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Palpomyia Meigen Palpomyia Meigen, 1818: 82. Type species: Ceratopogon flavipes Meigen, by monotypy. Generic name first published in synonymy with Ceratopogon but available under ICZN Code Article 11(e)., Published as part of Huerta, Herón & Spinelli, Gustavo R., 2021, New records of the predaceous midge genus Palpomyia from Mexico, with a new species in the Palpomyia distincta group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 550-560 in Zootaxa 5020 (3) on page 551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5224033, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vol. 1. Gedrukt bei Beaufort Sohn, Bei Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann, Aachen, 333 pp., 11 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13731"]}

Palpomyia aspina Grogan & Wirth (Figs. 1A, 2A, 4A, 6A, 7) Palpomyia aspina Grogan & Wirth, 1979: 37 (female; USA, Texas; figs.). Borkent & Wirth 1997: 130 (in World catalog); Borkent & Grogan 2009: 28 (in Nearctic catalog north of Mexico; distribution); Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 206 (in World catalog). Diagnosis. The only species of the tibialis group with the following combination of characters: thorax, including legs dark brown, fore femur and distal ½ of fore tibia slightly paler, legs without femoral spines. Male unknown. Remarks. This species was only known from the Nearctic region in USA (Texas). We provide the first record for Mexico and Guatemala, and the Neotropical region. William L. Grogan (personal communication) recently informed us that he slides mounted 2 large (WL 2.84 mm) females from Guatemala collected during 2012 with CR 0.93−0.94, which is slightly smaller than the holotype (CR 0.96). Material examined. Mexico, Oaxaca, San Juan Juichicovi, Locality El Zacatal, 460 m., potrero, 27− jul− 2009, CDC trap, cols. Salceda−Sánchez, B., Rodríguez, A. & Ordóñez-Álvarez, J., 2 females, CAIM. New Record for Mexico and Guatemala. Distribution. USA (Texas), Mexico (Oaxaca), Guatemala., Published as part of Huerta, Herón & Spinelli, Gustavo R., 2021, New records of the predaceous midge genus Palpomyia from Mexico, with a new species in the Palpomyia distincta group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 550-560 in Zootaxa 5020 (3) on page 553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.3.6, {"references":["Grogan, W. L. Jr. & Wirth, W. W. (1979) The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 8, i - vi, + 1 - 125.","Borkent, A. & Wirth, W. W. (1997) World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 233, 1 - 257.","Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. Jr. (2009) Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera). Zootaxa, 2273 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2273.1.1","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1, 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1"]}

Palpomyia freidbergi Alwin-Kownacka & Szadziewski sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 740DBF40-E804-477B-A437-E73110DF1287 Fig. 4 Diagnosis This new species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: males with 4���5 fore femoral ventral spines; very short sternite IX; parameres fused, curved ventrally, apex pointed; and aedeagus with very high basal arch and plate-like apex. Females with 6���9 fore femoral spines; claws without basal inner teeth; and 2 large seminal capsules. Etymology The species is named for Amnon Freidberg, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel, who kindly sent us biting midges from Israel. Material examined Holotype ISRAEL: ♂, Enot Zukim, 11 Oct. 1994, A. Freidberg and F. Kaplan leg. (TAU). Paratypes ISRAEL: 4 ♀♀, same collection data as holotype except 22 Apr. 1998, A. Freidberg leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, En Feshkha, 11 Aug. 1986, A. Freidberg leg. (TAU); 9 ♀♀, Roch Zukim, 10 Apr. 1994, A. Freidberg and F. Kaplan leg. (TAU). Description Male HEAD. Uniformly brown. Antenna pale brown, with sparse plume; flagellomeres 9���13 slightly darker than 1���8; flagellomeres 10���13 elongate; total flagellum length of 1.00 mm; antennal ratio 1.40. Palpus (Fig. 4C) yellowish, slender; third segment cylindrical, with several distinct capitate sensilla; palpal ratio 3.00. THORAX (Fig. 4B). Brown with scutum, scutellum, katepisternum and mediotergite slightly darker; scutum, scutellum, anteroanepisternum with fine setae, katepisternum and mediotergite bare; 1 row of 3 bristles posterior to sutura transveralis; 1 bristle on scutum just anterior of scutellum; scutellum with 4 marginal bristles. Wing (Fig. 4A) with distinct veins; first radial cell about 2 �� shorter than second; wing length 1.34 mm; costal ratio 0.70. Legs (Fig. 4B) slender; fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxae brownish; fore and mid femora yellow, hind femur yellow with dark brown apex; fore femur with 4���5 stout, black ventral spines; fore and mid tibiae yellow, slightly smoky on proximal portions; hind tibia uniformly dark brown; tarsi yellow, tarsomeres 4���5 slightly darker than 1���3; tarsal ratio of fore leg 1.90, of mid leg 3.30, of hind leg 2.40. ABDOMEN (Fig. 4B). Pale brown. GENITALIA (Fig. 4 E���G). Sternite IX (Fig. 4G) narrow. Gonocoxite slender, elongate; gonostylus swollen on basal portion, distal half slender, greatly curved, with blunt apex. Parameres (Fig. 4F) fused, base W-shaped, expanded on mid portion, apex pointed, bent ventrally. Aedeagus (Fig. 4G) triangular; basal arch very high; membrane with numerous fine microtrichia; apex plate-like. Female Similar to male with the usual sexual differences. Antenna uniformly pale brown; total flagellum length of 1.40���1.60 mm; antennal ratio 1.40���1.60. Palpal ratio 4.50. Mandible with 6���7 large teeth. THORAX. Coloration and arrangement of bristles as in male. Wing as in male but larger with longer costa (Fig. 4A); wing length 2.10���2.20 mm; costal ratio 0.80. Coloration of legs as in male; fore femur armed with 6���9 stout, black ventral spines (Fig. 4D); tarsal ratio of fore leg 2.10���2.40, of mid leg 3.80���4.50, of hind leg 2.30���2.50. ABDOMEN. Pale brown, with 2 pairs of internal tergal apodemes. Two large, subequal, ovoid seminal capsules (Fig. 4H) with short necks, measuring 0.08���0.10 �� 0.12���0.14 mm and 0.06���0.08 �� 0.10���0.12 mm. Distribution Israel; known only from the type locality. Remarks Males of this new species have an aedeagus with an unusual plate-like apex that is similar to that of males of P. mahyoubi from Yemen. This newly described species differs mostly in having pale legs with a dark brown hind tibia, only the fore femur armed with ventral spines and a distinctly curved gonostylus. Males of P. mahyoubi have a nearly straight gonostylus, dark brown legs, and all femora have ventral spines., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451

