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Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital brain vascular abnormality that occurs when the embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen enlarges. It is typically detected during the second or third trimester of gestation through sonography. The diagnosis of VGAM usually occurs after 28 weeks of gestation, although very few cases have been reported in the second trimester. The prognosis of VGAM depends on factors such as ampullary volume, dilatation of the straight sinus, and severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Treatment options include endovascular neurointerventional techniques, such as embolisation with coils or glue, as well as managing associated conditions like hydrocephalus and congestive heart failure. This article presents a case where VGAM was diagnosed as early as 19 weeks through routine anomaly scanning. Advanced neurosonogram with three-dimensional reconstruction of the vascular structure of VGAM was performed. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a rare case of bilateral open lipped schizencephaly in a 23-year-old pregnant woman. The ultrasound and MRI findings revealed the absence of the cavum septum pellucidum, dilatation of the lateral ventricle, abnormal Sylvian fissure operculisation, and the presence of CSF-filled bilateral clefts extending from the subarachnoid spaces to the cerebral cortex. Due to the poor neurological outcome, the pregnancy was terminated. Genetic workup was done, and the results are pending. The article highlights the association of this disorder with genetic mutations. [Extracted from the article]