16 results on '"Pamela Burns"'
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2. Trends in Sheltering and Welfare at the Hawaiian Humane Society, Oahu, Hawaii
- Author
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Christopher A. Lepczyk, Brianna McDowell, and Pamela Burns
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education.field_of_study ,Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Companion animal ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ownership ,Population ,Animal Welfare ,Housing, Animal ,Dogs ,Geography ,Euthanasia, Animal ,Animal welfare ,Cats ,Animals ,Regression Analysis ,Population growth ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Societies ,education ,Felis catus ,Socioeconomics ,Welfare ,media_common - Abstract
One of the major goals of an animal welfare organization is to reduce the number of homeless, nonhuman animals in a community. In Hawaii, the Hawaiian Humane Society has provided numerous animal welfare services to work toward this goal, such as offering sterilizations and microchipping at reduced rates and facilitating animal adoptions and education. In addition, the Leash Law and the Cat Identification Program have increased animal welfare through increasing the responsibilities of companion animal caregivers (owners). The goal of this research was to assess if temporal changes in animal sheltering have occurred in Hawaii. The study assessed this by analyzing historical data on dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) admitted, returned to owner, sterilized, euthanized, and adopted from the Humane Societies of Oahu, Hawaii, from 1993 to 2008. The study also analyzed dog and cat admittance and Honolulu population growth from 1975 to 2008. Sterilizations and pets returned to owners have increased significantly, whereas admittance and euthanasia rates have decreased significantly. Thus, although these data cannot conclusively state that there are fewer homeless animals in Hawaii, the results provide positive indicators of reducing homeless pets, especially when coupled with an increase in both the human population of Honolulu County and dog ownership.
- Published
- 2011
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3. Police Corruption
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Pamela Burns and Dale K. Sechrest
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ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Corruption ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Social change ,Ethnic group ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Miami ,Criminology ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Political science ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,Law ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This article examines how mandated changes in the screening, selection, and hiring of Miami police officers in the early 1980s contributed to corruption of significant proportions. It is hypothesized that police corruption occurred as a result of both social structural (or community) changes, and departmental problems. These factors are documented, as is the extent of police corruption. Screening, selection, and hiring practices for this period are addressed, particularly those related to affirmative action and testing procedures. Recommendations are made regarding future police hiring and supervision practices.
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- 1992
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4. Effect of (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxy) propyl] cytosine on the replication and morphogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1
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Pamela Burns, Richard J. Whitley, Earl R. Kern, and S. Chatterjee
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viruses ,Organophosphonates ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Kidney ,Virus Replication ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytosine ,Viral Proteins ,Capsid ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Virology ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,medicine ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Simplexvirus ,Cells, Cultured ,Pharmacology ,Cell fusion ,DNA synthesis ,virus diseases ,Molecular biology ,Herpes simplex virus ,chemistry ,DNA, Viral ,Intracellular ,Cidofovir - Abstract
Treatment of African green monkey kidney cells with 1 μ/ml of (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxy) propyl] cytosine (HPMPC) inhibited the release of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by more than 90%. Electron microscopic observations of HPMPC-treated monkey kidney cells demonstrated few intracellular or extracellular viral particles. The viral particles seen were without dense cores. In addition, HPMPC blocked cell fusion induced by HSV-1 in monkey kidney cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that HPMPC significantly blocked the expression of HSV-1-specific proteins. Furthermore, HPMPC inhibited the synthesis of viral DNA as determined by in situ hybridization. These results indicate that HPMPC inhibits the replication of HSV by blocking one of the events involved in DNA synthesis.
- Published
- 1992
5. Floral evolution and phylogeny in the tribeThelymitreae (Orchidaceae: Neottioideae)
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Pamela Burns-Balogh and Peter Bernhardt
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Orchidaceae ,biology ,Pollination ,Allopatric speciation ,Introgression ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Tribe (biology) ,Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Botany ,Biological dispersal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Calochilus - Abstract
The Australian orchid tribeThelymitreae, composed ofCalochilus, Epiblema, andThelymitra, is unique in theOrchidaceae because of the presence of a mitra or staminodal complex. Evidence from floral structure suggests thatEpiblema andThelymitra are sister genera and thatCalochilus is derived from aThelymitra ancestor. A “Gene Pool Vortex” model and a hypothetical phylogeny illustrate that introgressive hybridization, allopatry, and long distance dispersal have played a major role in the evolution of the tribe. Pollination and hybridization in the tribe are discussed with major emphasis on floral mimicry.