Palpomyia flavipes (Meigen, 1804) Ceratopogon flavipes Meigen, 1804: 28 (♂, locality not given). Ceratopogon hortulanus Meigen, 1818: 81 (♀, Europe). Ceratopogon flavipes ��� Walker 1856: 228 (♀, Great Britain; = C. hortulanus). Palpomyia flavipes ��� Kieffer 1901: 157 (♂, combination). ��� Krzywiński 1995: 75 (♂, ♀, distribution). Diagnosis Body with flattened setae with thin, whip-like tips; thorax uniformly dark. Legs yellow; femora as well as fore and mid tibiae with apical brown bands; hind tibia brown; fore femur with 5���8 spines. Male genitalia with relatively short gonocoxite; gonostylus almost straight, as long as gonocoxite; parameres fused, slender, expanded apically; aedeagus triangular with low basal arch and evenly rounded apex. Females with 2 large oval seminal capsules with short necks. Material examined ISRAEL: 1 ♀, Dan, 21 Jul. 1983, I. Nussbaum leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, same collection data except 28 Sep. 1983 (TAU); 1 ♀, Park Hayarden, 7 May 1987, I. Yarom leg. (TAU); 2 ♀♀, same collection data except 7 May 1987, F. Kaplan leg. (TAU); 1 ♀, same collection data except 14 Apr. 1999, A. Freidberg leg. (TAU); 1 ♂, Lifta, 10 May 1987, I. Nussbaum leg. (TAU). Distribution Armenia, Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, N and NW Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine), Georgia, Kazakhstan and Turkey (Remm 1988; Szadziewski et al. 2013; Turgut & Kilic 2015). The above records are the first from Israel., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Meigen J. W. 1804. Klassifikation und Beschreibung der Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Vol. 1. XXX, Braunschweig.","Meigen J. W. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten. Part 1. Beaufort Sohn, Aachen, Germany. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12741784 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Walker F. 1856. Insecta Britannica. Diptera. Vol. 3. Reeve and Benham, London.","Kieffer J. J. 1901. Synopse des representants europeens du groupe Ceratopogon, avec description d'especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Metz 9: 143 - 165. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33770412 [accessed 3 Apr. 2017].","Krzywinski J. 1995. Rewizja Systematyczna Drapieznych Kuczmanow Plemienia Palpomyiini Polski (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). PhD Thesis (manuscript). Uniwersytet Gdanski, Gdansk, Poland.","Remm H. 1988. Family Ceratopogonidae. In: Soos A. & Papp L. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 3: 11 - 110. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.","Szadziewski R., Borkent A. & Dominiak P. 2013. Ceratopogonidae. In: Beuk P. & Pape T. (eds) Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea v. 2.6. 2. Available from http: // www. faunaeur. org [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Turgut F. & Kilic A. Y. 2015. The Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) fauna of the Central Black Sea Region in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 39 (6): 1071 - 1089. https: // doi. org /: 10.3906 / zoo- 1410 - 33"]}

Palpomyia serripes (Meigen, 1818) Ceratopogon serripes Meigen, 1818: 82 (♀, Germany). Ceratopogon flavitarsis Meigen, 1838: 20 (♀, locality unknown). Ceratopogon transfuga Staeger, 1839: 598 (♀, Denmark). Ceratopogon tarsatus Zetterstedt, 1855: 4874 (♀, Sweden). Palpomyia ruficeps Kieffer, 1918: 59 (♀, Tunisia). Palpomyia serripes ��� Kieffer 1906: 63 (combination). ��� Goetghebuer 1920: 20 (♂, ♀, Belgium); 1934: 72 (♂, ♀; = P. ruficeps). ��� Edwards 1926: 422 (♂, ♀; = C. transfuga, P. tarsatus). ��� Szadziewski 1986: 87 (♀, redescription, distribution, Sweden). ��� Krzywiński 1995: 55 (♂, ♀, Poland, Sweden). ��� Turgut & Kilic 2015: 14 (♀, Turkey). Diagnosis Body blackish-brown. Palpus and flagellum brown. Legs blackish-brown; fore femur and tarsomeres 1���2 paler, darker distally; tarsomeres 3���5 brown. All femora armed with spines; fore femur with 3���6, mid femur with 0���3 and hind femur with 0���3 spines. Female with 2 round seminal capsules with distinct necks. Parameres in male genitalia broad and separated on distal half. Distribution Armenia, Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland), Tunisia, Georgia and Japan. In the Middle East known from Turkey (Szadziewski et al. 2013; Turgut & Kilic 2015)., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Meigen J. W. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten. Part 1. Beaufort Sohn, Aachen, Germany. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12741784 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Meigen J. W. 1838. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten. Part 7 or Supplement. Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm, Germany. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12841287 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Staeger R. C. 1839. Systematisk fortegnelse over de i Danmark hidtil fundne Diptera. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 2: 549 - 600.","Zetterstedt J. W. 1855. Diptera Scandinaviae Disposita et Descripta. Vol. 12: 4547 - 4942. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9906725 [accessed 4 Aprt. 2017].","Kieffer J. J. 1918. Chironomides d'Afrique et d'Asie conserves au Museum national hongrois de Budapest. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 16: 31 - 139.","Kieffer J. J. 1906. Chironomidae. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum 42: 1 - 78. Verteneuil & Desmet, Brussels.","Goetghebuer M. 1920. Ceratopogoninae de Belgique. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 8 (3): 1 - 116. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42372753 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Edwards, F. W. 1926. On the British biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 74: 389 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1926. tb 02249. x","Szadziewski R. 1986. Redescriptions and notes on some Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Polish Journal of Entomology 56: 3 - 103.","Krzywinski J. 1995. Rewizja Systematyczna Drapieznych Kuczmanow Plemienia Palpomyiini Polski (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). PhD Thesis (manuscript). Uniwersytet Gdanski, Gdansk, Poland.","Turgut F. & Kilic A. Y. 2015. The Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) fauna of the Central Black Sea Region in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 39 (6): 1071 - 1089. https: // doi. org /: 10.3906 / zoo- 1410 - 33","Szadziewski R., Borkent A. & Dominiak P. 2013. Ceratopogonidae. In: Beuk P. & Pape T. (eds) Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea v. 2.6. 2. Available from http: // www. faunaeur. org [accessed 4 Apr. 2017]."]}

Palpomyia mahyoubi Boorman & van Harten, 2002 Palpomyia mahyoubi Boorman & van Harten, 2002: 458 (♂, figure, description, Yemen). Diagnosis Abdomen, scutum, scutellum, femora and tibiae dark brown, without markings. Femora slightly paler toward bases; tarsomeres 1���4 pale, tarsomeres 5 uniformly dark brown; femora with 3 ventral spines. Male gonocoxite slender, elongate, with inner expansion; gonostylus nearly straight (the illustration of the male genitalia in Boorman & van Harten (2002) is inaccurate); parameres fused, slender, apex not visible in original illustration; aedeagus with very high basal arch, apex plate-like (Boorman & van Harten 2002). Female unknown. Distribution Yemen., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on page 16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Boorman J. & van Harten A. 2002. Some Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Arabian Peninsula, with particular reference to the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19: 427 - 462."]}

Genus Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 Type species Ceratopogon flavipes Meigen, 1804; by original designation. Diagnosis Wing with 2 radial cells, costa extending at least ⅔ wing length, but not to apex. Fore femur slender to swollen, usually with stout ventral spines; mid and hind femora slender, often with ventral spines; fifth tarsomeres with or without 2 ventro-lateral rows of stout bristle-like setae; female claws equal, small to enlarged, with or without small, basal inner tooth. Female abdomen with paired internal tergal apodemes and 2 seminal capsules. Male genitalia with prominent cerci; gonocoxite simple or with lobe; aedeagus conical or triangular, with well developed basal arms; parameres fused or divided, usually with welldeveloped basal apodemes (de Meillon & Wirth 1991). Remarks There are no universally recognized subgenera of Palpomyia; however, four species groups have been proposed for this genus: distincta group, flavipes group, lineata group and tibialis group (Grogan & Wirth 1975, 1979; Spinelli et al. 2009). Key to males of Middle East Palpomyia 1. Gonostylus short, triangular..............................................................................................................2 ��� Gonostylus long, more or less subcylindrical..................................................................................3 2. Ventral surface of gonostylus covered with numerous coarse ventral setae......................................................................................................................................................... P. tibialis (Meigen, 1818) ��� Ventral surface of gonostylus bare....................................... P. ebejeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002 3. Parameres completely separated........................................................ P. schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 ��� Parameres fused.................................................................................................................................4 4. Parameres divided into 2 lobes on distal portion................................. P. serripes (Meigen, 1818) ��� Parameres completely fused on distal portion.................................................................................5 5. Femora with ventral spines...............................................................................................................6 ��� Only fore femur with ventral spines..................................................................................................7 6. Hind tibia with long dorsal bristles; fore and hind femora with 11���12 spines......................................................................................................................... P. buettikeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002 ��� Hind tibia without long dorsal bristles; fore and hind femora with 3 spines........................................................................................................................ P. mahyoubi Boorman & van Harten, 2002 7. Hind tibia yellow; fore femur with 3 spines..................... P. nakali Boorman & van Harten, 2002 ��� Hind tibia dark brown; fore femur with 4���8 spines.......................................................................8 8. Body with flattened setae with thin whip-like ends. Femora as well as fore and mid tibiae with dark apices. Male gonocoxite short; gonostylus slender; parameres with blunt expanded apex........................................................................................................................ P. flavipes (Meigen, 1804) ��� Body with simple bristle - like setae. Only hind femur with dark apex. Male gonocoxite elongate; gonostylus swollen on basal portion; parameres with pointed apex.......................................................................................................................................... P. freidbergi Alwin & Szadziewski sp. nov., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Meigen J. W. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten. Part 1. Beaufort Sohn, Aachen, Germany. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12741784 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Meigen J. W. 1804. Klassifikation und Beschreibung der Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Vol. 1. XXX, Braunschweig.","Meillon B. de & Wirth W. W. 1991. The genera and subgenera (excluding Culicoides) of the Afrotropical biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum 32: 27 - 147.","Grogan Jr W. L. & Wirth W. W. 1975. A revision of the genus Palpomyia Meigen of northeastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publication 875: 1 - 49.","Grogan Jr W. L. & Wirth W. W. 1979. The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 8: 1 - 125.","Spinelli G. R., Grogan Jr W. L. & Ronderos M. M. 2009. A revision of the Patagonian predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 40: 43 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631209 X 416705","Boorman J. & van Harten A. 2002. Some Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Arabian Peninsula, with particular reference to the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19: 427 - 462.","Goetghebuer M. 1934. A. Die Imagines. Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). 13 a. In: Lindner E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region: 1 - 94. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart."]}

