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A method that can detect colorant type in food is requisite against illegal practices that used non-food-grade colorants in food. In this study colorant types of yellow tofu were identified using visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) and shortwave near-infrared spectra (SW-NIR) spectroscopy. Chemometrics analysis using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) were used to classify natural colorants, non-food-grade colorants, and food-grade colorants in yellow tofu. The best model obtained using Vis-NIR had calibration accuracy and reliability of 100% for both PCA-LDA and PLS-DA. The best model yielded by SW-NIR had calibration accuracy of 76% and 28% reliability for PLS-DA, and accuracy of 92% and 76% reliability for PCA-LDA. The result showed that Vis-NIR spectroscopy was superior to SW-NIR spectroscopy to distinguish the colorant type used in yellow tofu. Moreover, PCA-LDA yielded better accuracy and reliability compared to PLS-DA.

The design of the ethanol concentration measurement system using a specific gravity approach has been previously developed. It was built for batch distillation column automation. The measurement system use a combination of 2 kinds of sensor (i.e. load cell sensor and ultrasonic sensor). However, the dynamic characteristic of the measurement system has not been evaluated. This paper is a continuation of the previous paper. This paper aims to describe the dynamic characteristics of the ethanol concentration measurement system. The dynamic characteristic is another performance analysis besides the static characteristic that present in the previous paper. The dynamic characteristic covers rise time, settling time, and overshoot. This paper also presents a transfer function, pole, and zero location by process the output and input data. This paper concern about dynamic characteristics at one-point operation (75 % of ethanol measuring with a hydrometer) then measured by the ethanol measurement system that was designed in this research. Farther the dynamic characteristic was observed from the device until the device reading was steady-state. The result revealed that the rise time of ethanol concentration of measurement system was 56.4 second, settling time 112.2 second and percentage of overshoot was 1.2%. The measurement system can present the actual data after 117.4 second.

Currently, environmental degradation caused by heavy metals has become a serious concern of many countries. To monitor the concentration of heavy metals in the environment, an in-situ sensor that can measure in real time and has high quality, sensitivity, and flexibility is essential. We proposed a modified multipath ring resonator (MPRR) based on silicon-on-insulator technology with additional gold nanodisk (GND) on top of the ring to increase its sensitivity. To prove the effect of GND on the sensitivity of the modified MPRR, finite-difference time-domain simulations were con-ducted. Results showed that the average sensitivity of the modified MPRR was 675 nm/RIU, where RIU corresponds to the refractive index unit, higher than that of the unmodified MPRR (171 nm/RIU). Moreover, compared with the single ring structure, the proposed design had better sensitivity. We believe that our proposed approach for the modification of MPRR is suitable for application to optical sensor development.

The purpose of this study was to find the most optimal configuration of multipath optical ring resonator (MpORR) based on silicon on insulator (SOI). Two important indicators of MpORR are free spectral range (FSR) and Q factor. The greater the FSR and Q factor, the greater the ability of the MpORR to distinguish each resonance signal so that the sensor is more selective and can detect substances with small concentrations. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations was used to optimize and analyze the design of MpORR. Several parameters that can affect the FSR and Q factors of the MpORR were investigated, including the ring resonator radius, the gap separation distance between the waveguide and the ring resonator, and the gap separator distance between resonator rings of MpORR. Based on the simulation, the most optimal configuration for MpORR are 3 µm, 200 nm, and 160 nm, that correspond to the ring resonator radius, the gap separation distance between the waveguide and the ring resonator, and the gap separator distance between resonator rings, respectively. From the simulation, 28 nm wide FSR and 1495 of Q Factor were obtained. With a wide FSR and a high Q factor, the design can be used to detect various analytes with high sensitivity.

Non Linear Frequency Modulation (NLFM) method can suppress the peak sidelobe level without additional windowing function. NLFM doesn’t require any weighting function because it has inbuilt one. NLFM has a variable frequency deviation function due to the relation between frequency and time of the signal which is not linear so that it is possible to suppress of peak sidelobe level. This paper studies the characteristic of various NLFM waveform, such as NLFM Tri Stage Piece Wise (TSPW), NLFM S, and NLFM Taylor. The study of Pulse Compression of NLFM waveform consists of three aspects. First, analysis of pulse compression performance. Second, analysis of background noise. Last, analysis of Doppler effects. The simulation is done using Matlab software. The lowest value Peak Sidelobe Level (PSL)of NLFM TSPW is about -20 dB while NLFM S and NLFM Taylor are about -32 dB and -39 dB. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Doppler Effect influenced the value of PSL for each NLFM waveform. NLFM Taylor has the best NLFM waveform when the Doppler Effect and AWGN cause the value of PSL become high. Comparison between NLFM Taylor and Linear Frequency Modulation(LFM) is done in radar surveillance applications to analyze the detectability performance where the condition of Radar Cross Section (RCS) for each target has different significant value. The three targets are commercial airplanes, helicopter and fighter. For detectability performance, NLFM Taylor can detect more clearly than LFM conventional.

