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ObjectivesIn order to truly reflect the damage characteristic of fusion neutron irradiation, it is necessary to carry out research on high-flux fusion neutron sources. As the first experimental device in the world that can realize cascaded magnetic compression with high compression ratio of field-reversed configuration plasma, the preliminary research device of magnetic confinement deuterium-deuterium fusion neutron source has important scientific significance. As one of the core components of the device, the magnetic compression magnet was designed to increase the magnetic induction intensity of the central magnetic field from 0 T to 7 T within 500 μs. Therefore, a design idea for the conductor part of the magnetic compression magnet was proposed.MethodsBased on the conductor design of magnet, the conductor stress was analyzed by finite element simulation software from the three aspects of conductor material selection, conductor turn distance and conductor radial thickness. The influence of conductor material conductivity, conductor turn distance and conductor radial thickness on conductor stress was obtained.ResultsThe design idea of the next magnet is determined. That is, the conductor material with low conductivity is appropriately selected within the allowable range of ohmic loss, the conductor turn spacing is appropriately increased by increasing the thickness of the insulation layer within the allowable range of axial space, and the radial thickness of the conductor is appropriately reduced within the allowable range of material stress to reduce the construction cost.ConclusionsWith the further development of the preliminary research device of neutron source project, the design ideas proposed in this paper can provide optimization direction for the design of magnetic compression magnet device.

BackgroundRehabilitation for schizophrenia typically relies on pharmacological interventions， yet their efficacy in improving social function and quality of life remains limited. In recent years， non-pharmacological approaches have shown promise in enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. However， research on the effectiveness of psychomotor therapy specifically for young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients is limited.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of psychomotor therapy on the rehabilitation of young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients， and to provide a reference for treatment strategies.MethodsA total of 104 young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients who met the International Classification of Diseases，tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria and hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 52 each using random number table method. Both groups received treatment with risperidone tablets （2~4 mg/d） ， along with routine nursing care. Additionally， the research group received an extra 45~55 minutes of psychomotor therapy 2~3 times per week for 12 weeks. The control group received the same psychomotor therapy after the study. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， Scales of Social-skills for Psychiatric Inpatient （SSPI） and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire （ITAQ） were used to assess the patients before the intervention and at 4th， 8th and 12th week after the intervention.ResultsThe main effects of intervention at different time points for PANSS positive symptoms， negative symptoms and general psychopathology subscale scores， PANSS total score， SSPI score and ITAQ score were all statistically significant （F=33.989， 204.245， 82.817， 279.596， 26.144， 7.463， P

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) technology combines the efficiency of anaerobic biological treatment with the selectivity of membrane technology, ushering in a new era in wastewater treatment. With the increasing global focus on environmental protection and resource recycling, AnMBR technology addresses the low-carbon treatment trend and shows promising prospects in resource recycling. This paper provides an overview of AnMBR principles, operational advantages and current practical applications. It also highlights the technological bottlenecks and economic challenges that AnMBR faces in its application, as well as the latest advances in research. The development and implementation of these novel technologies provide robust support for AnMBR in the wastewater treatments and in promoting a circular economy. Although commercializing AnMBR poses challenges, ongoing scientific research and technological innovation are addressing these issues. The groundbreaking progress of AnMBR in enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and fostering the sustainable use of energy and resources heralds a shift towards a greener and more efficient trajectory in water treatment technology. These achievements not only optimize wastewater treatment processes but also contribute significantly to advancing global environmental protection efforts, carrying profound implications for the future management of water resources and environmental conservation.

Objective To analyze our treatment experience of a case of traumatic intracranial aneurysm complicated with blast penetrating brain injury. Methods A case of traumatic brain injury (TBI) wounded by shrapnel was admitted in our department in December 2020. We performed emergency tracheostomy and external ventricular drainage. Computed tomography angiogram (CTA) on the second day after injury revealed a left-sided pericallosal artery forming stump with approximately 2 mm of blind end thickening, no pseudoaneurysm bodies, or aneurysm cavity formation. On the 7th day, because of the refractory cerebral edema, we performed right side craniotomy and cleared the necrotic brain tissue. The pseudoaneurysm hemorrhaged on day 17 after injury, and the aneurysm and the parent artery were embolized by interventional methods. Results The patient regained consciousness on the 44th day after injury and could follow instructions. Three months later he had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 15 with left limb hemiparesis. There were no recurrences of the aneurysm during 12 months of clinical follow-up. Conclusion Severe brain edema after penetrating shrapnel injuries often requires early decompression. Intracranial tarumatic aneurysms can arise after shrapnel penetrates, and require early screening management.

