Search

The output of complementary energy is the core of power generation system planning, and researching its configuration is the basis for realizing safe, reliable, economical and stable operation of the system throughout total life cycle. This paper comprehensively considers the constraints of power supply reliability and battery energy storage operation, and proposes a capacity optimization method for wind-photovoltaic-hydro-storage system aiming at life cycle cost and unit cost of electricity. Take the Northwest Region as an example, the optimization problem was solved by HOMER software, the optimal capacity allocation result was obtained. Compared with other solutions, the life cycle cost was reduced by 12.1%, the unit cost of electricity was reduced by 11.9%, and the load power shortage rate probability was relatively reduced. The result prove that the complementary system helps to reduce power generation cost and improve power supply stability.

Plant leaves can retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and thus alleviate air pollution. Herein, four plant species (Cerasus. serrulata, H. syriacus, H. tuberosus, and E. japonicus) from the central part of Shanxi Province, China, were investigated to analyse the dynamic changes in their PM retention capacity and grain size over five periods. The relationship between leaf morphological characteristics (leaf size and leaf surface microstructure) and dynamic changes were discussed in PM retention, revealing the influence of leaf morphological characteristics on the amount of PM retention and its composition. The results showed that amount and grain sizes of the retained PM differed significantly among the various studied species; however, the trends in PM retention of different species in the time series were the same. The grain size distributions of PM from the four species displayed a bimodal distribution, in which the main peak distribution range was 5–60 μm and the secondary peak distribution range was 0.4–1 μm. Leaves of smaller sizes and those with rough surfaces had a high PM retention capacity. Leaves with deep grooves are conductive to retaining PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, while leaves with hair are conductive to retaining PM>10. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of leaves should be considered when selecting the use of plant species to alleviate air pollution. Highlights Dynamics of PM retention capacity and grain size distributions of four plant species were analysed. Grain size distributions of PM retained on leaves had a bimodal distribution. Small leaves with grooves or hair are conductive to PM retention. Grooves are conductive to fine PM retention while hairs are conductive to coarse PM retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichoderma asperellum ZZY has good tolerance to Pb 2+ , but the tolerance mechanism is not clear. The manuscript aimed to clarify the tolerance mechanism from the perspective of the response changes of related active ingredients. The synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins and thiol compounds in Trichoderma asperellum can be accelerated with Pb 2+ stress. Under Pb 2+ stress, Trichoderma asperellum can synthesize oxalic acid and secrete it extracellularly. In addition, high concentration of Pb 2+ can inhibit the synthesis and extracellular secretion of formic acid and malic acid. The tolerance of Trichoderma asperellum to Pb 2+ is the results of multiple reactions. The Pb 2+ can promote the synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, thiol compounds and oxalic acid. In the early stage of Pb 2+ stress, Trichoderma asperellum can rapidly initiate an extracellular emergency mechanism, synthesize oxalic acid in mycelia and secrete it extracellularly to remove free Pb 2+ and alleviate the toxicity of Pb 2+ to cells. With the transport of Pb 2+ into cells, it can promote the synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, thiol compounds to adsorb and transform the Pb 2+ and ease the damage to the cells. The manuscript provides theoretical support and scientific explanation for the application of Trichoderma asperellum ., Competing Interests: None., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)