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- 1988
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6. Floral mimesis inThelymitra nuda (Orchidaceae)
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Peter Bernhardt and Pamela Burns-Balogh
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Orchidaceae ,Halictidae ,education.field_of_study ,Rostellum ,Forage (honey bee) ,biology ,Population ,Stamen ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pollen ,Botany ,medicine ,Nectar ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Insect pollination occurred inThelymitra nuda R. Br. on sunny days when the ambient temperature exceeded 20 °C. The flower buds on a raceme opened subsynchronously displaying the brightly-colored, actinomorphic perianth and exposed the contrastingly-colored, scented and ornamented column. InT. nuda the staminodes and the filament of the fertile stamen are fused to one another producing an inflated hood over the anther. This staminodal hood is terminated in two non-ornamental, but brightly-colored, central lobes and two terete lateral lobes bearing approximately 400 white trichomes. Each trichome bears a double chain of 30–40 spherical, rugulose cells. Female bees, in the genusLasioglossum (Halictidae), were observed to land directly on the hood and curled their bodies around the four lobed tip of the staminodal complex. The bees attempted to forage on the lobes as if they were collecting pollen from fertile, poricidal stamens. These bees applied thoracic vibration to the yellowish central lobes and actively scraped the trichome clusters (Pseudopollen) with their forelegs. Bees carried the pollinaria ofT. nuda dorsally on their abdomens. Abdominal contact with the rostellum appeared to occur when the female bee disengaged herself from the staminodal hood. Observations made of bees on co-blooming flowers, and analyses of pollen loads collected by bees suggested that the orchid flower mimics the guild of blue-purple flowers that lack floral nectar but offer pollen in poricidal anthers. The models ofT. nuda are co-bloomingLiliaceae in the generaDichopogon andThysanotus. However, nectarless, buzz-pollinated flowers are also extensively distributed over the orchid’s range. More than 30% of the flowers in theT. nuda population had their pollinaria removed, suggesting a high capacity for cross-pollination in an orchid genus usually considered to be self-pollinated via mechanical autogamy. This study confirmed previous predictions that column modifications represented a trend towards pseudanthery.
- Published
- 1986
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7. Observations of the floral biology ofPrasophyllum odoratum (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae)
- Author
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Pamela Burns-Balogh and Peter Bernhardt
- Subjects
Orchidaceae ,Prasophyllum ,Forage (honey bee) ,biology ,Raceme ,Pollinator ,Botany ,Nectar ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Column (botany) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Colletidae - Abstract
Prasophyllum odoratum is a vernal, nectariferous, terrestrial orchid that flowers profusely six to eight months following cyclical fires that disrupt sclerophyll woodlands. The morphology of the column and pollinarium is indicative of taxa placed within the subfam.Spiranthoideae. The orientation of the pollinaria to the stigma appears to prevent mechanical self-pollination. Both cross- and self-pollination appear to be effected by insects that forage within the brightly-colored, scented, non-resupinate flowers. Ants and drosophilid flies remove nectar, but do not appear to transport pollinaria between flowers. The primary pollinators are polytrophic flies in the fam.Syrphidae and opportunistic male bees in the genusLeioproctus (Colletidae). Approximately 52% of the flowers on a raceme set seed. The comparatively short floral tube ofP. odoratum reflects the dependence of this species on short-tongued insects to effect successful dispersal of pollinaria.
- Published
- 1986
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8. A THEORY ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE EXINE IN ORCHIDACEAE
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Pamela Burns-Balogh
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Orchidaceae ,biology ,Pollen ,Botany ,Genetics ,Ultrastructure ,medicine ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 1983
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9. Pollen morphology of the cypripedioid orchids
- Author
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Michael Hesse and Pamela Burns-Balogh
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Pollinium ,Orchidaceae ,Cypripedium ,biology ,Plant Science ,Selenipedium ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Phragmipedium ,Paphiopedilum ,Pollen ,Botany ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Aperture (botany) - Abstract
Pollen morphology of the four traditional genera (Paphiopedilum, Selenipedium, Cypripedium, Phragmipedium) comprising the cypripedioid orchids indicates that the monads are sulcate, more or less smooth-surfaced, and covered by a non-acetolysis resistant layer called elastoviscin. Evidence from ultrathin sections of pollen grains shows that typical exine layers are present only inSelenipedium, modified inPhragmipedium and absent inPaphiopedilum and most species ofCypripedium; that a small, inconspicuous portion of the grain surface is constructed as a sulcus; and that the pollen grain wall acts as a sponge in rapidly absorbing water. Several instances of parallelisms between non-related families and among different groups of orchids are reported and new ideas on the evolution of theCypripedioideae are presented.