The climatic parameters within greenhouse facilities, such as temperature, humidity, and light, exert significant influence on the growth and yield of crops, particularly seedlings. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an accurate predictive model to monitor and adjust the greenhouse microclimate for optimizing the greenhouse environment to the fullest extent. To precisely forecast the greenhouse microclimate and assess the suitability of nursery environments, this study focuses on greenhouse environmental factors. This study leveraged open-source APIs to acquire meteorological data, integrated a model based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), and utilized the sparrow search algorithm to optimize model parameters, consequently developing a time series greenhouse microclimate prediction model. Furthermore, Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) Networks were employed to enhance the model’s attention mechanism, enabling more accurate predictions of environmental factors within the greenhouse. The predictive results indicated that the optimized model achieved high precision in forecasting the greenhouse microclimate, with average errors of 0.540 °C, 0.936%, and 1.586 W/m2 for temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2) reached 0.940, 0.951, and 0.936 for temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, respectively. In comparison to individual CNN or LSTM models, as well as the back-propagation (BP) neural network, the proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in predictive accuracy. Moreover, this research was applied to the greenhouse nursery environment, demonstrating that the proposed model significantly enhanced the efficiency of greenhouse seedling cultivation and the quality of seedlings. Our study provided an effective approach for optimizing greenhouse environmental control and nursery environment suitability, contributing significantly to achieving sustainable and efficient agricultural production.

The fusion neutron source is of great significance for conducting material testing for future fusion reactors, as it can genuinely reflect the change of material properties under fusion neutron irradiation. The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is an accelerator-driven neutron source. It still has some differences from the ideal fusion neutron source in terms of fusion neutron energy spectrum, which has led to the reconsideration of the fusion neutron source approach. In this paper, the magnetic field configuration, heating scheme design, and related calculations are carried out regarding the fusion neutron source. The plasma temperature, density evolution process, and the corresponding neutron yield of the field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma after two-stage cascade magnetic compression are analyzed, and the suppression of the magnetic fluid instabilities such as tilted and rotating modes of the FRC plasma after considering the two-fluid effect and the finite Larmor radius effect are studied. The fundamental physical parameters of the fusion neutron source are finally given. The calculation results show that the neutron source is expected to obtain fusion neutrons with an annual average power density higher than 2 MW/m2, which can meet the requirements of material testing of the demonstration reactors (DEMO). The power estimation also shows that the scheme has the potential to become an energy source based on the pulsed deuterium-deuterium fusion.

The amuch eaddition reactions between the common matrix α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (HCCA) in matrix assisted laser desorption (MALDI) and the sulfhydryl-contained compounds were investigated using matrix assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the corresponding reactivity was also compared in the acid, weak acid and alkaline conditions, respectively. The results showed that the sulfhydryl-contained compounds could much easily undergo addition reaction with HCCA under alkaline conditions, resulting in a mass shift of 189.0 u in the mass spectrum. In addition, the identity of the reaction product was supported by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis, nd was further identified as covalent bonding products by tandem MS analysis. This work provides a proof for the addition reaction between MALDI matrix and sulfhydryl-contained compounds, so as to reduce the interference of the matrix in the MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the relevant compounds, and to provide a reference for the selection of matrix.

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect its stress conditions, mechanical behavior and thermal-hydraulic performance. A reliable numerical method is of great importance to reveal the complex evolution of mechanical deformation, flow redistribution and temperature field for the plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation. This paper is the first part of a two-part study developing the numerical methodology for the thermal-fluid-structure coupling behaviors of plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation. In this paper, the thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology has been developed for plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation condition by exchanging thermal-hydraulic and mechanical deformation parameters between Finite Element Model (FEM) software and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software with Mesh-based parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI), which has been validated with experimental results. Based on the established methodology, the effects of non-uniform irradiation and fluid were discussed, which demonstrated that the maximum mechanical deformation with irradiation was dozens of times larger than that without irradiation and the hydraulic load on fuel plates due to differential pressure played a dominant role in the mechanical deformation.