Palpomyia nakali Boorman & van Harten, 2002 Palpomyia nakali Boorman & van Harten, 2002: 459 (♂, figure, description, Oman). Diagnosis Scutum and abdomen pale orange-brown. Legs pale, non-banded, without obvious darker bands; fore femur with 3 spines. Male genitalia with gonocoxite and gonostylus long, slender; parameres fused, with slender apical portion; aedeagus broadly triangular, probably with apical cap (Boorman & van Harten 2002). Distribution Oman., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on page 20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Boorman J. & van Harten A. 2002. Some Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Arabian Peninsula, with particular reference to the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19: 427 - 462."]}

Palpomyia tibialis (Meigen, 1818) Ceratopogon tibialis Meigen, 1818: 82 (♀, Europe). Palpomyia atripectus Kieffer, 1919: 101 (♀, Hungary, Serbia). Palpomyia laticollis Goetghebuer, 1922: 55 (♂, Belgium). Palpomyia nipponica Tokunaga, 1939: 297 (♂, ♀, Japan). Palpomyia tibialis ��� Kieffer 1901: 156 (combination, in key). Diagnosis Dark brown species. Fore and mid legs pale brown to yellow; coxae brown; hind femur dark brown on distal �� (♀) or �� (♂), hind tibia dark. Fore femur with 6���9, mid femur with 0���2 and hind femur with 1���3 ventral spines; fifth tarsomere of hind leg with 2 rows of large setae. Male gonocoxite long, basally expanded, with small ventral bulge on distal portion covered with small setae; gonostylus triangular, with short, stout setae on ventral surface; parameres fused only on extreme basal portion, apices elongate, slender, pointed, recurved. Female with 2 ovoid seminal capsules with distinct necks. Distribution North America (Grogan & Wirth 1979; Borkent & Grogan 2009), Azerbaijan, N China, Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, N and NW Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine and former Yugoslavia), Georgia, Japan and Tajikistan. From the Middle East known from Turkey (Remm 1988; Szadziewski et al. 2013; Turgut & Kilic 2015)., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Meigen J. W. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insekten. Part 1. Beaufort Sohn, Aachen, Germany. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12741784 [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Kieffer J. J. 1919. Chironomides d'Europe conserves au Musee national hongrois de Budapest. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 17: 1 - 160.","Goetghebuer M. 1922. Etude critique des Ceratopogon de la collection Meigen conservee au Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 4: 50 - 59.","Tokunaga M. 1939. Japanese biting midges of Bezzia and Palpomyia (Ceratopogonidae, Diptera). Tenthredo 2: 273 - 313.","Kieffer J. J. 1901. Synopse des representants europeens du groupe Ceratopogon, avec description d'especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Metz 9: 143 - 165. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33770412 [accessed 3 Apr. 2017].","Grogan Jr W. L. & Wirth W. W. 1979. The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 8: 1 - 125.","Borkent A. & Grogan Jr W. L. 2009. Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2273: 1 - 48.","Remm H. 1988. Family Ceratopogonidae. In: Soos A. & Papp L. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 3: 11 - 110. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.","Szadziewski R., Borkent A. & Dominiak P. 2013. Ceratopogonidae. In: Beuk P. & Pape T. (eds) Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea v. 2.6. 2. Available from http: // www. faunaeur. org [accessed 4 Apr. 2017].","Turgut F. & Kilic A. Y. 2015. The Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) fauna of the Central Black Sea Region in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 39 (6): 1071 - 1089. https: // doi. org /: 10.3906 / zoo- 1410 - 33"]}

Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934: 36 (♀, Iraq, Iran). Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934: 91 (♀, Hungary). Palpomyia miki ��� Remm 1976: 175 (♀, ♂, Russia). Palpomyia schmidti ��� Szadziewski et al. 2009: 195 (♀, ♂, Iraq). Diagnosis Body pale brown. Legs yellowish; fore femur with 5���8 spines, mid and hind femora with 1���3 spines; mid and hind tibiae with numerous large setae; tarsomere 1 of mid leg with medial spines. Male gonocoxite with long ventral apodeme; gonostylus evenly bent, with pointed apex; parameres separate with swollen apices; aedeagus broadly triangular. Female with simple claws; with 2 ovoid seminal capsules with short necks (Szadziewski et al. 2009). Material examined TURKEY: 1 ♀, Aydiklar, 21 Jul. 2004, R. Dobosz leg. (CEIUG). Distribution Azerbaijan, Europe (Hungary, Spain, Slovakia, Ukraine), Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (S Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkey (Szadziewski et al. 2009)., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Goetghebuer M. 1934. A. Die Imagines. Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). 13 a. In: Lindner E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region: 1 - 94. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.","Remm H. 1976. A synopsis of the Palpomyia of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 65: 172 - 197.","Szadziewski R., Dominiak P. & Lewanczyk A. 2009. Redescriptions of Atrichopogon horni Kieffer, 1925 from Sri Lanka and Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 from Iraq (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 78: 193 - 199."]}

Palpomyia buettikeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002 Palpomyia buettikeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002: 458 (♂, figure, description, Saudi Arabia). Diagnosis Scutum dark brown. Costa reaching more than �� of wing length. Legs uniformly brown; fore femur with 11���12 dark ventral spines; mid femur with 4 longer, more slender spines; hind femur with about 12 very long, slender spines; hind tibia with long dorsal bristles; fifth tarsomeres without ventral setae. Male gonocoxite short, stout, with subapical ventral lobe; gonostylus slender, curved, apex pointed; parameres fused, narrowed basally, distal half cylindrical, expanded; aedeagus triangular, with broad apex (Boorman & van Harten 2002). Distribution Saudi Arabia., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Boorman J. & van Harten A. 2002. Some Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Arabian Peninsula, with particular reference to the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19: 427 - 462."]}