- Published
- 1987
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10. Evolutionary trends in the androecium of theOrchidaceae
- Author
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Pamela Burns-Balogh and Peter Bernhardt
- Subjects
Orchidaceae ,Gynoecium ,biology ,Pollination ,Staminode ,Stamen ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollen dispersal ,medicine.disease_cause ,Apex (geometry) ,Pollen ,Botany ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The evolution of the androecium in theOrchidaceae shows three major trends. There is a progressive trend in the degree of fusion of the filament(s) and staminode(s) to the gynoecium. Secondly, there is a reduction in the number of fertile anthers. Finally, there is a progressive change in the position of the base of the anther relative to the apex of the stigma; in the more primitive orchids the apex of the stigma is always higher than the base of the anther (this position is reversed in the higher orchids). All three trends reflect variation in the evolution of pollen dispersal and pollen reception mechanisms in theOrchidaceae. Trends in the evolution of the orchid anther(s) tend to parallel trends in the evolution of their pollinaria.
- Published
- 1985
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11. Evolution, pollination, and systematics of the tribeNeottieae (Orchidaceae)
- Author
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Pamela Burns-Balogh, Amots Dafni, and Dariusz L. Szlachetko
- Subjects
Systematics ,Orchidaceae ,Pollination ,biology ,Zoology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Plant Science ,Pollination syndrome ,biology.organism_classification ,Neottieae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Labellum ,Cladistics - Abstract
The various classifications of the orchid tribeNeottieae are reviewed and a new classification is proposed that divides the tribe into three subtribes,Neottiinae, Limodorinae, andCephalantherinae, based primarily on characters of the column (gynostemium). A cladistic analysis illustrates that these three subtribes are more closely related to one another than either is to any other group in subfam.Neottioideae, although there are very few apomorphic characters for the tribe. Pollination biology is also discussed showing links between breeding systems and distribution. There is also a possible role between column and labellum morphology and the emergence of a deceptive pollination syndrome from one of reward.
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- 1987
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12. A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae
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Pamela Burns-Balogh and V. A. Funk
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
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13. The Capitate-Flowered Epiphytic Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) and a New Genus from Paraguay
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Harold Robinson, Mercedes S. Foster, and Pamela Burns-Balogh
- Subjects
Orchidaceae ,Spiranthinae ,biology ,Genus ,Botany ,Eurystyles ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Plant Science ,Epiphyte ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Eurystyles Alliance is reviewed with regard to column characters, and a new genus, Synanthes, is described. Three genera, Eurystyles, Pseudoeurystyles, and Synanthes, compose the alliance of capitate-flowerd epiphytic Spiranthinae.
- Published
- 1985
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14. Evidence for a Primitively Epiphytic Habit in Orchidaceae
- Author
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Pamela Burns-Balogh and Harold Robinson
- Subjects
Orchidaceae ,biology ,Pollination ,Ecology ,Zoology ,Epidendroideae ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Taxon ,Sensu ,Spiranthes ,Genetics ,Orchidoideae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Goodyera - Abstract
Both terrestrial and epiphytic orchids share a specialized reproduc- tive biology that is particularly marked in contrast to the facultative mechanisms of a basically terrestrial family, Asteraceae. The specialized biology of the orchids is attributed to an epiphytic ancestry for the family, with evidence from pollination mechanism, seeds, and roots. The zygomorphic orchid flower form can be traced to a pendant form of primitive inflorescence. Repeated reversions of orchids to the terrestrial habit are indicated, and extinction of primitive epiphytic forms is believed to follow a general pattern of extinction of primitive forms in other evolutionarily successful families such as Asteraceae. The studies of the senior author on members of both Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, each containing 20,000 to 25,000 species, has raised a serious question regarding the very different mechanisms of these two evolu- tionarily successful families of flowering plants (Wagenitz 1981). Aster- aceae, a family of unquestionable terrestrial ancestry, has very facul- tative reproductive mechanisms, while Orchidaceae, even in terrestrial members, has highly specialized reproductive biology. The contrast has been sufficient to call the ancestry of the terrestrial members of the orchids into question. Independently, the junior author, on the basis of her work in the primarily terrestrial orchid subfamilies Neottioideae, Orchidoideae, and Spiranthoideae (sensu Balogh and Robinson unpub- lished), had begun to suspect that such groups were primitively epiphytic. A joint effort is made here to explore the latter possibility using initially the example of Spiranthoideae and extending the conclusions to other terrestrial subfamilies. Probably ninety-five percent of species of Spiranthoideae are terres- trial (Balogh in prep.), including all of the north temperate genera such as Spiranthes Rich. and Goodyera R. Br. that are familiar to most taxon- omists. As such, the group is thoroughly adapted to the soil, and it is not surprising that the group is generally regarded as primitively terrestrial (Dressler 1981, pers. comm.). Problems arise in this assumption, how- ever, when one notes all the specializations that are shared by Spiran- thoideae and the predominantly epiphytic Epidendroideae. In seed type, floral details, and root structure, Spiranthoideae seem to show special- izations that are, as elaborated below, unlikely in plants lacking an epi- phytic ancestry. We recognize that specializations, in themselves, prove only that such specializations are able to be produced and to survive, but the numerous and sometimes extreme specializations of Spiranthoideae are believed to be impossible except in response to circumstances not
