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2. MIK2 is a candidate gene of the S-locus for sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) in chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae)

Author

Palumbo, Fabio, Draga, Samela, Magon, Gabriele, Gabelli, Giovanni, Vannozzi, Alessandro, Farinati, Silvia, Scariolo, Francesco, Lucchin, Margherita, and Barcaccia, Gianni

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

The Cichorium genus offers a unique opportunity to study the sporophytic self incompatibility (SSI) system, being composed of species characterized by highly efficient SI (C. intybus) and complete self compatibility (C. endivia). The chicory genome was used to map 7 previously identified SSI locus-associated markers. The region containing the S locus was restricted to an 4 M bp window on chromosome 5. Among the genes predicted in this region, MDIS1 INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) was promising as a candidate for SSI. Its ortholog in Arabidopsis is involved in pollen stigma recognition reactions, and its protein structure is similar to that of S-receptor kinase (SRK), a key component of the SSI in the Brassica genus. The sequencing of MIK2 in chicory and endive accessions revealed two contrasting scenarios. In C. endivia, MIK2 was fully conserved even comparing different botanical varieties (smooth and curly). In C. intybus, 387 SNPs and 3 INDELs were identified when comparing accessions of different biotypes from the same botanical variety (radicchio). The SNP distribution throughout the gene was uneven, with hypervariable domains preferentially localized in the LRR-rich extracellular region, putatively identified as the receptor domain. The gene was hypothesized to be under positive selection, as the nonsynonymous mutations were more than double the synonymous ones (dN / dS = 2.17). An analogous situation was observed analyzing the first 500 bp of the MIK2 promoter: no SNPs were observed among the endive samples, whereas 44 SNPs and 6 INDELs were detected among the chicory samples. Further analyses are needed to confirm the role of MIK2 in SSI and to demonstrate whether the 23 species-specific nonsynonymous SNPs in the CDS and/or the species-specific 10 bp INDEL found in a CCAAT box region of the promoter are responsible for the contrasting sexual behaviors of the two species.

Published
2023

27. New Nanovesicles from Prickly Pear Fruit Juice: A Resource with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Nutrigenomic Properties.

Author

Naselli, Flores, Volpes, Sara, Cardinale, Paola Sofia, Palumbo, Fabio Salvatore, Cancilla, Francesco, Lopresti, Francesco, Villanova, Valeria, Girgenti, Antonella, Nuzzo, Domenico, Caradonna, Fabio, and Picone, Pasquale

Subjects
OPUNTIA ficus-indica, OPUNTIA, ZETA potential, FRUIT juices, NUTRITIONAL genomics, WOUND healing
Abstract

Plant-derived nanovesicles represent a novel approach in the field of plant-derived biomaterials, offering a sustainable and biocompatible option for various biomedical applications. The unique properties of these vesicles, such as their ability to encapsulate bioactive compounds, make them suitable for therapeutic, cosmetic, and nutraceutical purposes. In this study, we have, for the first time, successfully bio-fabricated vesicles derived from Opuntia ficus-indica (FicoVes) using an efficient and cost-effective method. Characterized by a size of approximately of 114 nm and a negative zeta potential of −20.9 mV, FicoVes exhibited excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, showing no reduction in the viability of human and animal cells. Our results showed that FicoVes possess significant antioxidant properties as they reduced ROS generation in TBH-stimulated cells. FicoVes displayed anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il 1β, TNF α) and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL10) following an inflammatory stimulus. Furthermore, FicoVes accelerated epithelial wound closure in L929 fibroblast monolayers in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting their potential role in tissue repair. This study establishes FicoVes as a promising candidate for nutrigenomic applications, particularly in the context of inflammation-related disorders and wound healing. Further research, including in vivo studies, is essential to validate these findings and fully explore their therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. How Helpful May Be a CRISPR/Cas-Based System for Food Traceability?