Optical waveguides are important for guiding lightwave from a place to other places. Propagation and insertion losses of the optical waveguides should be considered to be in low values. Recently, optical waveguides with circular structures, which are optical fibers, are used widely for guiding lightwave in long-distance optical communication with very low propagation and insertion losses. Simultaneously, optical waveguides with planar structure are also developed for short distance communication in optical devices. We have reported design and analysis of the planar optical waveguides. In this paper, fabrication of planar optical waveguides using a polyimide material on thin silicon dioxide combined with the silicon substrate is reported. The polyimide material is used for the core of the optical waveguides. The silicon dioxide located on the silicon substrate and the air is used for cladding of the optical waveguides. Fabrication of the optical waveguides such as oxidation, photoresist coating, masking, ultra-violet exposure, and etching was done. The fabricated optical waveguides were characterized physically using a standard microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fabrication processes and characterization results are reported and discussed in detail.

Filtering is a necessary part from the digital signal processing in radar. This research is focused on comparing the performance of 4 windowing methods for designing a digital filter with finite impulse response (FIR) type or a 9,3 GHz surveillance radar system. In this study, Blackman, Bartlett, Hanning, and Kaiser windows are modelled in QT software. The experiment is performed by picking 512 and 1024 frame length in all frequency bands. Parameters examined are the amplitude and the frequency. Result showed that Kaiser has the best performance for this radar application.

The Microring Resonator (MRR) structure is one of the structures that can be highly modified to improve its performance. In this paper, propose one of the modified MRR structures is the Multipath Optical Ring Resonator (MpORR). This structure can be applied as a filter component in a 40 GHz Radio over Fiber (RoF) system. In this paper, a single-sideband microwave photonic filter based on MPORR structure is simulated by optimizing the length of the ring radius, the width of the gap between the radius of the outer ring and the waveguide bus and the gap of the outer ring and inner ring. From the simulation results obtained width FSR and Bandwidth respectively 3.25 THz and 310 GHz at a frequency of 193,4 THz. MPoRR fabrication results will also be discussed. Based on the results, this structure can be used for a single sideband filter on the radio through a fiber communication system.

A 10 MHz low pass filter (LPF) using surface mount technology (SMT) has been successfully created. This LPF is a 7-order pole elliptic-type filter, with stopband width of about 30% in 13 MHz frequency range, and 60 dB stopband depth. This filter is designed to pass the video signal output from a detector logarithmic video amplifier (DLVA) of a 2–18 GHz mobile Electronic Support Measure (ESM) which has a transient voltage that may cause misinterpretation in the signal processing. The SMT is used to provide a more compact dimensions of the circuit as well as a good quality (Q) factor. This paper contains planning, simulation, realization, and measurement of the filter. From the result, the LPF fulfills the specification and able to enhance the performance of DLVA output by reducing the transient voltage, compared to without the LPF. Hence, the upcoming misinterpretation of the signal by the digital signal processor can be minimized.

