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Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay. They are American model, Western European model, Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countries model. The comparison of the four models comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced by higher education. As a result, it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have to do with schooling system. On the contrary, the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.

The article discusses the need to differentiates between educational sovereignty and educational rights to advance Sino-foreign educational cooperation in China. It mentions that the two terms are closely associated to each other as they both include ownership and the authority to tackle educational issues. Moreover, the country can move forward if it has commitments to maintain its educational sovereignty and clarifies its educational rights. It also notes that it is essential for the country to expand education market access to global competitors since it joins the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Cultural innovation is like a symphony of the times converged from the era of the knowledge economy. One of the missions of university is to lead social and cultural innovation. Facing the dual tasks of inheriting as well as innovating culture university has taken a paradoxical role for both preserving and innovating culture. Likewise, professors often find themselves struggling at the crossroad between innovation and convention. In order to get out of this dilemma, university professors need to have a firm faith and a clear awareness that it is their own mission and responsibility to guide and lead cultural innovation and social development. How should they resolve the contradiction between innovative culture and conventional culture? The key, actually, lies in exploiting a correct way of thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]