not have economic value in the study area, their role in local ecology (eg. to prevent soil erosion) and the aesthetics of landscape seems to be important.

Župa Dubrovačka is one of the Croatian region less known from geobotanical point of view. The aim of this research is to carry out a phytosociological study of the area. Study area (surface area of 22.81 km², altitude ranging 0-628 m a.s.l.) is characterized by complex geomorphological features (steep hillsides, agricultural terraces on slopes, occurrence of intermittent or permanent springs, etc.) and wide substrata diversity. The coast (cliffs, rocky and pebble beaches) has a total length of 11.4 km. Sea depths in Župa Dubrovačka Bay are between 2 and 48 m. The area has 8, 300 year-round inhabitants (estimated 2011), but this number increases several-fold in summer. Vegetation analyses were mainly focused on the forest community and allowed the physiognomic and structural description of the climatophilous and edaphoxerophilous forest vegetation (holm oak forests), edaphohygrophilous forest vegetation (deciduous forest communities of Populus spp. and Salix spp.), evergreen shrublands (maquis formations), garrigues, perennial grasslands and azonal (psammophilous, rupicolous, riparian) vegetation. The vegetation analysis was performed using the phytosociological method of the Zürich-Montpellier sigmatist school (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Output of the phytosociological study is a syntaxonomic diversity. Setting the syntaxonomic scheme of the vegetation was our secondary objective. Finally, the plant communities of the Župa Dubrovačka region are the direct result of many ecological factors, such as the nature of the substrate, climatic conditions, which vary depending on the aspect, elevation, etc. The ancient human actions especially grazing, fire and cutting, and more recently the urbanization of the coastal zone excludes any possibility of recovery of woody vegetation and is causing a severe fragmentation on the plant landscape.

Župa dubrovačka is one of the Croatian region less known from botanical point of view. In 2016, a two-years project has started with the aim to investigate flora, presence of alien plants in particular, and current status of the habitats in the area. Study area (surface area of 22.81 km² with an altitude ranging from 0- 628 m a.s.l.) is characterized by complex geomorphological features (steep hillsides, agricultural terraces on slopes, occurrence of intermittent or permanent springs, etc.) and substrata diversity. The coast (cliffs, rocky and pebble beaches) has a total length of 11.4 km. The area has 8, 300 year-round inhabitants (estimated 2011), but this number increases several-fold in summer. Until now, 20 alien plant taxa have been noted. These were: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Amaranthus deflexus L., A. hybridus L., A. retroflexus L., Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron., Bidens subalternans DC., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker, Datura innoxia Mill., D. stramonium L., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Helianthus tuberosus L., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., P. paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn., Phytolacca americana L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Xanthium strumarium L. ssp. italicum (Moretti) D. Löve. The region is affected by strong anthropogenic influences, especially grazing, fire and cutting, and more recently the urbanization of the coastal zone. These features certainly contribute to the richness of alien flora.

This paper presents the distribution of the rare plant species Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire in Croatia. During our study, previous records on the Pelješac peninsula were confirmed, and new records were found, extending the Croatian areal to the southern slopes of Svilaja Mt. The species was found to be affiliated with calcareous rocky habitats (screes, rocky pastures and shrublands). Additionally, discrete identification keys were proposed, for the identification of vegetative and flowering as well as fructifying plants.

The aim of this study is to describe and classify the stands with a predominance of Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. (Asteraceae) for the first time in Croatia. The stands were investigated in south Croatian region of Dalmatia in 2015. In this study, the Picrido hieracioidis-Cirsietum candelabri Jasprica, Milović & Pandža 2015 is described and proposed as a new association, belonging to the Dauco carotae-Melilotion albi alliance, the Onopordetalia acanthii order and the Artemisietea vulgaris class. This association is developed along roadsides mostly on freshly filled deposits of construction waste. It occupies intensively sunny and extremely dry habitats. The syntaxonomy of the association is discussed and some comparison with the Cirsietum candelabri Matvejeva ex Čarni, Kostadinovski & Matevski 2001 association from Republic of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is made.

