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Sweat wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals' in‐depth body physiological state with real‐time and molecular‐level insight. However, limited detection accuracy and sensitivity resulted from insufficient amount of sweat sampling and impurities interferences still hinder their practical applications. Here, a miniature wearable skin‐interfaced intelligent graphene nano‐electronic (SIGN) patch employing a novel Janus membrane integrated surface wettability switchable microfluidic module with autonomous sweat sampling and purification capabilities is presented for in situ analysis of sweat biomarkers. Due to the asymmetric surface energy distribution characteristics of the microfluidic surfaces, rapid, directional transport of sufficient amount of sweat to the Janus membrane is achieved. The Janus membrane purifies the sweat sample and transport the sample to the sensing surface autonomously, thus eliminating impurities interferences and enhancing the sensing performance. An ultra‐flexible bio‐receptor functionalized graphene transistor for accurately monitoring sweat biomarkers such as lactate, with outstanding signal reproducibility and good long‐term (over 1 month) stability, and a signal processing unit are employed incorporating with the microfluidic module. In practical wearing tests, the SIGN patch enables the continuous measuring of sweat lactate levels for volunteers during exercises and intelligently providing a preliminary diagnostic assessment on their exercise intensity successfully, suggesting its potential commercialization prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superoleophobic-superhydrophilic surfaces have been used for applications in the fabrication of antioil-fouling smart textiles and for immiscible oil–water mixtures and emulsions separation. Typically, these surfaces are constructed by depositing coatings with selective superwetting properties on porous structures. The facile electrospun technique involves the deposition of polymer solutions or melts through an electric field, resulting in nanometer-sized fibers that form nanofibrous membranes with hierarchical structures and a large specific surface area. In this study, superoleophobic-superhydrophilic nanofibrous membranes were prepared by blending perfluorooctanoic acid and polyacrylonitrile polymers and fluorinated TiO2 nanoparticles and electrospinning them. The prepared nanofibrous membranes exhibit superoleophobic and superhydrophilic properties, along with antioil-fouling characteristics. These membranes can separate immiscible oil–water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions. This superoleophobic-superhydrophilic nanofibrous membranes have broad applications in industry and for environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wearable sensor capable of directly detecting cytokines in external secretions external to the human body is pivotal for gauging the intensity of the immune response and circumventing inflammatory storms, a significant clinical concern. The detection of low‐concentration cytokines is often hampered due to interference from impurities in secretions. Addressing this challenge, a wearable detection system is developed by integrating a Janus membrane with water auto‐collection/filtering capabilities, and aptamer‐modified graphene field‐effect transistor sensors, enabling the detection of low‐concentration cytokines in undiluted sweat samples. The Janus membrane can automatically filter external secretions and transport them to the sensor surface, effectively eliminating impurity interference and enhancing the sensor's detection capabilities. The device can sensitively detect cytokines (such as TNF‐α, a marker for inflammation and cancer) in undiluted sweat, with a detection range spanning 0.5 to 500 pM, and a detection limit reaching 0.31 pM. The ultra‐flexibility of the sensor is also verified, maintaining stable electrical properties even after enduring up to 50 extreme deformations. These findings indicate that the wearable detection system has the potential to realize low‐concentration cytokines monitoring in the sweat of inflammatory patients, to assist the healthcare system in controlling the body's immune status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]