- Published
- 1982
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15. Evolution and Phylogeny of the Pelexia Alliance (Orchidaceae: Spiranthoideae: Spiranthinae)
- Author
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Harold Robinson and Pamela Burns-Balogh
- Subjects
Rostellum ,Potosia ,biology ,Sarcoglottis ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Cladogram ,Schiedeella ,Spiranthes ,Botany ,Genetics ,Pelexia ,Column (botany) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Pelexia alliance is distinguished by a blade-like, truncate rostellum, a viscidium with a sUrface that must be ruptured, and an apical extension on the anther covering the immature viscidium. Pelexia, Sarcoglottis, and Cyclopogon and their sections are treated cladistically. The unique position of the stylar canal entrance above the stigmatic surface in Pelexia and Sarcoglottis is considered specialized. Transfer of Pelexia sect. Potosia is confirmed. Various elements of the alliance appear specialized for different habitats and pollinators. The Pelexia alliance seems to have diverged early in the history of the subtribe. Pelexia Poit. ex Lindley is a member of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae), a largely terrestrial group characterized by a dorsal erect anther, fascicled roots, inconspicuous staminodia, and resupinate flowers. In Schlechter's (1920) revision of the subtribe, characteristics of the column apex, such as the rostellum and viscidium, were used to segregate the various members into four complexes; these are termed the Spiranthes, Brachystele, Pelexia, and Stenorrhynchos alliances (Balogh 1982). As redefined by Balogh (1982), the Brachystele alliance has a very reduced rostellum that is usually inseparable from the apical viscidium portion; the Pelexia alliance has an elongate, broad, laminar rostellum with an apical viscidium portion; the Spiranthes alliance has a broad laminar rostellum with a centrally located viscidium portion; and the Stenorrhynchos alliance has a subulate, bristlelike rostellum that is ensheathed by the viscidium portion. As distinguished by Schlechter (1920), the Pelexia alliance contained Pelexia, Sarcoglottis Presl, Cyclopogon Presl, Deiregyne Schltr., Gamosepalum Schltr., Schiedeella Schltr., and Eurystyles Wawra. In Balogh (1982) Deiregyne and Gamosepalum were combined and transferred to a separate alliance, Eurystyles was transferred to a separate alliance, and Schiedeella was transferred to the Stenorrhynchos alliance. Evidence cited below favors combining the remaining elements into three genera, Pelexia, Sarcoglottis, and Cyclopogon (including Beadlea Small and Manniella americana C. Schweinf. & Garay). The distinctive rostellum that remains more or less intact after removal of the viscidium portion has proven to be correlated with other character states such as the rupturable viscidium and the presence of an apical extension on the anther that protects the immature viscidium. These structural specializations along with others discussed below provide sufficient basis for an attempt to analyze the group cladistically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials used in this study were taken from fluid-preserved flowers on deposit at AMO and in the personal collection of Burns-Balogh. It is important in a study based on column structure to use fluid-preserved or fresh flowers because pressing and drying causes loss in detail of the column structures. For an outgroup, the Pelexia alliance is compared with the typical element of the subtribe, the Spiranthes alliance, as represented by Spiranthes Rich., a genus common in temperate North America and comparatively unspecialized or plesiomorphic in many significant character states. Polarity of characters was based on outgroup comparison (Watrous and Wheeler 1981) in which more general character states are plesiomorphic. The cladogram (fig. 1) was constructed in the most parsimonious manner attempting to minimize the amount of homoplasy. During the present study, the various character states have been found to follow along the generic lines established by Balogh (1982) confirming results that were based on traditional taxonomic methods. In Balogh (1982) no attempt was made to go into detail of each genus or alliance or the evolution of each group. The purpose of this paper is to apply cladistic methods to the Pelexia alliance in order to understand the evolution of the group.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
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16. The Ecological Station of Uppsala University on Oeland 1963-1983, Selected Works from 1973-1983
- Author
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Pamela Burns-Balogh, J. Tengoe, B. G. Svensson, L. Agren, G. Bergstroem, and B. Kullenberg
- Subjects
Geography ,Ecology ,Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The ecological station of Uppsala university on Oland 1963-1983 : selected works from 1973-1983
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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