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Utilizing intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions stands for an effective approach in advancing the efficiency and stability of small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) for polymer solar cells. Herein, we synthesized three SMAs (Qo1, Qo2, and Qo3) using indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxalin‐11‐one (Qox) as the electron‐deficient group, with the incorporation of a methylation strategy. Through crystallographic analysis, it is observed that two Qox‐based methylated acceptors (Qo2 and Qo3) exhibit multiple hydrogen bond‐assisted 3D network transport structures, in contrast to the 2D transport structure observed in gem‐dichlorinated counterpart (Qo4). Notably, Qo2 exhibits multiple and stronger hydrogen‐bonding interactions compared with Qo3. Consequently, PM6 : Qo2 device realizes the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, surpassing the efficiencies of devices based on Qo1 (15.8 %), Qo3 (16.7 %), and Qo4 (2.4 %). This remarkable PCE in PM6 : Qo2 device can be primarily ascribed to the enhanced donor‐acceptor miscibility, more favorable medium structure, and more efficient charge transfer and collection behavior. Moreover, the PM6 : Qo2 device demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, retaining 82.8 % of its initial PCE after undergoing annealing at 65 °C for 250 hours. Our research showcases that precise methylation, particularly targeting the formation of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions to tune crystal packing patterns, represents a promising strategy in the molecular design of efficient and stable SMAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered promising candidates to promote lead‐free perovskite photovoltaics. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is limited by the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and low quality of tin perovskite film. Herein, an ultra‐thin 1‐carboxymethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (ImAcCl) layer is used to modify the buried interface in tin PSCs, which can induce multifunctional improvements and remarkably enhance the PCE. The carboxylate group (CO) and the hydrogen bond donor (NH) in ImAcCl can interact with tin perovskites, thus significantly suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ and reducing the trap density in perovskite films. The interfacial roughness is reduced, which contributes to a high‐quality tin perovskite film with increased crystallinity and compactness. In addition, the buried interface modification can modulate the crystal dimensionality, favoring the formation of large bulk‐like crystals instead of low‐dimensional ones in tin perovskite films. Therefore, the charge carrier transport is effectively promoted and the charge carrier recombination is suppressed. Eventually, tin PSCs show a remarkably enhanced PCE from 10.12% to 12.08%. This work highlights the importance of buried interface engineering and provides an effective way to realize efficient tin PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most of the hydrometallurgical processes of nickel sulfide Ore have the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high requirement for reaction equipment during the hydrometallurgy of nickel sulfide ore as well as the underutilization of pyrolusite due to high reduction cost and severe pollution. The method based on the two ore method mixing with acid leaching process under ordinary pressure was adopted to realize the clean and efficient recovery of valuable metals in these two minerals. Nickel sulfide concentrate and pyrolusite were used as oxidants and reducing agents in leaching process respectively. The collaborative leaching test of nickel sulfide concentrate and pyrolusite was carried out by investigating the influence of leaching conditions on slag rate and leaching rate of nickel, manganese and copper. The results show that with the leaching temperature of 110 °C, the mass ratio of nickel sulfide concentrate to Pyrolusite is 1 : 1, the initial acid concentration is 210 g/L, the liquid-solid ratio is 4 : 1, and the leaching time is 10 h. The leaching rate is 88. 65%, the manganese leaching rate is 93.26%, and the copper leaching rate is 72. 10%. The leaching process produces less pollution, good leaching effect, and significant economic benefits. This research is of great significance to the hydrometallurgy of Nickel sulfide ore and pyrolusite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent additives enable the efficient modification of the morphology to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. However, the impact of solvent additive selectivity on the film morphology and formation kinetics is still unclarified. Herein, this work investigates two solvent additives, 1‐chloronaphthalene (1‐CN) and tetralin, characterized by their varying selectivity for the polymer donor (PBDB‐T‐2F) and the non‐fullerene small molecule acceptor (BTP‐C3‐4F). Specifically, 1‐CN exhibits superior solubility for BTP‐C3‐4F over PBDB‐T‐2F, whereas tetralin shows the opposite trend. The blend films with and without solvent additives are fabricated with the slot‐die coating at ambient conditions. Both solvent additives can promote larger phase separation and increase the size of crystals of the selectively dissolved component. In situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and UV–vis absorption spectra during printing unveil two distinct kinetic processes induced by 1‐CN and tetralin, leading to large‐sized crystals. 1‐CN can prolong the liquid‐solid phase separation to provide sufficient time for the BTP‐C3‐4F crystal growth but suppress the crystal growth of PBDB‐T‐2F. Tetralin can swell PBDB‐T‐2F and break down BTP‐C3‐4F crystals at the same time. Upon thermal annealing, the oversized crystals triggered by both solvent additives can be optimized to an appropriate size, resulting in an enhanced PCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid composite electrolytes suffer from poor conductivity and lithium dendrite growth, especially toward the metallic lithium metal anode. In this study, succinonitrile (SN) is incorporated into a PEO composite electrolyte to fabricate an electrode-compatible electrolyte with good electrochemical performance. The SN-doped electrolyte successfully inhibits the lithium dendrite growth and facilitates the SEI layer formation, as determined by the operando nanofocus wide-angle X-ray scattering (nWAXS), meanwhile, stably cycled over 500 h in Li/SN-PEO/Li cell. Apart from the observation of lithium dendrite, the robust SEI layer formation mechanism in the first cycle is investigated in the SN-enhanced composite electrolyte by nWAXS. The inorganic electrochemical reaction products, LiF and Li 3 N, are found to initially deposit on the electrolyte side, progressively extending toward the lithium metal anode. This growth process effectively protected the metallic lithium, inhibited electron transfer, and facilitated Li⁺ transport. The study not only demonstrates a high-performance interfacial-stable lithium metal battery with composite electrolyte but also introduces a novel strategy for real-time visualizing dendrite formation and SEI growth directing at the interface area of electrolyte and metallic lithium., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Mesoporous titania thin films offer promising applications in sensors, batteries, and solar cells. The traditional soft templating methods rely on high-temperature calcination, which is energy-intensive, incompatible with thermosensitive flexible substrates, and destructive for titania structures. This work demonstrates UV irradiation as a versatile low-temperature and energy-saving alternative for mesoporous crystalline titania fabrication. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals a three-stage crystallization process with increasing UV irradiation time supported by photoluminescence data. UV-irradiation-derived samples exhibit crystallinity and crystal size comparable to that of calcination. Integration with block copolymer templated sol-gel synthesis enables the creation of various morphologies, including cylindrical, ordered spherical, and hybrid structures. Characterizations via scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering confirm the homogeneity of morphology in the resulting films. The resulting films maintain similar optical properties despite morphological differences, as demonstrated by photoluminescence and UV-vis measurements. The versatility of UV irradiation extends to different titanium precursors, underscoring it as a flexible and efficient method for mesoporous titania thin film fabrication at low temperatures., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)