Author

Farinati, Silvia, Devillars, Aurélien, Gabelli, Giovanni, Vannozzi, Alessandro, Scariolo, Francesco, Palumbo, Fabio, and Barcaccia, Gianni

Subjects
GENETIC techniques, GENOME editing, GENETIC regulation, CRISPRS, FOOD traceability
Abstract

Genome editing (GE) technologies have the potential to completely transform breeding and biotechnology applied to crop species, contributing to the advancement of modern agriculture and influencing the market structure. To date, the GE-toolboxes include several distinct platforms able to induce site-specific and predetermined genomic modifications, introducing changes within the existing genetic blueprint of an organism. For these reasons, the GE-derived approaches are considered like new plant breeding methods, known also as New Breeding Techniques (NBTs). Particularly, the GE-based on CRISPR/Cas technology represents a considerable improvement forward biotech-related techniques, being highly sensitive, precise/accurate, and straightforward for targeted gene editing in a reliable and reproducible way, with numerous applications in food-related plants. Furthermore, numerous examples of CRISPR/Cas system exploitation for non-editing purposes, ranging from cell imaging to gene expression regulation and DNA assembly, are also increasing, together with recent engagements in target and multiple chemical detection. This manuscript aims, after providing a general overview, to focus attention on the main advances of CRISPR/Cas-based systems into new frontiers of non-editing, presenting and discussing the associated implications and their relative impacts on molecular traceability, an aspect closely related to food safety, which increasingly arouses general interest within public opinion and the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. The Transcriptional Landscape of Berry Skin in Red and White PIWI ("Pilzwiderstandsfähig") Grapevines Possessing QTLs for Partial Resistance to Downy and Powdery Mildews.

Author

Scariolo, Francesco, Gabelli, Giovanni, Magon, Gabriele, Palumbo, Fabio, Pirrello, Carlotta, Farinati, Silvia, Curioni, Andrea, Devillars, Aurélien, Lucchin, Margherita, Barcaccia, Gianni, and Vannozzi, Alessandro

Subjects
GENE expression, VITIS vinifera, DOWNY mildew diseases, GRAPE quality, GENE regulatory networks, POWDERY mildew diseases
Abstract

PIWI, from the German word Pilzwiderstandsfähig, meaning "fungus-resistant", refers to grapevine cultivars bred for resistance to fungal pathogens such as Erysiphe necator (the causal agent of powdery mildew) and Plasmopara viticola (the causal agent of downy mildew), two major diseases in viticulture. These varieties are typically developed through traditional breeding, often crossbreeding European Vitis vinifera with American or Asian species that carry natural disease resistance. This study investigates the transcriptional profiles of exocarp tissues in mature berries from four PIWI grapevine varieties compared to their elite parental counterparts using RNA-seq analysis. We performed RNA-seq on four PIWI varieties (two red and two white) and their noble parents to identify differential gene expression patterns. Comprehensive analyses, including Differential Gene Expression (DEGs), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and tau analysis, revealed distinct gene clusters and individual genes characterizing the transcriptional landscape of PIWI varieties. Differentially expressed genes indicated significant changes in pathways related to organic acid metabolism and membrane transport, potentially contributing to enhanced resilience. WGCNA and k-means clustering highlighted co-expression modules linked to PIWI genotypes and their unique tolerance profiles. Tau analysis identified genes uniquely expressed in specific genotypes, with several already known for their defense roles. These findings offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine resistance and suggest promising avenues for breeding strategies to enhance disease resistance and overall grape quality in viticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Schiff Base-Based Hydrogel Embedded with In Situ Generated Silver Nanoparticles Capped by a Hyaluronic Acid–Diethylenetriamine Derivative for Wound Healing Application

Author

Martorana, Annalisa, primary, Lenzuni, Martina, additional, Contardi, Marco, additional, Palumbo, Fabio S., additional, Cataldo, Salvatore, additional, Pettignano, Alberto, additional, Catania, Valentina, additional, Schillaci, Domenico, additional, Summa, Maria, additional, Athanassiou, Athanassia, additional, Fiorica, Calogero, additional, Bertorelli, Rosalia, additional, and Pitarresi, Giovanna, additional

Published
2024
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45. Interlaboratory study on Sb2S3 interplay between structure, dielectric function, and amorphous-to-crystalline phase change for photonics

Author

Gutiérrez, Yael, Ovvyan, Anna P., Santos, Gonzalo, Juan, Dilson, Rosales, Saul A., Junquera, Javier, García-Fernández, Pablo, Dicorato, Stefano, Giangregorio, Maria M., Dilonardo, Elena, Palumbo, Fabio, Modreanu, Mircea, Resl, Josef, Ishchenko, Olga, Garry, Guy, Jonuzi, Tigers, Georghe, Marin, Cobianu, Cornel, Hingerl, Kurt, Cobet, Christoph, Moreno, Fernando, Pernice, Wolfram H.P., and Losurdo, Maria

Published
2024
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