The natural range of a species Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. (Asteraceae) comprises the territory of the Balkans (Balkan endemic): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria and south-west Romania. Outside of its natural range, C. candelabrum has recently been found in the European part of Turkey, in Slovenia and Croatia. First findings in Croatia were reported from south Croatian region of Dalmatia in 2008 and 2010 by Jasenka Topić. The species was included, based on these findings, in „Flora Croatica“ Database in 2008. In summer 2014, we were looking for the localities of C. candelabrum in Dalmatia, from the hinterland of cities of Split and Makarska to the border area between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A large number of new localities (50) was found, mainly on industrial zone of Dugopolje and along the roads leading towards border crossings of settlements of Aržano and Kamensko. The results indicate the spread of this plant in the hinterland of Dalmatia from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The plant grows in ruderal habitats along roads, especially when the natural vegetation has been removed by means of road building or reconstruction. Monitoring can help us to understand whether the latest findings of C. candelabrum on localities outside its natural range is only a temporary phenomenon or is it the beginning of its invasive spread. So far, it occurs only on anthropogenic habitats and shows no tendency to spread on agricultural land or natural habitats and vegetation.

The flora of the two islets, Veliki Lagan (surface area of 2.16 ha) and Mali Lagan (1.04 ha), located along the north-west coast of Dugi otok island, was researched for the first time in 2014. Altogether, there were 39 species and subspecies within 37 genera and 21 families. There were 35 and 24 taxa on Veliki Lagan and Mali Lagan, respectively. Therophytes (43.59 %) andplants of the Mediterranean floral element (43.59 %) prevailed on both islets. This highlighted the Mediterranean character of the flora.

The island of Pašman belongs to the archipelago of Zadar in northern Dalmatia. From 2010 to 2012 the vascular flora of the island of Pašman has been studied. It have been recorded 745 species and 629 of them occurs naturally or are spontaneously spread from culture (556 species and 73 subspecies of 366 genera and 94 families). The rest of 116 species occurs only in cultures. From 745 species, 27 were previously recorded, while 718 are stated for the first time in these studies. The most abundant families are Fabaceae (12.72%), Poaceae (11.13%), Asteraceae (6.84%) and Cichoriaceae (6.04%). In the spectrum of life forms the most abundant are Therophytes (45.47%) followed by Hemikryptophytes (25.12%) as expected. The analysis of floral elements shows the highest share of Mediterranean plants (41.02%). There is a significant number of Southern European plants (17.33%) and widespread plants (15.74%). In the Mediterranean floral element the most common are the general Mediterranean plants (26.71%), but particularly important are the Illyrian-Adriatic plants (16 species, 2.55%). In the flora of the island of Pašman 15 species are red listed. Lathyrus ochrus is critically endangered, five of them are endangered: Carex extensa, Delphinium peregrinum, Glaucium flavum, Hibiscus trionum and Ophrys apifera, and nine of them have the status of vulnerable species. Of special value is rich orchid flora, which mainly found on open and sun-exposed habitats such as rocky grasslands and pastures, sparse garrigues and maintained olive orchards. The results show that the island of Pašman has a rich and diverse flora which can be interpreted as a result of its specific phytogeographic position and long-term, but extensive human impact.

Otok Vrgada s okolnim otočićima i fridima pripada zadarskom arhipelagu. Floristička istraživanja na 14 vrgadskih otočića i hridi obavljena su tijekom 2009. i proljeća 2010. godine. Šumsku vegetaciju na otočićima gradi makija tršlje i somine (as. Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae Trinajstić 1987), a na Murvenjaku i Rakiti makija crnike s mirtom (Myrto-Quercetum ilicis (H-ić 1963) Trinajstić 1985). Na grebenima i položenim stijenama uz more zastupljena je halofitska vegetacija trputca i mrižice (as. Plantagini-Limonietum cancellati H-ić (1934) 1939), a na muljevitim tlima Murvenjaka as. Puccinellio festucaeformi-Sarcocornietum fruticosae (Br.-Bl. 1928) Géhu 1967. Zabilježene su 252 svojte vaskularne flore, najviše na otočiću Gira (124 svojte), najmanje na hridi Kamičić, južno od Vrgade (7) dok na hridi Lončarić nije pronađena niti jedna svojta. Pronađeno je sedam vrsta iz „Crvene knjige vaskularne flore Hrvatske“, od kojih su dvije ugrožene (Carex divisa Huds. i Glaucium flavum Crantz) te pet osjetljivih svojti (Desmazeria marina (L.) Druce, Pharapholis incurva (L.) C. E. Hubb., Salsola kali L., S. soda L. i Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort.). Svojim florističkim sastavom posebno se ističe otočić Rakita, na kojoj su zabilježene dvije vrste orhideja (Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. i Serapias parviflora Parl.) te tri endemične vrste (Limonium cancellatum (Bernh.) Kuntze, Seseli tomentosum Vis. i Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. ssp. adriaticum (Beck) Markgr.). Iako se radi o nenaseljenim otočićima, značajan je broj ruderalnih vrsta koje su na ove otoke prenesene galebovima, koji se na njima gnijezde.