Sekarang ini jumlah kendaraan meningkat dengan pesatnya, sementara sarana jalan masih tertinggal baik pertambahannya maupun kualitas jalan serta pemeliharaan, menyebabkan kemacetan lalu lintas sering terjadi dan jumlah kecelakaan kendaraan meningkat pula. Pengontrolan lalu lintas yang baik sangat dibutuhkan untuk efisiensi dan meningkatkan keselamatan pengguna jalan. Sebuah sensor radar doppler dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi laju kecepatan relatif kendaraan, yakni antara mobil dan obstacle sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menghindari terjadinya kecelakaan dan dapat memantau kepadatan lalu lintas yang terjadi. Radar dirancang untuk kemudahan navigasi dan bisa digunakan untuk mendeteksi kecepatan suatu benda yang bergerak dengan cara mendeteksi energi dari suatu benda yang bergerak tersebut sekaligus menentukan posisinya. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas mengenai desain dan implementasi antena yang mampu mendukung aplikasi sensor radar doppler. Antena ini dirancang menggunakan antena mikrostrip dual beam yang bekerja pada frekuensi 10 GHz. Software yang digunakan untuk perancangan dan simulasi antena ini adalah Ansoft HFSS 10. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menghitung dimensi antena sesuai rumus yang ada. Dimensi hasil perhitungan akan digunakan pada proses simulasi. Modifikasi dimensi antena digunakan sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimum dalam simulasi, kemudian dimensi optimum tersebut digunakan dalam proses pabrikasi. Spesifikasi antena yang dibuat memiliki karakteristik bekerja pada frekuensi 10 GHz dengan bandwidth 60 MHz pada VSWR ≤ 1,5, serta memiliki gain sebesar 12,42 dBi.

Asymmetric parallel-cascaded micro-ring resonator (APCMR) is proposed. The proposed device is composed of two or more micro-ring-resonators with different diameter. The proposed device is designed using transfer matrix combined with signal flow graph methods. The designed device with crosstalk less than and equal -10 dB can be obtained by setting coupling coefficient. The proposed device can be used for optical filters and sensors.

Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan filter gelombang mikro menggunakan teknologi coplanar waveguide (CPW) yang dibebani dengan struktur metamaterial. Struktur metamaterial tersebut terdiri dari sepasang resonator cincin terbelah (split ring resonators/SRRs) berbentuk persegi panjang yang dicetak di belakang substrat dielektrik. Sementara itu, CPW dicetak dengan tambahan konektor kecil tepat di atas SRRs tersebut. Variasi panjang dan lebar dari SRRs persegi panjang (horizontal dan vertikal) telah dilakukan untuk melihat efek dari kopling antara saluran transmisi CPW ke SRRs. Variasi jarak antara sel-sel resonator (SRRs) juga telah disimulasikan untuk melihat efek dari kopling antara sel-sel yang berdekatan. Analisis dengan simulasi elektromagnetik dan data dari eksperimen telah menunjukkan bahwa kinerja bandwidth filter yang berbeda telah ditemukan dengan merubah struktur SRRs maupun dengan merubah jarak antara sel-sel resonator (SRRs). Telah ditemukan pula bahwa kontribusi yang signifikan dari kopling antara CPW ke SRRs menunjukkan bahwa SRRs persegi panjang horizontal dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan performa filter. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis konfigurasi geometris SRRs yang memberikan optimalisasi praktis paling baik untuk pembuatan filter metamaterial CPW.

A compact radar system becomes a necessity in order to build a lightweight navigation radar. Researches were conducted to create an integrated radar system in the form of one board of 9.3 GHz navigation radar system. Microstrip technology was used for its simple structure and miniaturization at high frequencies. Power divider as a part of the radar system was used to divide the signal from Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) to Transmitter front end and mixer on the Receiver end. This paper proposed the design and simulation of the Wilkinson Power Divider on Duroid RT5880 substrate using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The S parameters were analyzed to see the performance of the divider. The proposed design already met the expected requirement of the power divider with more than -30 dB return loss, -3.059 dB insertion loss, and -29.541 dB isolation between divider output ports.

In this research, experiments on signal processing on radar system is conducted. Inside radar system, digital signal processing (DSP) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are necessary for obtaining the results of image detection using filtering, sampling and windowing method. X-band frequency of 9,3 GHz is used. Frequencies other than 9,26 Ghz – 9,34 GHz are suppressed by filter. One of the methods in designing a finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter is windowing method. In this study, Hamming and Blackman window type are used in QT software. Testing is done by taking 512, 1024 and 16384 frame length. The experiment is done for all frequency bands. Parameters tested in this filter implementation are amplitude response and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Experiment result showed no significant difference for both windows. Hence, it is no problem to choose whichever the window from these choice for this system.