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect stress conditions, mechanical behaviors and thermal-hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly. This paper is the Part II work of a two-part study devoted to analyzing the complex unique mechanical deformation and thermal-hydraulic characteristics for the typical plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation effect, which is on the basis of developed and verified numerical thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology under irradiation in Part I of this work. The mechanical deformation, thermal-hydraulic performance and Mises stress have been analyzed for the typical plate-type fuel assembly consisting of support plates under non-uniform irradiation. It was interesting to observe that: the plate-type fuel assembly including the fuel plates and support plates tended to bend towards the location with maximum fission rate; the hot spots in the fuel foil appeared at the location with maximum thickness increment; the maximum Mises stress of fuel foil was located at the adjacent location with the maximum plate thickness increment et al.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is also the main death cause of cancer patients. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of CRC patients. However, late recurrence and distant metastatic diseases cannot be cured, which will result in poor prognosis. With the cross penetration of molecular biology, oncology and immunology, the immunotherapy has made a huge breakthrough and has become an important means of tumor therapy. This article summarizes the immunotherapy of metastatic CRC at home and abroad in recent years.

Control rod drop is one of the key measures for the safe shutdown of the reactor. The two important evaluation indicators of the drop process are the drop time-length and the maximum impact force. By theoretical and experimental methods, this paper analyzes the influencing factors and evaluates the performance of a new type of spider hydraulic buffer with compact structure and ingenious design, which couples mechanical force and fluid resistance. First, through experiments, it is found that the real-time curve of the maximum impact force often has a bimodal structure. And the double peaks vary with the change of the internal structure of the hydraulic buffer. Secondly, since there are many variables about the structure (aperture, position, quantity, piston stroke et al.), in order to consider their influence on the maximum impact force, an equivalent ongoing flow area of the drain holes is introduced. It suggested that when the flow area of the working holes which can be covered by the stroke is close to the flow area of the remaining holes, the impact force tends to appear a minimum value. A relationship between the maximum impact force and the structure is proposed accordingly. Finally, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method for comprehensive buffering performance, in which the comprehensive performance evaluation factor η (0

With the continuous improvement of nuclear reactor power, the use of surface microstructures to enhance the heat exchange between the coolant and the solid surface has become the research focus of many researchers. However, the extreme environment inside the core, especially the continuous impact of the high-velocity liquid on the solid surface, poses a severe challenge to the reliable service of the microstructure. To this end, this paper establishes a numerical calculation method for the droplet scouring the solid wall to analyze and evaluate the mechanical feasibility and reliability of the surface microstructure under the impact of high-speed droplets. First of all, the physical process of the liquid droplet scouring the solid surface was described and analyzed, then the mathematical equations which describe the physical process were built by coupling the key physical parameters of the interface such as displacement and stress. Finally, the internal stress distribution and its change trend with and without the microstructure were obtained. The calculation results show that during the process of a droplet hitting the solid surface, due to the superposition of shock waves inside the droplet, there will be a stress field distribution on the solid side that cannot be ignored. The introduction of the surface microstructure will significantly change the stress field distribution on the solid side. The liquid film formed on the surface of the microstructure has a significant buffering effect on the impact of the droplets, which greatly reduces the stress level in the solid. The maximum stress level in the solid with microstructure is only about 50% of that in the solid without the microstructure. Therefore, it can be judged that the surface microstructure can meet the mechanical performance requirements under the condition of droplet scouring.

Electron cyclotron heating (ECH) breakdown and burn-through assist has been adopted to make the ITER start-up, which uses a low toroidal electric field of about 0.3 V/m, more robust. Related studies have been carried out on many fusion machines such as DIII-D, JT-60U, Tore Supra and FTU. However, the required ECH power to ensure an effective breakdown assist at ITER is not yet clear. Experiment was also performed in J-TEXT to determine the minimum ECH power requirements to assist breakdown and develop a better physics description of the process. The breakdown loop voltage for a successful shot was reduced from 34 to 3.7 V (corresponding to 0.56 V/m) by 300 kW X2-mode ECH power. The critical ECH power to assist the successful formation of a tokamak discharge is about 200kW, and below this value, ionization caused by ECH power is observed, however, the tokamak discharge start-up does not succeed. The effect of different loop voltages and ECH pulse-width on start-up was also studied. As injecting ECH power at a proper time, low ECH power can achieve a similar pre-ionization result as the case with high power. Extremely low breakdown voltage leads to a higher toroidal field later when putting a capacity to continue discharging in J-TEXT. The earlier shutdown of ECH power caused a failed discharge.

