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Background:While modern humans seek ways to extend life expectancy, the necessity of advanced bioengineering tools for the production of effective human enhancement applications appears as compelling as ever.Objective:The technological future of Homo sapiens has been scheduled within a quantum environment and advanced physical interventions are imperative to occur in the anatomy of modern humans, including genetic improvement and human cloning. New terminologies and latest projects such as genome editing, mind uploading and tissue engineering applications for the growth of new organs are issues of discussion in this paper.Methods:Several advanced biotechnological methods are presented in this paper, including the 14-days rule, the 2045 Initiative project and the CRISPR technique and their social and ethical implications are discussed.Results:The exponential aging of the population results in rapidly increasing demands for next-generation drugs and innovative pharmaceutical products that target individualized genetic treatment, resulting in the emergence of controversial ethical and social implications in the forthcoming post-Homo sapiens Era.Conclusion:The next-generation ethics must be clarified, an interdisciplinary debate should be initiated, and all the different perspectives must be recorded and evaluated to adopt the most efficient practices for controversial topics like the potential digital immortality.

While frailty corresponds to a multisystem failure, geriatric assessment can recognize multiple pathophysiological lesions and age changes. Up to now, a few frailty indexes have been introduced, presenting definitions of psychological problems, dysregulations in nutritional intake, behavioral abnormalities, and daily functions, genetic, environmental, and cardiovascular comorbidities. The geriatric evaluation includes a vast range of health professionals; therefore, we describe a broad range of applications and frailty scales-biomarkers to investigate and formulate the relationship between frailty lesions, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Additionally, artificial intelligence applications and computational tools are presented, targeting a more efficacy individualized geriatric management of healthy aging.

A large number of neurodegenerative diseases, the age-related dementia, and the human frailty are caused, among others, from non-folding proteins and the aggregation of them leading to neuronal death. In the case of Alzheimer’s disease, a significant number of proteins like amyloid beta and tau seem to form unordered and problematic structures, leading through unknown mechanisms to pathological conditions and implications. Additionally, few studies have already shown the possibility of composing music sculptures retrieved from biological data, either for music audience or for cases of art therapy. In this study, we use a novel algorithm in order to present complex sound sculptures based on a hypothetical computerized interaction of amyloid beta and tau. The designed algorithm is completely adjustable, regarding several sound parameters, recognizing and emphasizing common patterns between the tested proteins for the generation of acoustic stimulus to the audience, and revealing Alzheimer’s complexity and tragedy.

While frailty and other multi-scale factors have to be correlated during a geriatric assessment, few prototype robots have already been developed in order to measure and provide real-time information, concerning elderly daily activities. Cognitive impairment and alterations on daily functions should be immediate recognized from caregivers, in order to be prevented and probably treated. In this chapter we recognize the necessity of artificial robots during the personal service of the elderly population, not only as a mobile laboratory-geriatrician, but mainly as a socialized digital humanoid able to develop social behavior and activate memories and emotions.

While frailty and other multi-scale factors have to be correlated during a geriatric assessment, few prototype robots have already been developed in order to measure and provide real-time information, concerning elderly daily activities. Cognitive impairment and alterations on daily functions should be immediate recognized from caregivers, in order to be prevented and probably treated. In this chapter we recognize the necessity of artificial robots during the personal service of the elderly population, not only as a mobile laboratory-geriatrician, but mainly as a socialized digital humanoid able to develop social behavior and activate memories and emotions.

While artificial intelligence combined with Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology offers a variety of improvements and a technological and healthcare revolution, Bioartists attempt to replace the traditional artistic medium with biological materials, bio-imaging techniques, bioreactors and several times to treat their own body as an alive canvas. BioArt seems to play the role of a new scientific curator in order to manipulate laboratory aesthetics and bridge trans-humanism creations with culture and tradition.