Palpomyia ebejeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002 Palpomyia ebejeri Boorman & van Harten, 2002: 458 (♂, figure, description, Oman). Palpomyia ebejeri ��� Szadziewski et al. 2011: 651 (♂, ♀, description, United Arab Emirates). Diagnosis Pale brown species. Legs brown, tarsi paler; fore femur and bases of mid and hind femora pale; male fore femur with 2���3 short spines; mid and hind femora with 1 ventral spine near apex; female fore femur with 8���10, mid femur with 5, hind femur with 7 spines. Male gonostylus short, triangular, without ventral setae; gonocoxite short, massive, base ventrally expanded; parameres apparently completely separated, apex pointed, strongly bent outwardly; aedeagus with high basal arch and expanded apex. Female with 2 small seminal capsules with short necks. Material examined UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 1 ♂, Wadi Maidaq, light trap, 27 Nov. 2005, A. van Harten leg. (CEIUG); 1 ♀, Hatta, light trap, 30 Jan.���26 Feb. 2006, A. van Harten leg. (CEIUG). Distribution Oman, United Arab Emirates., Published as part of Alwin-Kownacka, Alicja, Szadziewski, Ryszard & Szwedo, Jacek, 2017, Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 318 on page 16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.318, http://zenodo.org/record/3827451, {"references":["Boorman J. & van Harten A. 2002. Some Ceratopogonidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Arabian Peninsula, with particular reference to the Republic of Yemen. Fauna of Arabia 19: 427 - 462.","Szadziewski R., Gwizdalska-Kentzer M. & Gilka W. 2011. Order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae. In: Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (patron) & van Harten A. (ed.) Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates 4: 636 - 653. Dar Al Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution & Advertising, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates."]}

spinifemur Wirth & Blanton, 1972: 436. Type locality: Colombia, Valle del Cauca (Río Raposo). HT F (# 71181 USNM). Distr.: Colombia (Valle del Cauca (Río Raposo)). Refs.: Wirth & Blanton, 1972: 436; Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 91; Borkent, 2015: 154 (cat.)., Published as part of Spinelli, Gustavo & Wolff, Marta, 2016, FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAE, pp. 98-141 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.15, http://zenodo.org/record/256311, {"references":["Wirth, W. W. & Blanton, F. S. (1972) Lanehelea, a new neotropical genus of Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Studia Entomologica, 15, 433 - 438.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis J., Arias J. R., Rueda-Delgado G., Wantzen K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 1 - 198.","Borkent, A. (2015) World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), 241 pp. Available from: http: // wwx. inhs. illinois. edu / files / 1114 / 2384 / 5200 / CeratopogonidCatalog. pdf (accessed 1 February 2015)"]}