Kebutuhan laboratorium uji B4T untuk dapat menguji sampel dengan hasil pengujian maksimal memerlukan proteksi peralatan chamber pengujian suhu saat digunakan lebih dari 24 jam diluar pengawasan memerlukan sistem untuk membantu mencegah terjadinya kerusakan pada alat yang disebabkan oleh abnormal operasi. Mikrokontroller Atmega328 dapat digunakan untuk memantau kinerja chamber saat digunakan diluar pengawasan dengan memasang sensor suhu dan kelembapan pada chamber yang berfungsi untuk merekam keadaan saat suhu dan kelembapan tidak tercapai atau suhu dan kelembapan berlebih. Sinyal abnormal menggunakan alarm untuk pemberitahuan bagi user atau petugas yang sedang berjaga. Perancangan ini menghasilkan sistem proteksi yang berfungsi untuk mencegah kerusakan chamber apabila terjadi operasi abnormal, mendeteksi abnormal dengan mematikan chamber secara otomatis, dan memberi sinyal alarm pemberitahuan abnormal kepada operator sehingga sampel uji di dalam chamber dapat diuji dengan kondisi pengujian yang maksimal.

Development of transmitter subsystem based on FMCW radar using for navigational application has been presented. It consists of several key components such us frequency generation, splitter, bandpass filter, power amplifier, and the transmitter antenna. It operates in X band frequency with low power consumption. The proposed subsystem was modeled in SystemVue simulation electronic design automation software from Keysight for matching the design, validation and tests its performance. Experimental testing has been done in the laboratory. Transmitter output power reaches 28 dBm (630 mW). According to its performance, this subsystem is successfully meet the requirement.

Microwave wireless and optical fiber technologies are widely used for several applications in communication, sensing, imaging, and so on. We propose an electro-optic (EO) modulator with a planar stripline feed to a gap-embedded patch-antenna for hybrid uplinks to an optical fiber and microwave wireless networks. The proposed device is designed on an EO crystal with simple and compact structure. The gap-embedded patch-antenna on the EO modulator can be operated for optical modulation to the optical fiber network. The proposed device can be also operated for microwave transmission to the air or wireless networks. Characteristic and analysis of the designed device for optical modulation and wireless microwave transmission are reported and discussed.

The combination of of wireless millimeter-wave (MMW) bands and fiber optic cables is able to compensate the propagation loss of millimeter waves in broadband communications and high-resolution imaging. This paper discusses the design and the realization of optical modulator using coplanar stripline (CPS) structure completed with the u-slot antenna patch for RF signal input. The substrate used for CPS structure is Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) due to its large electro optical coefficient. A 10 Ghz radio wave frequency is inputted via microstrip u-slot antenna patch array 2 x 1 with input impedance 50 Ω, and acceptable return loss -10 dB. The light waves for the carrier are generated from the laser diode. Several measurements have been completely done and reported. The design is carried out by means of varying physical variable value which results in specification of the operating frequency 10 GHz. This is a pure research since the obtained results are not directly applied to the radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology.

We propose a new metamaterial antenna on electro-optic (EO) modulator for wireless terra-hertz detection through radio-over-fibre (ROF) technology. By wireless terra-hertz signal irradiation to the proposed device, strong terra-hertz electric field can be induced on the electric- LC metamaterial resonator. The induced terra-hertz electric field can be used for optical modulation through EO effects when a light-wave propagates into an optical waveguide located under the capacitive gap which the strongest induced terra-hertz electric field. Analysis of optical modulation is presented in details for operational frequency of 0.1 THz. The device fabrication process and the results of its measured characteristics are also reported.

High-speed wireless communication is required to carrying out high-quality data. It can be realized by increasing data capacity with enlarging operational bandwidth. As we know, light has very large operational bandwidth with a drawback of large propagation loss in free-pace (air). Therefore, high-speed communication can be realized using light with short coverage area. Light has wide spectrum include visible light region. The visible light is used as a lamp for lighting in a room. The lamp with laser emitting diode (LED) is widely used due to its characteristics of low electric power consumption with bright light. Visible light for communication is promising for smart home. In here, we report our research activity to realize and demonstrate visible light communication with low-cost optoelectronic devices such as laser diodes and photo detectors. Demonstration of the short range visible light communication to carry out digital data is reported.

Optical filter is very important components in WDM network. MRR is a basic structure to design the optical filter because of easy to design for improving its performance. This paper discusses an innovative structure of the MRR, which is Triple Coupler Ring Resonators (TCRR) for optical filter applications. Values of width between bus and ring and values of radius of the ring in the structure TCRR were analyzed and optimized for several variations for obtaining coupling coefficient values. Therefore, wide Free Spectral Range (FSR) and high crosstalk suppression bandwidth can be obtained. As results, at the optimized width of gap of 100 nm and the optimized radiation of 8 μm, FSR of 2.85 THz and crosstalk suppression bandwidth of 60 GHz were achieved. Based on the results, this structure can be used for filtering optical signals in optical fiber communication.

