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Purpose: To establish determining factors for fast corneal sensitivity (CS) recovery after pterygium excision. Methods: Thirty-two eyes of 14 males and 18 females with primary nasal pterygium were recruited. Differences in CS (in the 4 quadrants and the center using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer), pterygium corneal area (PCA), tear osmolarity, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, and ocular symptoms were analyzed before and 1 month after lesion excision. The relationship between CS recovery (difference between the 2 time points; CS1 – CS0) and the other features was assessed. Results: All the studied locations exhibited normal (6 cm) or near-normal mean CS at the 2 time points, except a tendency for moderate hypoesthesia in nasal CS0 (median 4.5; range: 1.5–6.0 cm). Point by point comparison revealed significant postoperative improvements in nasal location (P = 0.008; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) with normal values in 17 eyes (53%) and a median CS1 = 5.0 cm (2.5–5.5 cm) in 15 eyes with no complete recovery. No significant correlation was found between CS0 and the studied variables, and CS1 was only significantly correlated with PCA (rho: -0.441; P < 0.05). CS recovery also showed significant correlation with PCA (rho = -0.516; P < 0.01). Conclusions: CS recovery after pterygium excision showed important variability, and the only studied factor that seems to be determinant could be PCA. It would be advisable to operate when the lesion is relatively small, with lower surgical injury and faster and complete recovery, thus protecting ocular surface homeostasis.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Os sepultamentos em igrejas e seus arredores foi por muitos anos uma prática difundida pelos cristãos em toda a Europa. Este hábito foi trazido pelos colonizadores portugueses, que perpetuaram estes enterros em terras americanas. Com o estabelecimento de Irmandades e Ordens Terceiras nas diversas capitanias, e especificamente na de Minas, os sepultamentos ocorriam não só nas igrejas, consideradas território santo, como nos cemitérios das confrarias, localizadas, na maioria das vezes, nos centros populacionais. Se por um lado, as práticas dos sepultamentos ditos “intramuros” se alastraram pelas capitanias ao longo dos séculos XVII e XVIII, por outro, surgiram tratados médicos e químicos que alertavam para os perigos sobre a proximidade entre vivos e mortos. No desenrolar dos setecentos europeu tratados, a exemplo do italiano Scipião Piatolli intitulado Saggio in torno al luogo del seppellire de 1774, e a releitura do mesmo feita pelo francês Vicq d’Azir, Essai sur les lieux et les dangers des sepultures, ambos discorrendo sobre os males causados pela proximidade dos vivos com os corpos mortos. A lei de 01º de outubro de 1828, estabelecia novo regimento às câmaras municipais, e versava em seu título terceiro, “Posturas Policiais”, artigo 66 parágrafo II, sobre a necessidade do estabelecimento de cemitérios fora do recinto dos templos. Neste sentido caberia aos poderes municipais, a partir de suas posturas, determinar como se daria a construção dos cemitérios. Burial in churches and their surroundings was for many years a widespread practice by Christians throughout Europe. This habit was brought by the Portuguese settlers, who perpetuated these burials in American lands. With the establishment of Brotherhoods and Third Orders in the various captaincies, and specifically in Minas, burials occurred not only in the churches, considered as holy territory, but also in the cemeteries of the confraternities, located, in most cases, in the population centers. If, on the one hand, the practices of so-called "intramural" burials spread through the captaincies throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, on the other hand, medical and chemical treatises emerged that warned of the dangers of proximity between the living and the dead. In the course of the seven hundred European treatises, such as that of the Italian Scipio Piatolli entitled Saggio in the 17th century, and the re-reading of the same by the French Vicq d'Azir, Essai sur les lieux et les dangers des sepultures, discussed the evils resulting from this contact with dead bodies to health and public health. The law of October 1st, 1828, which established a new regiment for the municipal councils, was in its third title, "Police Postures," article 66, paragraph 2, on the need to establish cemeteries outside the temple compound; for that, it would be up to the municipal powers, from their positions, to determine how the construction of the cemeteries would take place.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:00:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pamela Campos Levy.pdf: 4863540 bytes, checksum: 820e34768b005399acf73dec3e491ae5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease transmitted by Koch's bacillus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An estimated 1.4 million people died of tuberculosis in 2010. About 95% of these deaths occurred in developing countries, or development. In Brazil, each year are registered more than 68,000 new cases. Currently, Amazon is the Brazilian state with the highest incidence rate of the disease. a of TB diagnostic methods, adopted by the Ministry of Health is examining smear of bright field. The smear is the count of bacilli in slides containing sputum samples of the patient, prepared and stained according to the methodology standard. Over the past five years, research related to the recognition of bacilli tuberculosis, using images obtained by microscopy bright field, has been carried out with a view to automating this diagnostic method, given the fact that the number high smear tests performed by professional induce eyestrain and due to diagnostic errors. This paper presents a new method of recognition and targeting