A 1 MW electron cyclotron resonance heating system has been designed and developed for J-TEXT tokamak not only to enhance the total heating power but also to provide another possible way to control the plasma parameters. The system is composed of two gyrotrons, both with an output power of 500 kW electron cyclotron wave power. The development progress of the system is elaborated and discussed. The commissioning tests for the gyrotrons were implemented, and each gyrotron realized its standard output successfully. With the assistance of this system, a variety of experiments have been carried out on J-TEXT, mainly related to plasma heating, plasma disruption, plasma start-up, current drive and so on.

The interface electronic structure between rubrene and permalloy (Ni80Fe20) has been studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We find that the downward energy level bending at the rubrene/NiFe heterostructure is caused by the interaction between rubrene and NiFe at the interface. There is an interface dipole of 0.23 eV, pointing from NiFe to rubrene. Our researches deepen the understanding of the fundamentals and laid a foundation for the design of high-performance rubrene-based organic spintronic devices.

All inorganic perovskites like CsPbBr3 have attracted rising attention and are considered as promising candidates for optoelectronic devices. Here we fabricated CsPbBr3 films by co-evaporation. The as-deposited and low temperature (below 300 °C) annealed films are in a mixture phase of CsPbBr3 and CsPb2Br5. After 400 °C annealing in ambient air, the CsPbBr3 phase becomes dominant with a good crystal structure and less defects. Then, 2,7-diocty[1]benzothieno-[3,2-b]benzothiophen (C8-BTBT) was deposited on the CsPbBr3 film layer-by-layer to investigate the interface electronic structure with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). As C8-BTBT was deposited, p-doping effect was observed at the surface of CsPbBr3 by the interface energy level alignment. At the same time, we also observed a chemical reaction at the interface and a small amount of lead sulfite might be formed. CsPbBr3 based photodetectors with or without C8-BTBT modified layer were also fabricated and studied. It was found that the photocurrent of the detectors with an additional C8-BTBT layer was about two orders of magnitude higher than that without C8-BTBT layer. The responsivities and response time are also improved with C8-BTBT. We attribute the improvement of photoelectronic properties to the interface energy level adjustment by the C8-BTBT. These results highlight the potential of C8-BTBT as a modified layer for inorganic perovskite optoelectronic devices.

The surface composition and morphology of FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films fabricated by the spin-coating method with different concentrations of NH2-POSS were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the surface composition of the FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 films was changed regularly through the interaction between NH2-POSS and the perovskite film. The corresponding surface morphological changes were also observed. When the concentration of NH2-POSS exceeded 10 mg/mL, a lot of cracks on the surface of the perovskite film were observed and the surface morphology was damaged. The surface composition and its distribution can be adjusted by changing the concentration of NH2-POSS and the proper concentration of NH2-POSS can substantially improve the quality of perovskite film.

Abstract Selection breeding has played a key role in the improvement of seed yield and quality in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). We genotyped Tapidor (European), Ningyou7 (Chinese) and their progenitors with the Brassica 60 K Illumina Infinium SNP array and mapped a total of 29,347 SNP markers onto the reference genome of Darmor-bzh. Identity by descent (IBD) refers to a haplotype segment of a chromosome inherited from a shared common ancestor. IBDs identified on the C subgenome were larger than those on the A subgenome within both the Tapidor and Ningyou7 pedigrees. IBD number and length were greater in the Ningyou7 pedigree than in the Tapidor pedigree. Seventy nine QTLs for flowering time, seed quality and root morphology traits were identified in the IBDs of Tapidor and Ningyou7. Many more candidate genes had been selected within the Ningyou7 pedigree than within the Tapidor pedigree. These results highlight differences in the transfer of favorable gene clusters controlling key traits during selection breeding in Europe and China.

Abstract: We report on comprehensive experimental studies of turbulence spreading in edge plasmas. These studies demonstrate the relation of turbulence spreading and entrainment to intermittent convective density fluctuation events or bursts (i.e. blobs and holes). The non-diffusive character of turbulence spreading is thus elucidated. The turbulence spreading velocity (or mean jet velocity) manifests a linear correlation with the skewness of density fluctuations, and increases with the auto-correlation time of density fluctuations. Turbulence spreading by positive density fluctuations is outward, while spreading by negative density fluctuations is inward. The degree of symmetry breaking between outward propagating blobs and inward propagating holes increases with the amplitude of density fluctuations. Thus, blob-hole asymmetry emerges as crucial to turbulence spreading. These results highlight the important role of intermittent convective events in conveying the spreading of turbulence, and constitute a fundamental challenge to existing diffusive models of spreading.