Radar performance can be downgraded when facing interference. One of external interference is another radar placed in the nearby location which behaves as a jammer affecting the radar maximum detection by decreasing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) level. This paper describes the effect of external radar as a source of jammer in the main-radar performance. This can be occurred when multiple radars are used in one platform. The radar model was simulated by radar parameter which was already being developed in the lab. There are three scenarios presented. First condition is the absence of interference, second one is where radar and jammer are installed in one place, and the last is when radar is influenced by jammer from another place. The presence of jammer degraded the radar performance by decreasing the radar maximum detection as in scenario two. The existence of another radar in one platform should be considered by the radar designer to optimize the radar performance.

The increasing need for telecommunications, optical telecommunications networks in developed as well developing the functionality of radio waves with light waves in a Radio over Fiber network. On the network needed an antenna to support the process of receivers pick up radio waves then modulated with light waves. Antennas on Radio over Fiber can work at a frequency of 10 GHz WPAN communications. Wireless frequencies captured by the antenna can then be directly modulated and distributed through an optical fiber in accordance with needs. Antenna characteristic which must be met including small size, have a good level of matching, only consume little electric current, and has a unidirectional radiation pattern. In this paper, using an electromagnetic simulator, designed and simulated arrayinset fed rectangular microstrip antenna with U-slot for Radio over Fiber applications in WPAN communications that can be used optimally at a frequency of 10 GHz. The simulation results with optimum performance further implemented and observed at a frequency of 10 GHz performance. Results from the design and realization are patch arrayrectangular microstrip antenna with U-slot working at a frequency of 10 GHz with unidirectional radiation pattern; ≥ 3dBi gain; input impedance = 50Ω; and VSWR ≤ 1.5.

Optical filter is very important components in WDM network. MRR is a basic structure to design the optical filter because of easy to design for improving its performance. This paper discusses an innovative structure of the MRR, which is Polymer Triple Coupler Ring Resonators (PTCRR) for optical filter applications. Values of width between bus and ring and values of radius of the ring in the structure PTCRR were analyzed and optimized for several variations for obtaining coupling coefficient values. Therefore, wide Free Spectral Range (FSR) and high crosstalk suppression bandwidth can be obtained. As results, at the optimized width of gap of 100 nm and the optimized radiation of 8 µm, FSR of 2.85 THz and crosstalk suppression bandwidth of 60 GHz were achieved. Based on the results, this structure can be used for filtering optical signals in optical fiber communication.

This paper presents narrowband hairpin bandpass filter square resonator with folded coupled line for operating frequency of 3 GHz. The filter was designed for S-Band applications that need narrow bandwidth. The numerical characteristics of proposed filter were obtained by using software simulation ADS2011.10. Optimization was done to find good performance of the filter. The filter has insertion loss −1.949 dB and VSWR less than 2. The dimension of filter is 73.51 mm × 10.4 mm and approximately 14% less than the dimension of conventional hairpin bandpass filter.

Investigations on the electromagnetic coupling effect of rectangular split ring resonators (SRRs) coupled to coplanar waveguide (CPW) are presented. Rectangular SRRs shape alteration and its effect to transmission line performance has been studied by changing its vertical and horizontal 2-d orientation. We observe that the confined magnetic field plays an important role in determining the resonance frequency and the bandwidth broadening of the transmission line, which also contributes to the insertion loss difference. Our investigation provides experimental basis for developing better filtering device in the microwave and milimeter-wave range.

In this paper, we present a metamaterial coplanar waveguide (CPW) filter with performance improvement utilizing horizontal rectangular split ring resonators (SRRs). The filter is designed for S-Band frequency operation of 2.3 GHz allowing application in many microwave communication systems. We study S-parameter results and find that improvement of insertion loss and bandwidth can be obtained by making horizontal rectangular SRRs. Both simulation and experiment has been done to show performance improvement of the proposed filter. Further analysis on surface current density is presented to observe the coupling effect between CPW to SRRs.

Recently, X-band radar systems are used widely for surveillance and navigation applications. Especially in archipelago or maritime country, the surveillance/navigation radar systems are required to monitoring critical areas and managing marine traffic. Accurate detection and fast analysis should be improved furthermore to provide security and safety condition. Therefore, several radar systems should be installed in many places to coverage the critical areas within radar networks. The radar network can be connected using optical fibers since it has extremely low propagation loss with optical-wave to carry-out the radar-wave. One important component in the scenario is a radio to optical-wave conversion component. In this paper, we report a 10 GHz radio to optical-wave conversion component using standing-wave coplanar stripline (CPS) on LiNbO3 optical crystal as the substrate. The standing-wave CPS electrodes with narrow slot are arranged in an array structure. An optical waveguide is located close to the narrow slot. The CPS electrodes were analysed using electromagnetic analysis software for 10 GHz operational frequency. Responses for slot width and electrode length variation are reported. As results, return loss of -14.580 dB and -19.517 dB are obtained for single and array CPS electrodes respectively. Optimization of the designed radio to optical-wave conversion devices was also done.

Asymmetric Parallel-Cascaded Micro-ring Resonator (APCMR) and Double Ring Resonator (DDR) structures are an innovative form of Optical filter based on Micro-ring Resonator (MRR). In this paper we investigate comparison between APCMR and DRR structures . Vernier effects occur in the structure of DRR. The DRR structure has low crosstalk and large bandwidth than the APCMR structure.

Energy Detection is a popular technique to detect primary user (PU) in cognitive radio (CR) compared with others. Due to less complexity and easier to be implemented makes energy detector (ED) is a common technique in use for signal detection. This paper studies detection performance of primary signal under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with low signal to noise ratio (SNR). The performance of ED is evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with probability of detection (PD) and probability of false alarm (PF) as a metric. Then, probability of detection as a function of energy threshold is further studied. The derived results show that increasing the degree of energy threshold decreases detection performance in term of probability of detection.

We propose and discuss a compact bandpass filter in coplanar waveguide (CPW) loaded with rectangular split-ring resonators (SRRs). The proposed device is designed on a planar structure where the rectangular SRRs and CPW are arranged in the different side. Basic characteristics of the proposed device such as 2-factor, insertion loss, and out of band rejection are considered for X-Band radar operation. Analysis of rectangular shape of SRRs on filter performance is done with emphasis on coupling between adjacent SRRs. The proposed device has a small size which is good for miniaturization and has promising feature for applications in X-Band radar transceiver module. It can be easily fabricated by using standard photo-etching techniques.

In this paper, a multi-path optical ring resonator (MpORR) on silicon-on-insolator (SOI) is proposed for sensitivity enhancement in liquid chemical sensing applications. It is designed on Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) substrate and Silicon material as the core of optical waveguides. The proposed multi-path optical ring resonator can be realized with a wide free spectral value (FSR) of 3 THz. Therefore, the sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced. Analysis and optimization of the proposed multi-path optical ring resonator are discussed and reported for optical wavelength operation of 1550 nm. The proposed device can be used for identifying different liquid material precisely.

We propose and present millimeter-wave antennas using metamaterial ELC resonators on electro-optic substrates for wireless millimeter-wave receivers and optical modulators. Analysis for the antenna characteristics of the device are discussed at millimeter-wave frequency of 100GHz.

Regional Integrated Border Surveillance System, is a system that is capable to providing a wide range of data and actual informations. This system is very suitable to support efforts to control the border area by the government. Basically this system is the result of the integration between sub-system monitors. In this research activity has built models of Integrated Surveillance Systems Border Region, which consists of three sub-systems monitoring. Expected Integrated Surveillance System is able to improve the performance of agency-related agencies, which are replied the border of the region. In this Integrated Monitoring System model contained several types of technology, namely; telemetry, data acquisition, image processing, and smart multi-microcontroller-based Data Logger. This paper discusses the model development concept of Integrated Border Area Surveillance System, which allows it to be built in Indonesia as a model of integrations monitoring system for monitoring the border area.

High sensitivity environmental sensors with a simple and compact structure are required to monitor unwanted pollution such as liquid waste. In this paper an environmental sensor liquid waste using a polymer multi-coupled ring resonator (MCRR) structure is proposed. The proposed structure consists of polymeric materials on silicon substrate. Also discussed the influence of different refractive index values for the cover region to ligthwave transmittance in the structure designed. The transmitance value at the same wavelength lightwave operations between them are different, meaning that the proposed device can be used for identifying the difference of liquid material.