of tubercle bacilli in slides fields of images, containing pulmonary secretions of the patient, stained by Kinyoun method. From these bacilli images of pixels and background samples were extracted for training classifier. Images were automatically broken down into two groups, according with substantial content. The developed method selects an optimal set of color characteristics of the bacillus and of the background, using the method of selection climbing characteristics. These features were used in a pixel classifier, a multilayer perceptron, trained by backpropagation algorithm. The optimal set of features selected, {GI, Y-Cr, La, RG, a}, from the RGB color spaces, HSI, YCbCr and Lab, combined with the network perceptron with eighteen (18) neurons in first layer three (3) and the second one (1) in the third (18-3-1), resulted in an accuracy of 92.47% in the segmentation of bacilli. The image discrimination method in relation to automated background content contributed to affirm that the method described in this paper it is more appropriate to target bacilli images with low content density background (more uniform background). For future work, new techniques to remove noise present in images with high density of background content (containing background many artifacts) should be developed. A tuberculose (TB) ?? uma doen??a infectocontagiosa, transmitida pelo bacilo de Koch, ou Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estima-se que 1,4 milh??es de pessoas morreram de tuberculose em 2010. Cerca de 95% dessas mortes ocorreram em pa??ses subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, a cada ano s??o registrados mais de 68 mil novos casos. Atualmente, o Amazonas ?? o estado brasileiro com a maior taxa de incid??ncia da doen??a. Um dos m??todos de diagn??stico da TB, adotado pelo Minist??rio da Sa??de, ?? o exame de baciloscopia de campo claro. A baciloscopia consiste na contagem dos bacilos em l??minas contendo amostras de escarro do paciente, preparadas e coradas de acordo com metodologia padronizada. Nos ??ltimos cinco anos, pesquisas relacionadas ao reconhecimento de bacilos da tuberculose, utilizando imagens obtidas por microscopia de campo claro, tem sido realizadas com vistas a automatiza????o desse m??todo diagn??stico, em face do fato de que o n??mero elevado de exames de baciloscopia realizado pelos profissionais induzirem a fadiga visual e em consequ??ncia a erros diagn??sticos. Esse trabalho apresenta um novo m??todo de reconhecimento e segmenta????o de bacilos da tuberculose em imagens de campos de l??minas, contendo secre????o pulmonar do paciente, coradas pelo m??todo de Kinyoun. A partir dessas imagens foram extra??das amostras de pixels de bacilos e de fundo para treinamento do classificador. As imagens foram automaticamente discriminadas em dois grupos, de acordo com o conte??do de fundo. O m??todo desenvolvido seleciona um conjunto ??timo de caracter??sticas de cor do bacilo e do fundo da imagem, empregando o m??todo de sele????o escalar de caracter??sticas. Essas caracter??sticas foram utilizadas em um classificador de pixels, um perceptron multicamada, treinado pelo algoritmo backpropagation. O conjunto ??timo de caracter??sticas selecionadas, {G-I, Y-Cr, L-a, R-G, a}, proveniente dos espa??os de cores RGB, HSI, YCbCr e Lab, combinado com a rede perceptron com 18 (dezoito) neur??nios na primeira camada, 3 (tr??s) na segunda e 1 (um) na terceira (18-3-1), resultou em uma acur??cia de 92,47% na segmenta????o dos bacilos. O m??todo de discrimina????o de imagens em rela????o ao conte??do de fundo automatizado contribuiu para afirmar que o m??todo descrito neste trabalho ?? mais adequado para segmentar bacilos em imagens com baixa densidade de conte??do de fundo (fundo mais uniforme). Para os trabalhos futuros, novas t??cnicas para remover os ru??dos presentes em imagens com alta densidade de conte??do de fundo (fundo contendo muitos artefatos) devem ser desenvolvidas.

In this work, a survey of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, for amoebae and scuticociliatidia infections was carried out to evaluate their effects on the aquaculture of this fish species. The study was conducted in two different fish farms, one using seawater and the other brackish water. Infection with parasitic amoebae was found to be fairly high (prevalence: 43-73%), being more frequent in sea bass from the brackish water system. Although it was never found to cause outbreaks of disease or mortality in the surveyed fish, amoebic gill disease (AGD) histopathological signs, i.e., hyperplasia, secondary lamellae fusion and cavity formation (interlamellar vesicles), were observed in fish manifesting no macroscopic lesions. Furthermore, some evidence was found that amoebae affects the fish's general state of health and growth rate. These results indicate that cautious and detailed surveys to detect this sort of infection, and thus carefully plan its control, are fully justified. Compared with amoebic infection, the prevalence of scuticociliatosis was found to be low (7-13%). No outbreaks of disease or mortality were ever recorded, even when scuticociliatidia was present in turbot raised in the same water system, leading to serious outbreaks of disease and mortalities in that species. This suggests that sea bass is far more resistant than turbot to such infections, and if this is the case, the former fish may be a good farming alternative when scuticociliatidia is present.

The biaxial elastic constants and viscosity between 100 and 300 °C of amorphous PdSi/PdSiFe multilayered thin films with repeat lengths between 2.0 and 4.9 nm have been determined using substrate curvature measurements. No dependence on repeat length has been seen for either property. Linear increases of the multilayer viscosities with time are observed. An analysis of the viscous flow of multilayers shows that in the present case this regime is reached after a very short transient period.