Palpomyia schmidti (Goetghebuer, 1934) Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 a: 36 (Iraq, female) (5 March 1934); Szadziewski et al. 2009: 195 (Iraq, female redescribed, male diagnosed, figs, syn. P. miki). Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934 b: 91 (Hungary, female, fig. total habitus) (20 April 1934); Remm 1976: 175 (Russia, female, male, figs); Del��colle et al. 1997: 342 (Spain, female, figs). Diagnosis. The only species in the genus with a triangular gonocoxite and totally separated parameres in the male genitalia, femora and tibiae armed with dark spine-like bristles. Females can be separated from other Palaearctic congeners in that they have simple claws, all femora armed with ventral spines, mid and hind tibiae with dorsal spine-like bristles, basitarsus of midleg with some median spines. Larvae: head relatively broad; collar of the head capsule with a triangular ventral expansion; a long epicranial suture (ES), reaching the level of seta q; a dorsal paired comb of the epipharynx with long, slender teeth. Pupae: dorsal apotome with 1 pair of setae and 1 pair of sensory pits (sensilla campaniformia); numerous spiracles arranged in a horseshoe shape, occupying the distal half of the respiratory horn. Description. Female. Head yellowish. Eyes broadly separate, vertex with strong setae (Fig. 2 A). Antennal flagellum 0.90 mm long, AR 0.84���0.86. Proximal flagellomeres subcylindrical, distal cylindrical (Fig. 2 B). Palpus 5 -segmented, third palpal segment stout, 0.11 mm long. Mandible with 7 stout teeth (Fig. 2 A). Scutum yellowish with brown longitudinal stripes, scutellum yellow, postscutellum dark brown (Fig. 2 C). Scutum without anterior tubercle, with numerous simple setae. Scutellum bearing 9���10 bristles and numerous small setae. Paratergite broad, bare. Anterior anepisternum with a group of 7���8 setae. Katepisternum dark and bare. Wing without pattern (Fig. 2 D), length 2.10���2.90 mm, CR 0.71���0.78. Second radial cell about twice as long as first one. Base of vein M 2 proximal to vein M 1. Legs yellow with darker coxae and distal tarsomeres. Lateral surface of coxae with some setae. All femora armed with ventral spines (Fig. 2 C). Fore femur enlarged with 6���18 ventral spines, mid femur slender with 1���4 spines and hind femur with 1���3 ventral spines. All tibiae armed with strong dark dorsal bristlelike spines. Fore tibia with 1 anterior spine, mid tibia with 4���10 spines and hind tibia with 12���16 dark spines. Tibial comb with 6���7 pale spines. First tarsal segment of foreleg armed with 2 apical spines, that of midleg with 2 basal, 5���6 median and 2 apical spines, hindleg with 5 dark spines, palisade setae in one row. Fourth tarsomere subcylindrical. Tarsal ratio of foreleg TR (I) 1.6���1.8, midleg TR (II) 1.9���2.2, hindleg TR (III) 1.8 ���2.0. Claws almost equal, simple, without internal basal tooth. Abdomen yellow with brownish triangles on tergites. Two pairs of apodemes of eversible sacs present. Seminal capsules ovoid, unequal, with distinct necks, length 0.08���0.11 mm, and 0.06���0.08 mm (Fig. 2 E). Male. Similar to female with the usual sexual differences. Eyes broadly separate. Flagellum 0.765 mm long, with greatly reduced plume, all flagellomeres cylindrical, terminal three slightly elongate (Fig. 3 A). Proportions of flagellomeres as follows: 40 - 15 - 15 - 15-16 - 15 - 15 - 14-16 - 16-20 - 25-35. Third palpal segment stout, 0.037-0.045 mm long, with some sensilla capitata on surface. Wing length 1.60���1.75 mm, CR 0.73���0.75. Tibial comb with 7���8 spines, hind tibial spur short. Tarsal ratio TR (I) 1.9, TR (II) 2.5���2.6, TR (III) 1.8 ���2.0. Genitalia as in Fig. 3. Sternite 9 with broad caudomedian excavation. Tergite 9 elongate, with broad cerci. Gonocoxite stout, as long as broad, with long triangular internal extension Fig. 3 C). Gonostylus stout, evenly bent, with pointed dark apical portion Fig. 3 D). Aedeagus stout, scutiform and covered with short spiculae; basal arch high; apex with evenly rounded cap (Fig. 3 E). Parameres separate, apex distinctly expanded, bulbous (Fig. 3 F). Pupa. Body pale brown (Fig. 4). Length: female 4.3���6.6 mm; male 4.9���5.5 mm. Respiratory horn (Fig. 5 C) slender, about 3.8���4.1 times longer than broad, surface bare, distal half with about 40 spiracles in one horseshoelike row, length 0.40���0.46 mm in male, 0.460��� 0.510 mm in female. Dorsal apotome (operculum) (Fig. 5 B) 1.0��� 1.3 times as long as greatest width, covered with small tubercles, posterior margin pointed; anterolateral tubercle bearing single long seta and single sensory pit (campaniform sensillum). Antennae short, ventrally wings separated by legs (Fig. 5 A). Caudomedian expansion of mesothorax indistinct, evenly rounded (Fig. 4 B). Metathorax slender, distinctly emarginated, with single pair of sensilla campaniformia (M- 3 -T) (Fig. 5 D). Abdominal segments with scattered small spinules. Tergites 1���7 with medial area displaying 1 longitudinal stripe and 2 darker spots (Fig. 4 B). First abdominal tergite with 3 groups of setae on lateral surface (Fig. 5 D); anterodorsal group including 2 setae and 1 sensory pit (campaniform sensillum), posterodorsal group with 2 setae and 1 sensory pit; lateral group composed of 3 setae. Dorsal surface of fourth abdominal segment with setae and sensory pits as in Fig. 5 E. Dorsal seta D- 2 on rounded pale spot. Ventral surface only with two groups of 3 small setae (V-5,6,7). Abdominal segment 9 without setae, but with 2 dorsal sensilla campaniformia (D-5, 6) on apicolateral processus. Apicolateral processes of terminal abdominal segment 9 highly variable, long or short, covered with spinules or bare, slightly to greatly divergent (Figs. 5 F,G). In females apicolateral processes (Fig. 5 F) more divergent than in males (Fig. 5 G). Larva. IV instar (Figs. 6, 7). Body slender (Fig. 6 A), total length to 11���12 mm. Head capsule pale brown, slightly conical, 1.925 as long as broad (HR), subgenal ratio (SGR) 1.951. Collar narrow, brownish; on ventral surface with distinct triangular extension (Fig. 7). Epicranial suture moderately long, reaching level of seta q (Fig. 7 A, C). Sensory pits (sensilla campaniformia) r, k, z, j indistinct. Setae s, u, o, x forked. Labrum slightly elongate, almost square with sensory organs typical of the subfamily; messors slightly sclerotized, hook-shaped. Mandible slender, hook-like, with double hook at midlength; fossa mandibularis distinct (Fig. 6 G, H). Labium triangular with distinctly pointed apex (Fig. 6 E). Hypostoma broad, slightly arched, smooth (Fig. 6 E). Hypopharynx elongate, slightly sclerotized, hypopharyngeal fringe indistinct (Fig. 6 E, F). Epipharynx with single, dorsal comb armed with 24���26 teeth on its posterior margin (Fig. 6 H), 0.068���0.075 mm wide. Neck or cervix distinct, about 7 times shorter than prothorax (Fig. 6 B). Body segments moderately elongate, second thoracic segments 1.0��� 1.4 times longer than broad, abdominal segments about 1.5 times longer than broad. Anal segment slender, 3.3 times longer than broad; apex with group of 2 short outer and 2 long inner setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 6 C, D); 2 dorsal and 2 ventral short caudal setae, in addition 2 lateral setae at level of shorter dorsal/ventral setae and 2 before mid-length of segment present (Fig. 6 C). Distribution and ecology. The species is halobiontic and represents the meridional faunal element in the Palaearctic Region (Szadziewski 1985) or the Saharo-Arabian element (Alwin-Kownacka et al. 2016). It was usually collected on rivers in steppes and deserts (Remm 1976). It has been reported from Iraq (Goetghebuer 1934 a), Hungary (Goetghebuer, 1934 b), Spain (Del��colle et al. 1997), Slovakia (Tothova & Knoz 2006), Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Rostov, southern Siberia), Azerbaijan, Tadjikistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, southern Siberia and Mongolia (Remm 1976, 1988). We are unable to confirm Remm���s (1976, 1988) reports of the species from northern China. Larvae of P. schmidti were observed in black and grey sandy mud, often with plant debris in the Rivers Chernavka, Solyanka, Lantsug, Khara and Bolshaya Samoroda, which flow into Lake Elton (Figs 1 B, C). They were also observed among dense filamentous algae and Enteromorpha intestinalis. Larvae were collected at depths of 0.03���0.8 m, where the water was flowing at 0.01���0.4 m s - 1. They live in riverine waters with salinities of 5.8��� 31.7 g l - 1, dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2.3 ���35.0 mg l - 1 and pH levels of 6.5���9.4. These larvae were also found at the bottom of Lake Elton, where the salinity was 112.5 g l - 1. In the Chernavka, larvae of P. schmidti occurred together with Cricotopus (Cricotopus) salinophilus Zinchenko, Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2009 and Chironomus salinarius Kieffer, 1915. Under laboratory conditions, mature larvae pupated within 1���2 days. The pupal stage lasted 3 days. In the aquarium pupae floated on the water surface. Among the emerging adults, females were distinctly predominant over males, with a percentage ratio of 85: 15 in favour of the former. Larval and pupal mortality in the laboratory was less than 5 %, a very low figure. The abundance of 48 0 0 0 ind./m - 2 recorded in the Chernavka (28 May 2015) is probably a maximum value for populations of larvae of this species in saline rivers. The average abundance and biomass were much higher in the highly saline Chernavka and Solyanka (17.17���31.7 g l - 1) than in the less saline Khara, Lantsug and B. Samoroda (3.97���21.6 g l - 1). The theoretical ecological salinity optimum for the halobiontic larvae of P. schmidti is 31.7 g l - 1, with the tolerance interval varying from 20.76 to 33.14 g l - 1 (unpublished data)., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Golovatyuk, Larisa V., Sontag, El��bieta, Urbanek, Aleksandra & Zinchenko, Tatiana D., 2016, All stages of the Palaearctic predaceous midge Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 85-94 in Zootaxa 4137 (1) on pages 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/266674, {"references":["Goetghebuer, M. (1934 a) Zur Erforschung des Persischen Golfes (Beitrag Nr. 15). Ceratopogonidae et Chironomidae. Arbeiten uber morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie, 1, 36 - 39.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Lewanczyk, A. (2009) Redescriptions of Atrichopogon horni Kieffer, 1925 from Sri Lanka and Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 from Iraq (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 78, 193 - 199.","Goetghebuer, M. (1934 b) Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palearktischen Region, 3 (2), pp. 49 - 94. [Lfg. 78, Stuttgart]","Remm, H. (1976) A synopsis of the Palpomyia of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Juures Asuva Eesti Looduseuurija Seltsi Aastaraamat, 64, 172 - 197.","Delecolle, J. - C., Blasco-Zumeta, J. & Rieb, J. - P. (1997) Nouvelle contribution a l'etude des Ceratopogonides d'Espagne. Description de Homohelea iberica n. sp., et redescription de Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934 et de Culicoides brevifrontis Smatov & Isimbekov, 1971 (Diptera, Nematocera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 14, 337 - 351.","Szadziewski, R. (1985) Przeglad faunistyczny krajowych kuczmanow z rodzaju Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 55, 283 - 341.","Alwin-Kownacka, A., Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. (2016) Biting midges of the tribe Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 4079 (5), 551 - 572. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.5.3","Tothova, A. & Knoz, J. (2006) Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834. In: Jedlicka, L., Stloukalova, V. & Kudela, M. (Eds.), Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1. Available from: http: // zoology. fns. uniba. sk / diptera (accessed 14 June 2016)","Remm, H. (1988) Ceratopogonidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 110."]}

hispida Borkent, in Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 132. New name for multispinosa. Distr.: El Salvador to Colombia (Valle del Cauca (Río Raposo)). Refs.: Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 132; Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 96. multispinosa Spinelli & Grogan, 1989: 6 (preocc. Palpomyia multispinosa (Pierce), 1966). Type locality: El Salvador, San Vicente, Santo Domingo. HT F (USNM).

Genus Palpomyia Meigen Palpomyia Meigen, 1818: 82. Type species, Ceratopogon flavipes Meigen (mon.). Generic name first published in synonymy with Ceratopogon but available under ICZN Code Article 11 (e). Refs.: Ingram & Macfie, 1931 (key males and females from Patagonia and southern Chile); Lane, 1960 (key to females)., Published as part of Spinelli, Gustavo & Wolff, Marta, 2016, FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAE, pp. 98-141 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.15, http://zenodo.org/record/256311, {"references":["Meigen, J. G. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vol. 1. Bei Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann, Aache, xxxvi + 333 pp., pls. 1 - 11.","Ingram, A. & Macfie, J. W. S. (1931) Ceratopogonidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Fasc. 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 155 - 232.","Lane, J. (1960) Additional data on \" Palpomyia \" (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 20, 381 - 389."]}

columbiana (Kieffer), 1917 b: 304 (Culicoides). Type locality: Colombia, Magdalena, Aracataca. T F (HNHM, lost). Distr.: Colombia (Magdalena (Aracataca)). Refs.: Kieffer 1917 b: 304; Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 60; Borkent, 2015: 63 (cat.)., Published as part of Spinelli, Gustavo & Wolff, Marta, 2016, FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAE, pp. 98-141 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.15, http://zenodo.org/record/256311, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1917 b) Chironomides d'Amerique conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 15, 292 - 364.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis J., Arias J. R., Rueda-Delgado G., Wantzen K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 1 - 198.","Borkent, A. (2015) World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), 241 pp. Available from: http: // wwx. inhs. illinois. edu / files / 1114 / 2384 / 5200 / CeratopogonidCatalog. pdf (accessed 1 February 2015)"]}

The biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae) is one of the most species rich amongst the biting flies (Diptera) and has been recorded from most parts of the world. The species are mostly known for their capability to act as vectors for several important diseases, which have helped in shaping the focus to one of its genera, Culicoides Latreille, 1809. This thesis gives an overview of the knowledge of the Swedish diversity, in the first paper (paper I) with a closer look at the species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 where all twenty species found in Sweden are presented with their associated localities, and two new species are described. In the second paper (paper II) the biting midge diversity of Sweden is presented based on specimens collected from several localities. All these individuals were barcoded using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The analysis included 773 specimens that were assigned into 214 barcoding clusters (BINs) and sorted into 164 groups based on their morphology. The third paper (paper III) broadens the scale were the evolutionary relationships within the family are investigated by applying five protein coding genes (COI, CAD, TPI, AATS and PGD) and specimens from different parts of the World. The analysis recovers Ceratopogonini, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 and Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 as paraphyletic and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 polyphyletic. In the last and fourth paper (paper IV) the family is used as a model organism together with Hymenoptera for an alternative analysis method for reducing the impact of saturation and long-branch attraction using non-synonymous coding (e.g. Degen1) on only parts of a dataset. The effectiveness of the method is compared to the removal of the faster evolving third codon position. The result yields a higher number of supported nodes as well as a higher median of support for the method as well as an ability to reduce long-branch attraction artifacts. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Key to Indian species of Palpomyia Meigen [Modified after Das Gupta et al. (2008)] *Kieffer types are considered lost, hence types of these species were not seen. 1. Wing membrane pale brown to dark brown................................................................. 2 - Wing membrane hyaline, with deep and light veins........................................................... 7 2. Scutum with anteromedial bristles and without tubercle....................................................... 3 - Scutum without anteromedial bristles and with tubercle....................................................... 4 3. Male with narrow sternite 9 having a deep caudomedian excavation, hind tibia with a thumb like inwardly curved spur............................................................................................. P. crassipalpis ♂ - Male with broad sternite 9, without caudomedian excavation; hind tibia without a curved spur.......... P. deminutipalpis ♂ 4. Mid and hind femora with dark brown apical band, mid tibia with one apical spine.................................. 5 - Mid and hind femora pale, mid tibia without apical spine...................................................... 6 5. Apical sensory pit of palpal segment 3 without sensillae; TR of hind leg P. pseudorivularis ♀ - Apical sensory pit of palpal segment 3 with two sensillae; TR of hind leg> 2.5, Hind tibial comb with 8 spines.................................................................................................... P. simplitheca ♀ 6. Inflated forefemur bearing 8���10 ventral spines on entire length........................................ P. magna ♀ - Slender forefemur bearing 3���4 apical spines...................................................... P. stella ♂, ♀ 7. All femora armed with stout spines...........................................................* P. leucopogon ♂ - Only fore femora armed with stout spines.................................................................. 8 8. Palpal segment 5 blackish brown; mid trochanter with 2 long tubercle like projection; 19���21 stout spine on fore femur; fore tibial apex forms a flap like process with a long spur and comb; hind tibial comb with 11 spines.... P. sohraensis sp. n. ♂, ♀ - Palpal segment 5 pale; mid trochanter without tubercle like projection; fore tibial apex simple; hind tibial comb with P. hi m al a y ae ♀ - Thorax either dark brown or black and devoid of spinules..................................................... 10 10. Female dark brown with pale halter.......................................................... * P. albiditarsis ♀ - Female black with dark brown halter.......................................................... * P. rivularis &female, Published as part of Paul, Nilotpol, Harsha, Rupa & Mazumdar, Abhijit, 2014, A new species of Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described in all life stages from Shillong plateau, India, pp. 368-378 in Zootaxa 3755 (4) on page 377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3755.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/229963, {"references":["Das Gupta, S. K., Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P. (2008) Biting Midges of the Genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in India. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 43 - 48."]}