Prirodni areal vrste Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. (Asteraceae) obuhvaća područje Balkana sa zapadnom granicom na području Bosne i Hercegovine. Kao adventivna vrsta, nedavno je zabilježena u europskom dijelu Turske, u Sloveniji i u Hrvatskoj. Prve nalaze za Hrvatsku navodi Jasenka Topić, koja u razdoblju 2008. – 2010. biljku pronalazi na nekoliko lokaliteta u srednjoj Dalmaciji: Imotski, uz cestu Zagvozd – Imotski te uz autocestu A1 (Vučevica, Zagvozd, Zagvozd – Ravča). Na temelju ovih nalaza vrsta je od 2008. uvrštena u Flora Croatica Database. Pretpostavljajući da je biljka u Hrvatsku unesena iz susjedne Bosne i Hercegovine, tijekom ljeta 2014. detaljnije smo istražili granično područje od Kamenskog na sjeveru do Metkovića (Doljani) na jugu. Zabilježen je velik broj novih nalazišta, najviše uzduž cesta prema graničnim prijelazima Aržano i Kamensko, što ukazuje na širenje ove vrste u zaleđu srednje Dalmacije. Raste na ruderalnim staništima uz rubove cesta, naročito na mjestima gdje je zbog gradnje i rekonstrukcije cesta odstranjena prirodna vegetacija. Biljka proizvodi ogromne količine sitnih roški s rasperanim papusom koje se lako rasprostranjuju vjetrom ili cestovnim vozilima na područja koja su znatno udaljena od mjesta prvobitnog rasta. Najnoviji nalazi na području Hrvatske, Slovenije i Turske ukazuju na mogući početak invazivnog širenja vrste Cirsium candelabrum s područja Balkana u druge dijelove Europe i Azije.

Turkestanski brijest (Ulmus pinnato-ramosa Dieck ex Koehne) drvo je porijeklom iz srednje Azije, koje je zbog brzog rasta i otpornosti na holandsku bolest brijestova rašireno u uzgoju u Europi. U hortikulturnoj literaturi uglavnom se navodi kao varijetet sibirskog brijesta, U. pumila L. var. arborea Litwinow (MITCHELL, 1974 ; YEO, 1989). Iz Italije je 1933. prenesen u Hrvatsku, na područje Splita, a zatim i u druga naselja u Dalmaciji (TRINAJSTIĆ, 2001). U početku ga hrvatski botaničari navode kao sibirski brijest (U. pumila), a tek u novije vrijeme TRINAJSTIĆ (2001) zaključuje da je brijest koji se uzgaja u Dalmaciji turkestanski brijest (U. pinnato-ramosa). Kako je tek nedavno uvršten u popis flore Hrvatske, rasprostranjenost mu je bila slabo istražena. Zbog toga smo u razdoblju 2012. – 2014. proveli detaljna istraživanja raširenosti ovoga brijesta u kulturi, kao i sposobnosti njegova širenja izvan kulture. Pronađen je na približno 200 lokaliteta u Dalmaciji, na području od Zadra na sjeveru do Makarske na jugu, s najvećim brojem nalazišta u Šibeniku i okolici. Na približno 2/3 lokaliteta, uz primjerke u kulturi pronađene su i samonikle populacije, dok su na 1/3 lokaliteta pronađene samo samonikle populacije, među kojima je desetak nalazišta s preko 100 jedinki. Rezultati pokazuju da je turkestanski brijest u Dalmaciji vrlo raširen kako u kulturi, tako i izvan kulture. Veći broj nalaza samoobnavljajućih populacija znatno udaljenih od primjeraka u kulturi pokazuje da se turkestanski brijest u Dalmaciji može kategorizirati kao udomaćena invazivna svojta (prema RICHARDSON i sur., 2000). Invazivno širenje je za sada ograničeno na ruderalna staništa po naseljima, uz rubove cesta i zapuštene poljoprivredne površine.

Senecio inaequidens DC. (Asteraceae) is a neophyte of South African origin, accidentally introduced in wool exports to Europe at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Since the 1970s it has spread rapidly in Central, West and South Europe. After the recently published finding in Hrvatsko Zagorje (Sv. Križ Začretje), two new sites from Dalmatia (Dicmo and Biograd) are presented in this paper. Because of the appropriate climate and a large number of suitable habitats, we can expect that S. inaequidens will become naturalized and will expand in Croatia.

In this work the non-native flora of the town of Omiš was analysed. It numbers 84 taxa, which equals 13.68% of the complete flora of the city of Omiš (614 taxa). Non-native taxa present exclusively in culture were not analysed in this work. The most common family is Asteraceae s. str. (16 taxa ; 19.05%) and the most common genus is Amaranthus w ith six species. T he predominant life forms are t herophytes (42.86%) and phanerophytes (32.14%). The prevalence of non-native taxa was recorded on arable surfaces (59 of taxa) and ruderal habitats (51 of taxa). According to the naturalisation status, the most dominant are casual taxa (57.14%) and according to the mode of introduction the most numerous are deliberately introduced taxa (63.10%). Most non-native taxa originate in America (47.62 %), followed by those that originate in Asia (29.76%).

Tijekom proljeća i u ljeto 2013. intenzivno smo istraživali floru na planini Svilaji (1508 m n.v.). Svilaja je planina u Dalmatinskoj Zagori i sastavni je dio NATURA 2000 mreže s vrijednim ilirskim bukovim šumama (Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1938) Törek et al. 1989), istočnomediteranskim suhim travnjacima (Scorzoneretalia villosae Horvatić 1975) te mnogim špiljama i jamama. Planina je floristički još uvijek slabo istražena. Strmije sjeveroistočne padine iznad Cetine su većinom obrasle šumama bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) i planinskog javora (Acer obtusatum Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.), koje su dijelom uništene požarima. Suhi i položeni jugozapadni obronci prema Drnišu su mozaično prekriveni šikarama crnog graba (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) i niskim kamenitim travnjacima. Cilj našeg rada bio je detaljnije floristički istražiti područje od Štikova do Maovica na sjeveru te od Sinjskog Zelova do iznad planinarskog doma Orlove Stine (1139 m) na jugu. U visinskom rasponu istraživano područje obuhvaća pojas od 400 do 1150 m. Floristička istraživanja provedena su standardnom metodom (Nikolić et al. 1998). Podaci su pohranjeni u bazu podataka Flora Croatica Database. Analiziran je taksonomski sastav, životni oblici i florni elementi biljaka te fitocenološka pripadnost. Flora je istraživana na različitim tipovima staništa: u šumama i šikarama medunca te crnog graba (sveze Aremonio-Fagion i Ostryo carpinifoliae-Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1959) i u zajednicama kamenjarskih pašnjaka i suhih travnjaka (Scorzoneretalia villosae Horvatić 1975). Tijekom proljeća utvrđena su brojna nalazišta proljetnica, kao što su Fritillaria orientalis Adams, Narcissus radiiflorus Salisb., Hyacinthella dalmatica (Baker) Chouard, Pulsatilla grandis Wender., Tulipa sylvestris L. i dr. U šumskoj vegetaciji to su bile sljedeće vrste: Erythronium dens-canis L., Anemone nemorosa L., Corydalis solida (L.) Swartz, i dr. Preliminarna istraživanja su pokazala veliku raznolikost flore s nizom vrijednih endemičnih, ugroženih i zaštićenih vrsta. Rezultati istraživanja prilog su poznavanju flore na planini te, istovremeno, korologiji biljnih vrsta u Hrvatskoj.