Palpomyia Meigen (Figs. 2D 12G, 17E, 22H–J, 28G, 31H, 31L–M, 33K, 41D, 46N–R, 54A, 70C, 71A, 78A–H) DIAGNOSIS: Only pupa of Ceratopogonidae with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (Fig. 54A), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (as in Fig. 33L), abdominal segment 4 with V-5-IV, V-6-IV and V-7-IV closely approximated (Fig. 70C) or, if V-7-IV is closer to L-4-IV then L-3-IV is closer to L-2-IV than to an elongate L-1-IV (as in Fig. 69C) (not as in Fig. 70B), abdominal segment 8 has V-5-VIII and V-6-VIII on separate tubercles or if on partially to completely fused tubercles, then V-5-VIII is well-developed (not minute), and segment 8 is without L-1-VIII (not diagnosable as different from Bezzia and Phaenobezzia); however, most species of Bezzia have two or more campaniform sensilla on the dorsal apotome (Figs. 22C–D), a nearly unique condition found otherwise only in P. flavipes and P. jonesi (the latter distinctively with two setae (Fig. 22J). DESCRIPTION: Habitus as in Fig. 12G. Total length = 2.25–7.03 mm. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (Figs. 17E, 33K). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (Figs. 17E, 79H). Head: Dorsal apotome (Figs. 22H–J), with partial ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in Fig. 13H) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (Fig. 28G) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire or separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (Fig. 41D) well anterior to posterior to, posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (Figs. 22H–J)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum or 2 elongate setae, 2 campaniform sensilla; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeallabrals (Fig. 28G)—2 slender setae; oculars (Fig. 28G)—1–2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum or 1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla. Thorax: Prothoracic extension (Fig. 28G) wide, well-developed but in some narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (Fig. 54A); respiratory organ (Figs. 46N–R) length/width = 2.46–4.73, moderately elongate to elongate, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single straight to curved row, outer surface smooth or with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length or more; wing (Fig. 41D) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (Fig. 33K) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (Fig. 41D) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (Fig. 33K); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (Figs. 31L–M); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (Fig. 31H)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T, D-4-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to anterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (Fig. 54A)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax). Abdomen: pigmentation light to dark brown, tergites 1–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (Figs. 78A–H) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated to separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (Fig. 54A) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I; segment 4 (Figs. 70C, 71A)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short to pointed tubercles; D-5-IV peg-like or slender seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV without or on short tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused or separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9- IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short to elongate seta on rounded tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV elongate setae on pointed tubercles, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single tubercle in some, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated or with V-7-IV closer to L-4-IV; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (Figs. 78 A-H)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The genus Palpomyia is known from 270 species from every Region worldwide (Borkent 2014, additional species below). Immatures have been collected from streams, hot springs, river margins, marshes, bogs, fens, ponds, lakes and reservoirs. TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: There are 41 species of Palpomyia known as pupae (Tables 2–3). Thienemann (1928), Mayer (1934a) and Lenz (1934) provided similar keys to a few European species groups known at that time. Grogan & Wirth (1979), in their masterful revision of Nearctic Palpomyia, provide a key to the pupae of 16 species known from the Nearctic. However, it is unfortunate that Palpomyia pupae cannot be diagnosed at the generic level so that we cannot yet identify a Palpomyia pupa as such. The key therefore requires foreknowledge that the specimen is a member of the genus (e.g. reared to adult). Liu & Yu (1991) described the monotypic genus Nemoromyia Liu & Yu based on their newly described N. nemorosa Liu & Yu. They stated that the genus was a member of the Heteromyiini. Borkent (1998) indicated that the species was actually a species of Palpomyia based on various described features but that the type should be reexamined before nomenclatural changes are made. Yu et al. (2005) continued to place the genus and species in the Heteromyiini, although the evidence for this was unclear (it is not noted in the English abstract, but I have not translated the longer Chinese text). I have reexamined the female holotype and associated pupal exuviae and it is clearly a member of the Palpomyia distincta species group and, within this group, is very similar to P. rufa Loew (Grogan & Wirth 1979). The female has the characteristic synapomorphy of posteromedially directed lobes on sternite 8 of the P. distincta group. Furthermore, tergite 8 is very short (much shorter than tergite 7), a feature which is a synapomorphy of the Palpomyiini (the feature is unique in the Ceratopogonidae), further supporting its position as a species of Palpomyia. The pupa of N. nemorosa is very similar to a number of other species of Palpomyia (as indicated in the key). Liu & Yu (1991) noted that the adult female lacked the abdominal tergal apodemes which is a synapomorphy of the Palpomyiini. However, as shown by Borkent & Craig (1994), newly emerged female adults of this group do not show the apodemes which sclerotize and darken after emergence. It is not surprising, therefore, that this reared specimen was reported as lacking the apodemes. I therefore recognize Nemoromyia as a new synonym of Palpomyia and the species as a new combination as follows: Palpomyia nemorosa (Liu & Yu), 1991: 26 (Nemoromyia). Raohe, Heilongjiang Province, China. new combination. The pupa of P. lineata has been described more than once by the same authors (Table 2) but with different names (now synonyms), suggesting either misidentifications or the possibility of more than one species actually being present in Europe. Ronderos et al. (2004) gave a detailed description of the pupa of P. guarani. Their figure of the cephalothorax (their fig. 14) shows the apex of the halter extending only barely past the anterior margin of tergite 2. This would be unique within the Palpomyia + Bezzia + Phaenobezzia + Clastrieromyia + Stenoxenini clade, where the halter extends to about 1/6 the length of tergite 2. Paul et al. (2014) recently thoroughly described the pupa of a species from India, the first known from the Oriental Region, but misidentified some of the sensilla (e.g. SA-2-T, L-3-IV, L-4-IV). MATERIAL EXAMINED: P. aldrichi: 2 pupal exuviae, Agoura, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 7- IV-1954 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Hopland, Mendocino County, California, USA, 19-V-1964 (USNM). P. altispina: 9 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), Taughannock Falls, Tompkins County, New York, USA, 15-VI-1963 (USNM). P. armatipes: 1 pupal exuviae, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, VII-1965 (USNM); 7 pupal exuviae, Beaver Creek, Rio Grande County, Colorado, USA, 21-VI-1972 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Cross Creek margin, Rio Grande County, Colorado, USA, 24-VI-1972 (USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, South Fork, Rio Grande County, Colorado, USA, 21-VI-1972 (USNM). P. basilis: 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park, New York, USA, 28-V- 1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Ridge, New York, USA, 25-V-1959 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 26-V-1959 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Lake Ravenel, Highlands, Macon County, North Carolina, USA, 10-VI-1986 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 11-VI-1986 (USNM). P. belkini: 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype): Los Angeles River, Reseda, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 6-IV-1955 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Agoura, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 7-IV-1954 (USNM). P. distincta: 1 pupa, 2 pupal exuviae, springs at Die, Schleswig-Holstein, Malente, Germany, (ZSMC). P. flaviceps: 1 pupal exuviae, Mud Creek, Freeville, Tompkins County, New York, USA, 19-VI-1963 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Lunzer Untersee, lower Austria, Austria, 1940 (ZSMC). P. flavipes: 1 pupal exuviae, Suputinka river, Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory, Russia, 21-VI-1973 (ZIN). P. hastata: 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Blue Mountain Lake, Hamilton County, New York, USA, 10-VI-1960 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mud Creek, Freeville, Tompkins County, New York, USA, 19-VI-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Letchworth State Park, New York, USA, 13-VI- 1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mount Solon, Virginia, USA, 4-VII-1951 (USNM). P. jamnbacki: 1 pupal exuviae (of holotype), Mud Pond outlet, Blue Mountain Lake, New York, USA, 14-V-1958 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Blue Ridge, Essex County, New York, USA, 19-V-1959 (USNM). P. jonesi: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, North Burgess Township, Ontario, Canada, 4-VI-1967 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Washburn County, Wisconsin, USA, 18-V-1953 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), as previous locality, V-1953 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), as previous locality, 22-V-1953 (USNM); 4 pupal exuviae, Fishing Creek Pond, Newcomb, New York, USA, 28-V-1958 (3 NYSM, 1 USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake, New York, USA, 14-V-1959 (NYSM); 4 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), no locality, 20-V-1953 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, no locality, 30-V-1953 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), no locality, 16-V-1953 (USNM); 4 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), no locality, 22-V-1953 (USNM). P. lineata: 1 pupal exuviae, Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, 8- VI-1960 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Morgan Arboretum, St. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, 1964 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Snow Hill, Maryland, USA, 19-V-1968 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lakeland Pond, College Park, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, 23-V-1975 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 27-IV-1977 (VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Greensport, Long Island, New York, USA, 24-V-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Montauk, Long Island, New York, USA, 24-V-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Fishing Creek, Newcomb, New York, USA, 28-V-1958 (NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Beaver Lake Reservoir, Pocahontas State Park, Virginia, USA, 9-V-1977 (VPIC); 1 pupa, Eppendorfer Moor near Hamburg, Germany (ZSMC); 1 pupal exuviae, Schöhsee, Plön, Slesvig-Holstein, Germany (ZSMC); 2 pupae, locality uncertain (ZSMC); 1 pupal exuviae, no locality, 16-V-1953 (USNM); 6 pupal exuviae, Shushary, Leningrad Province, Russia, 19-V-1997 (ZIN). P. magali: 1 pupal exuviae (of holotype), Magaliesberg Agricultural School, Transvaal, South Africa, 13-XI-1973 (NMSA). P. melacheira: 1 pupal exuviae, Suputinka river, Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory, Russia, 30-V-1973 (ZIN). P. nemorosa: 1 pupal exuviae (of holotype), Raohe, Heilongjiang Province, China, VI-1983 (IMBC); P. novitibilialis: 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Allegany State Park, New York, USA, 28-V–3-VI-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), as previous locality, 28-V-1963 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), Ivory, Chautauqua County, New York, USA, 31-V-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Sinclairville, Chautauqua County, New York, USA, 31-V-1963 (USNM). P. occidentalis: 1 pupal exuviae, 17 km N. Sedona, Arizona, USA, 11-V-1987 (CNCI); 18 pupal exuviae, Rio Penasco approx. 2 mi W of Dunken, New Mexico, USA, 22-V-1973 (WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Spanish Queen Mine, Mt. Jemez Springs, Sandoval, New Mexico, USA, 19-VIII-1972 (WLGC); 9 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), Beaver Creek, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA, 15-VI-1969 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Spearfish Creek, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA, 14-VI-1969 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Little White River, Mellette County, South Dakota, USA, 4-VI-1969 (USNM). P. plebeja: 4 pupal exuviae, Holmes Run, Falls Church, Fairfax County, Virginia, USA, 22-VII-1951 (USNM). P. reversa: 1 pupal exuviae, Issyk-Kul lake, Kyrgyzstan, 16-VI-1971 (ZIN). P. rubiginosa: 9 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, 7-VI-1960 (USNM). P. rufa: 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Whetstone Gulf, Lewis County, New York, USA, 20-VI-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), 2 pupal exuviae, Mud Creek, Freeville, Tompkins County, New York, USA, 19-VI-1963 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Blue Mountain Lake, Hamilton County, New York, USA, 10-VI-1960 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, 6-V-1976 (USNM); 3 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 13-V-1976 (USNM). P. rufipes: 1 pupal exuviae, Priluki, Belarus, V-1967 (ZIN). P. scalpellifera: 3 pupal exuviae, Letchworth State Park, New York, USA, 13-VI-1963 (USNM). P. serripes: 1 pupal exuviae, Kellersee, Malente, Slesvig-Holstein, Germany (ZSMC). P. spinipes: 1 pupal exuviae, Zaklin'ye, Luga District, Leningrad Province, Russia, 30-VI-1972 (ZIN). P. stonei: 2 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park, New York, USA, 28-V-1963 (USNM). P. subaspera: 2 pupal exuviae, Shafter Water Reservoir, Kern County, California, USA, 5-VI-1946 (USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, Shafter, Kern County, California, USA, 5-VI-1946 (USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Fellsmere, Florida, USA, 7-V-1973 (USNM). P. tibialis: 2 pupal exuviae, B. Brod, Luga District, Leningrad Province, Russia, 29-VI-1969 (ZIN). P. tuvae: 1 pupal exuviae, Cholpon-Atinka river, Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan, 7-VI-1971 (ZIN). P. nr. lineata: 1 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake, 6 km NE of Falkland, British Columbia, Canada, 1-VII-2009 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, 11 km S of Patagonia, Arizona, USA, 1-V-1987 (CNCI). P. nr. novitibialis: 2 pupal exuviae, Beaver Lake, Pocahontas State Forest, Chesterfield County, Virginia, USA, 30-IV-1977 (VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Hoot Owl Barn, VPI & SU campus, Montgomery County, Virginia, USA, 15-IV-1976 (VPIC). P. nr. plebeia: 1 pupal exuviae, Huntington Road, Newcomb, New York, USA, 14-V-1959 (WLGC). P. nr. rubiginosa: 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Norman, North Carolina, USA, 28-VII-1978 (VPIC). P. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, 6 km E of Salmon Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 6- VI-1990 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, 9 km S of Salmon Arm, British Columbia, Canada, 19-VII-1988 (CNCI); 4 pupal exuviae, 8 km E of Sicamous, British Columbia, Canada, 1-VI-1992 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, 24 km E of Enderby, British Columbia, Canada, 8-VI-1991 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Gibson Lake, Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada, 9-VII-2008 (CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, 20 km E of Anola, Manitoba, Canada, 16-VI-1990 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Trail Bay, Manitoba, Canada (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Black Lake, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, 1-VI-1972, (CNCI); 5 pupal exuviae, 17 km N of Sedona, Arizona, USA, 11-V-1987 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Quoque, Long Island, New York, USA, 9-V-1957 (WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Hoot Owl Barn, VPI & SU campus, Montgomery County, Virginia, USA, 15-IV-1976 (VPIC); P. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, 5 km NE of Tarcoles, Costa Rica, 26-VII-1993 (CNCI); 2 pupal exuviae, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru, 28-III- 2003 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 26-IV-2003 (CNCI); 3 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 28- IV-2003 (CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 15-I-2003 (CNCI); 3 pupal exuviae (identified by Mayer as Bezzia annulipes), Rotmoos on Mittersee, Lower Austria, Austria, 10-VI-1942 (ZSMC); 1 pupal exuviae, Krzeszna, Poland, 19-V-1993 (IZUG); 1 pupal exuviae, Gdańsk Osowa, Poland, 18-V-1993 (IZUG); 10 pupal exuviae, Yanchep Ponds, Western Australia, Australia (ANIC); 5 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25-X-1985 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Yeerongpilly, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (ANIC); 5 pupal exuviae, Griffith, New South Wales, Australia, 16-XI-1956 (ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia, 25-X-1956 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 18-XI-1969 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Middle Creek, Narrabeen, New South Wales, Australia, 4-X-1986 (ANIC); 3 pupal exuviae, Deniliquin, New South Wales, Australia, 19-XI- 1956 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Breakfast Creek, Spencer, New South Wales, Australia, 3-III-1969 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Oxford Falls, New South Wales, Australia, 18-I-1967 (ANIC); 5 pupal exuviae, Gap Creek, The Crags, Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, 10-II-1966 (ANIC); 5 pupal exuviae, Nattai River, Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, 18-X-1968 (ANIC); 7 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 6-I-1969 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25-X-1968 (ANIC); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 4-XI-1964 (ANIC); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous loca, Published as part of Borkent, Art, 2014, The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera, pp. 1-327 in Zootaxa 3879 (1) on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4949051, {"references":["Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)","Thienemann, A. (1928) Chironomiden - Metamorphosen I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19, 585 - 623.","Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288.","Lenz, F. (1934) B. Die Metamorphose der Heleidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Vol. 3. Stuttgart, pp. 95 - 128.","Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1979) The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 8, 1 - 125.","Liu, G. - P. & Yu, Y. - X. (1991) Nemoromyia a new Palaeactical (sic) genus of Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions to Blood-sucking Dipteran Insects (Beijing) 3, 25 - 29 [in Chinese, English summary]","Borkent, A. (1998) A revision of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan and Neurohelea Kieffer, with a description of a new genus and discussion of their phylogenetic relationships (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 137 - 160. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00258","Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. & Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera. Volumes 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]","Borkent, A. & Craig, D. A. (1994) The structure and function of the abdominal eversible sacs of female Bezzia varicolor (Coquillett) (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera). Canadian Entomologist, 126, 533 - 541. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 126533 - 3","Ronderos, M. M., Spinelli, G. R. & Diaz, F. (2004) Description of larva and redescription of pupa and adult of Palpomyia guarani (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 63, 45 - 54.","Paul, N., Harsha, R. & Mazumdar, A. (2014) A new species of Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described in all life stages from Shillong plateau, India. Zootaxa, 3755 (4), 368 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3755.4.3"]}

Palpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan Palpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan, 1989: 3 (Puerto Rico); Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 63 (in New World catalog south of the USA; distribution); Borkent and Spinelli 2007: 96 (in Neotropical catalog; distribution). Discussion. As noted by Spinelli and Grogan (1989), this Neotropical predaceous midge is a member of the Palpomyia distincta group as defined by Grogan and Wirth (1975, 1979). It was originally known from Dominica, Jamaica and Puerto Rico (type locality); we provide the first records of this predaceous midge from Guadeloupe. New records. Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, Bois Malher, 9-IX-2010, MC Thomas & RH Turnbow, Blacklight trap, 2 males, 1 female; same data except Corrosol, 8-IX-2010, 1 male; same data except Trace des Cretes (D-14), 22-V-2012, R. H. Turnbow, BL trap, 1 male, 2 females. New Guadeloupe record ., Published as part of William L. Grogan, Jr., Spinelli, Ronderos, María M. & Carla, 2013, The biting and predaceous midges of Guadeloupe Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (324) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5178313, {"references":["Spinelli, G. R., and W. L. Grogan, Jr. 1989. Dos especies nuevas de Palpomyia, grupo distinct a de la region Neotropical (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Neotropica 35: 3 - 8.","Borkent, A., and G. R. Spinelli. 2000. Catalog of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomology, International. Associated Publishers; Gainesville, Florida. 4: 1 - 107.","Borkent, A., and G. R. Spinelli. 2007. Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: J. Adis, J. R. Arias, G. Rueda-Delgado, and K. M. Wantzen (eds.). Aquatic biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft; Sofia-Moscow. 198 p.","Grogan, W. L., Jr., and W. W. Wirth. 1975. A revision of the genus Palpomyia Meigen of northeastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maryland, Miscellaneous Publication 875: v + 49 p.","Grogan, W. L., Jr., and W. W. Wirth. 1979. The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 8: 1 - 125."]}

This revision of the predaceous midges in the genus Palpomyia Meigen inhabiting the Patagonian region of Argentina and Chile recognizes eight species, provides diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations and a key to all species, as well as new distributional records of previously described species. Four new species are described and illustrated: P. mapuche, P. marinoi, P. septentrionalis and P. yamana (spp. n.). Palpomyia patagonica Ingram and Macfie and P. subfuscula I. and M. are redescribed and illustrated, the previously unknown male of P. patagonica is described and illustrated, and P. subaspera (Coquillett) is recorded for the first time from Patagonia. Palpomyia chilensis Ingram & Macfie is transferred to Austrosphaeromias Spinelli (n. comb.) Fil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: Grogan, William L.. Salisbury University; Estados Unidos Fil: Ronderos, Maria Marcela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina