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11. Brief Reports on All Topics

Author

Alfaro, Guillermo, Arai, Toshihiko, Ando, Takao, Komatsu, Sadao, Komatsu, Yoko, Kobayashi, Akio, Baquero, F., Sanchez, F., Rubio, V., Tenorio, A., Baron, L. S., Kopecko, D. J., Reid, W. C., McCowen, S. M., Barua, D., Richmond, M. H., Bertrand, K., Postle, K., Wray, L., Reznikoff, W., Binns, M. M., Carr, F. P. A., Levine, R. P., Bölin, Ingrid, Engberg, Birgitta, Wolf-Watz, Hans, Burman, Lars G., Lindh, Solveig, Butler, T., Joiner, K., Tally, F., Gorbach, S. L., Malamy, S., Bartlett, J., Cabello, F. C., Aguero, M. E., Cafferkey, M., Dowd, G., Keanne, C., Hone, R., Pomeroy, H., Dougan, G., Carlton, Bruce C., González, José M., Jr., Chassy, Bruce, Rokaw, Enid, Chiang, S. J., Clowes, R. C., Chopra, I., Ball, P. R., Eccles, S. J., Shales, S. W., Clancy, Joanna, Savage, Dwayne C., Coleman, D. C., Delappe, Irving P., De Wilde, Michel, Ysebaert, Marc, Harford, Nigel, Dunny, G., Funk, C., Ehrenfeld, E., Edlund, Thomas, Normark, Staffan, Elwell, Lynn P., Fling, Mary E., Walton, Leslie, Espinosa-Lara, A., Martínez, Figurski, D., Pohlman, R., Bechhofer, D., Prince, A., Kelton, C., Finver, S., Yamamoto, T., Bricker, J., Kaji, A., Franklin, F. C. H., Bagdasarian, M., Bagdasarian, M. M., Timmis, K. N., Frost, Laura, Siminoski, Kerry, Watts, Tania, Worobec, Betty, Paranchych, William, Garcia-Lobo, Juan M., León, Javier, Ortiz, Jose M., Gawron-Burke, C., Franke, A., Gómez-Eichelmann, M. Carmen, Gray, Gary S., Guild, Walter R., Hazum, Shulamith, Smith, Michael D., Cabezon, Teresa, Harnett, N. M., Gyles, C. L., Hogan, J., Kline, B., Högenaur, G., Kricek, F., Ostermann, E., Horodniceanu, Thea, Le Bouguenec, Chantal, Buu-Hoï, Annie, Jackson, W. J., Bohlander, F. A., John, J. F., Newton, C. M., Twitty, J. A., Liu, S.-T., Kagan, Sarah A., Kehoe, M., Sellwood, R., Khatoon, Hajra, Ali, S. Amir, Najeeb, S. M., Takahashi, Shinji, Labigne-Roussel, A., Gerbaud, G., Courvalin, P., Laux, David C., Myhal, M. Lynn, Cohen, Paul S., Lederberg, E. M., Levin, Morris A., Hagiya, M., Kao, J. C., Perry, K. L., Kado, C. I., Evans, R. P., Jones, K. R., Tobian, J. Ash, Marshall, B., Schluederberg, S., Rowse-Eagle, D., Summers, A. O., Levy, S. B., Mays, T. D., Macrina, F. L., Welch, R. A., Smith, C. J., McIntire, Sarah A., Dempsey, Walter B., McMurry, L., Cullinane, J., Petrucci, R., Jr., Levy, S., Medeiros, A. A., Gilleece, E. S., O’Brien, T. F., Mendoza, Alexis, Ramirez, José L., Lemoine, Vidal Rodriguez, Moore, Deanna, Sowa, Blair, Ippen-Ihler, Karin, Moseley, Steve L., Huq, Imdadul, Falkow, Stanley, Davies, John K., Hagblom, Per, Norgren, Mari, Norlander, Lena, Korch, Christopher, O’Reilly, M., Arbuthnott, J. P., Foster, T. J., Palchaudhuri, Sunil, Mitra, Gopa, Irino, Kinue, Peluffo, Ciro A., Perea, E. J., Palomares, J. C., Prieto, Gustavo, Piepersberg, Wolfgang, Martinez, Ada, Vargas, Jeannette, Marin, Carmen, Privitera, Gaetano, Fayolle, Françoise, Sebald, Madeleine, Pruzzo, C., Valisena, S., Debbia, E., Satta, G., Reis, M. H. L., Gomes, T. A. T., Affonso, M. H. T., Trabulsi, L. R., Cavazza, María E., Rodriguez, M., Iyer, V. N., Proctor, G. Neal, Rownd, Robert H., Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S., Paterson, A., Buswell, J., Sanchez, J., Bennett, P. M., Santos, D. S., Tanaka, I. I., Saunders, J. R., Flett, Fiona, Humphreys, G. O., Edlind, Thomas D., Ihler, Garret M., Schaberg, D. R., Clewell, D. B., Glatzer, L., Schmidt, Francis J., Peterson, Virginia E., Schmidt, L., Inselburg, J., Scott, June R., Cowan, Jack A., Sgaramella, V., De Fazio, G., Ferretti, L., Grandi, G., Mottes, M., Palla, E., Stibits, E. Scott, Stieglitz, Heather, Olarte, Jorge, Kupersztoch-Portnoy, Yankel M., Stuy, Johan H., Walter, Ronald B., Tardif, Ginette, Grant, Robert B., Shipley, P. L., Allen, A. D., Swanson, T. N., Torres, Haydée K., Tzelepi, E., Angelatou, F., Kontomichalou, R., Vomvoyani, B., Uhlin, Bernt Eric, Clark, Alvin J., Walker, Graham C., Langer, Pamela J., Shanabruch, William G., Elledge, Stephen J., Winans, Stephen C., Wilson, C. Ron, Skinner, Sarah E., Shaw, William V., Winther, Michael D., Cross, George A. M., Yang, H.-L., Zubay, G., Cashel, M., Yagi, Y., Kessler, R., Brown, B., Lopatin, D., Clewell, D., Levy, Stuart B., Levy, Stuart B., editor, Clowes, Royston C., editor, and Koenig, Ellen L., editor

Published
1981
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12. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Hofstra, Laura Marije Arije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van, de Vijver, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana, Boucher, Charles A. B., Schmit, Jean-Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M. J., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P. R., Van, den Heuvel, Van, Der Gucht, Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Z., Begovac, J., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Zavitsanou, Assimina, Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, Sofia, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Xylomenos, Georgios, Lourida, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, Athanasios N., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Sambatakou, H., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., de Luca, A., Balotta, Claudia, Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M. J., Boucher, C. A. B., van, de Vijver, van Kessel, A., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., van, der Ende, Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van, de Ven, Kran, A. -M B., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, Ricardo J., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., de Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, Natalia C., de, los Santos, Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elıás, Marıá Jesús Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de, la Torre, Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, Per, Säll, C., Mellgren, Å., Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Van Kessel, A., Clinical sciences, Microbiology and Infection Control, Supporting clinical sciences, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Virology, Cohorte de Adultos de la Red de Investigación en SIDA, Spain., SPREAD Program, [Hofstra,LM, Sauvageot,N, Struck,D, Schmit,JC ] Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg. [Hofstra,LM, Wensing,AMJ] Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Albert,J, Sönnerborg,A] Karolinska Institute, Solna. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. [Alexiev,I, Beshkov,D] National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Garcia,F] Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Instituto de Investigación IBS Granada, Spain. [Van de Vijver,DAMC, Boucher,CAB] Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [Åsjö,B] University of Bergen, Norway. [Coughlan,S] University College Dublin, Ireland. [Descamps,D] AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard. IAME INSERM UMR 1137. Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [Griskevicius,A] Lithuanian AIDS Center, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Hamouda,O] Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. [Horban,A] Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. [Van Kasteren,M] St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands. [Kolupajeva,T] Infectiology Center of Latvia, Riga. [Kostrikis,LG] University of Cyprus, Nicosia. [Liitsola,K] Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. [Linka,M] National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. [Mor,O] National HIV Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. [Nielsen,C] Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Otelea,D] National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Prof. dr. Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania. [Paraskevis,D] National Retrovirus Reference Center, University of Athens, Greece. [Paredes,R] IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain. [Poljak,M] Faculty of Medicine, Slovenian HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Puchhammer-Stöckl,E] Medical University Vienna, Austria. [Staneková,D] Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Stanojevic,M] Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. [Van Laethem,K] Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium. [Zazzi,M] University of Siena, Italy. [Zidovec Lepej,S] University Hospital for Infectious Diseases 'Dr. Fran Mihaljevic', Zagreb, Croatia., This work was supported by a CORE grant of Fond National de la Recherche Luxembourg (grant number C12/BM/4011111–HIV molecular epidemiology in Europe). This work has been partially supported by the European Commission (fifth framework, grant number QLK2-CT-2001-01344, sixth framework, grant number LSHP-CT-2006-518211, DynaNets grant number 233847, seventh framework, CHAIN grant number 223131), Belgium: Belgian AIDS Reference Laboratory Fund, Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant number G.0692.14), Cyprus: Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (grant number Health/0104/22), Denmark: Danish AIDS Foundation, France: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hepatites Virales, Germany: Ministry of Health (grant number 1502-686-18), Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 01KI501), Italy: Fifth National Program on HIV/AIDS, Instituto Superiore di Sanità (grant numbers 40F.56 and 20D.1.6), Luxembourg: Fondation Recherche sur le SiDA and Ministry of Health, Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Education and Science (grant number 175024), Slovakia: project 'Center of Excellence of Environmental Health,' ITMS number 26240120033, based on supporting operational research and development program financed from the European Regional Development Fund, and Sweden: Swedish Research Council and Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency., APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Graduate School, Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Van de Vijver, DA, Åsjö, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Sönnerborg, A, Staneková, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, CA, Schmit, JC, Wensing, AM, SPREAD program investigators, including Vitale F and Tramuto, F, Vandamme, Annemie, Vercauteren, Jurgen, Schrooten, Yoeri, Van Ranst, Marc, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Derdelinckx, Inge, Camacho, Ricardo Jorge, Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], and Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152]

Subjects
Male, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Etravirine, RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor, darunavir, HIV Infections, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Salud pública, genetics, Inhibidores de proteasas, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings], atazanavir, media_common, transmission, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], 3. Good health, microbial sensitivity test, priority journal, Europe, HIV-1, antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance, HIV/AIDS, lamivudine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, Drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, antiviral susceptibility, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings], media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RILPIVIRINE, Article, EFAVIRENZ, 03 medical and health sciences, transmitted drug resistance, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Transmission, human, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings], REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS, Rilpivirina, INTEGRASE, MUTATIONS, abacavir, major clinical study, Virology, Infecciones por VIH, Regimen, Antiretroviral therapy, Drug resistance, Medicine (all), Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings], Mutation, 0301 basic medicine, nevirapine, Communicable diseases, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings], chemistry.chemical_compound, antiviral therapy, INFECTION, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings], Viral, Non-U.S. Gov't, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, antiretrovirus agent, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Middle Aged, virology, PREVALENCE, Encuestas y Cuestionarios, ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT, HIV-1/drug effects, HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology, Rilpivirine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings], Female, HIV drug resistance, medicine.drug, Adult, Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings], Efavirenz, Anti-HIV Agents, Research Support, Resistencia a medicamentos, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, antiviral resistance, Internal medicine, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral, Journal Article, medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], abacavir plus lamivudine, Europa (Continente), HIV Protease Inhibitors, emtricitabine, nonhuman, Intervalos de confianza, Mutación, business.industry, HIV, prediction, Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, tenofovir, INDIVIDUALS, Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics, Benzoxazinas, ETRAVIRINE, drug effects, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Prevalencia, business
Abstract

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors., Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%–9.5%) in 2008–2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016

13. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

14. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

17. Evaluation of the cobas 4800 CT/NG Test for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in urogenital swabs and urine specimens

Author

Parra-Sánchez, Manuel, Palomares, J. C., Bernal, Samuel, González, María Trinidad, Sivianes, Nieves, Pérez, Luis, Pueyo, Isabel, Martín-Mazuelos, Estrella, Parra-Sánchez, Manuel, Palomares, J. C., Bernal, Samuel, González, María Trinidad, Sivianes, Nieves, Pérez, Luis, Pueyo, Isabel, and Martín-Mazuelos, Estrella

Abstract

We have evaluated 696 samples (488 swabs and 208 urine specimens) with the cobas 4800 (c4800) CT/NG Test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in swab and urine specimens. c4800 results were compared with those obtained from COBAS AMPLICOR (CAM) CT/NG Test. Discordant results were reanalyzed with the MultiNA system and compared with clinical data. For C. trachomatis detection by both methods, we obtained 93.8%, 100%, 100%, and 99.1% for sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, respectively. For urine specimens analyzed in c4800, our results were 96.6%, 100%, 100%, and 99.4%, respectively. For N. gonorrhoeae detection, swab results were:88.0%, 100%, 100%, and 99.4%. For urine specimen, results obtained were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%. Reanalyses were all concordant between both methods. c4800 results were comparable with those obtained with the CAM system. We had an excellent correlation between swab and urine specimens analyzed by c4800. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2012

21. Value of serological diagnosis in congenital syphilis. Report of nine cases.

Author

Borobio, M V, Nogales, M C, and Palomares, J C

Abstract

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is difficult since it depends mainly on the results of serological tests. The results of five serological tests (three specific and two non-specific) in nine neonates with congenital syphilis are compared with those obtained in three with passively acquired antibodies. It appeared that the serological diagnosis of congenital syphilis must be based on the finding of specific neonatal antibodies in cord serum, which give positive results to the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test for immunoglobulin M, together with high titres of total IgM and negative results to latex tests. The non-specific tests are useful for confirming the efficacy of treatment. The mean number of cases of congenital syphilis in Seville is 0.81/1000 live births. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1980
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22. Antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile, auxotypes and serovars of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Sevilla (Spain).

Author

Palomares, J C, Lozano, M C, and Perea, E J

Abstract

The antibiotics resistance pattern, the plasmid profile, the auxotypes and serotypes of 116 Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates obtained in one year were examined. The incidence of penicillinase producing (PPNG) strains was 12% (14 strains). The most frequent plasmid pattern was the combination of 4.5, 2.6 and 24.5 MDa plasmids. The conjugative plasmid of 24.5 MDa showed a high prevalence (32% of the total strains), and almost all the PPNG strains harboured this plasmid. The strains with the 4.5 MDa plasmid belonged to the auxotypes Pro-, Zero and Pro-Hyx-Ura-, whereas that with the 3.2 MDa plasmid was of auxotype Pro-Hyx-His-. The serotypes Aedih/Arst (WI serogroup) and Bak/Bropt, Back/Bropyt and Bak/Bropyt (WII/III serogroup) were predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1990
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23. Detection of resistant mutations in the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1-infected children.

Author

Palomares, J. C., Perea, E. J., Terrero, E., Torres, M. J., García, M. L., Romero, J., and Alejo, A.

Subjects
*HIV, *LYMPHOCYTES
Abstract

Focuses on the detection of resistant mutations in the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1-infected children. Effect of antiretroviral drug on HIV infections; Analysis of the plasma RNA; Determination of the lymphocyte count and disease progression.

Published
2000
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33. Dual genitotropic human papillomavirus infections in genital warts.

Author

Aznar, J, Ojeda, A, Torres, M J, Palomares, J C, and Rodriguez-Pichardo, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND METHODS--We have carried out a prospective study of dual genitotropic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections by means of two different DNA detection methods in biopsy specimens obtained from patients who were examined for genital warts at the STD clinic of the School of Medicine in Seville, between January 1990 and December 1991. RESULTS--100 patients with a clinical diagnosis of condilomata acuminata were seen during the study period. DNA of the genitotropic HPV 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/35 was detected by an in situ hybridisation method in 75 (77%) of the 98 evaluable samples; one of the genotypes tested in 59 (61%) samples, and two or more genotypes tested in the remaining 16 (15%) samples. In 21 (98%) of the 23 negative samples by in situ hybridisation, we were able to detect DNA of genital HPV using a polymerase chain reaction amplification method (PCR). Among the 34 samples where PCR was applied we confirmed the presence of two different HPV genotypes in eight samples. CONCLUSIONS--The frequency of dual infections with human genitotropic papillomavirus in genital warts was 8%, although we believe that this rate should be higher as we have not used the PCR method in all of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1993
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35. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe.

Author

Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Van Laethem K, Beshkov D, Alexiev I, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Linka M, Maly M, Machala L, Nielsen C, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Liitsola K, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Descamps D, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Hamouda O, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Paraskevis D, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, Coughlan S, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lambert J, O'Connor E, Rochford A, Low J, Coakely P, O'Dea S, Hall W, Mor O, Levi I, Chemtob D, Grossman Z, Zazzi M, de Luca A, Balotta C, Riva C, Mussini C, Caramma I, Capetti A, Colombo MC, Rossi C, Prati F, Tramuto F, Vitale F, Ciccozzi M, Angarano G, Rezza G, Kolupajeva T, Vasins O, Griskevicius A, Lipnickiene V, Schmit JC, Struck D, Sauvageot N, Hemmer R, Arendt V, Michaux C, Staub T, Sequin-Devaux C, Wensing AMJ, Boucher CAB, van de Vijver DAMC, van Kessel A, van Bentum PHM, Brinkman K, Connell BJ, van der Ende ME, Hoepelman IM, van Kasteren M, Kuipers M, Langebeek N, Richter C, Santegoets RMWJ, Schrijnders-Gudde L, Schuurman R, van de Ven BJM, Åsjö B, Kran AB, Ormaasen V, Aavitsland P, Horban A, Stanczak JJ, Stanczak GP, Firlag-Burkacka E, Wiercinska-Drapalo A, Jablonowska E, Maolepsza E, Leszczyszyn-Pynka M, Szata W, Camacho R, Palma C, Borges F, Paixão T, Duque V, Araújo F, Otelea D, Paraschiv S, Tudor AM, Cernat R, Chiriac C, Dumitrescu F, Prisecariu LJ, Stanojevic M, Jevtovic D, Salemovic D, Stanekova D, Habekova M, Chabadová Z, Drobkova T, Bukovinova P, Shunnar A, Truska P, Poljak M, Lunar M, Babic D, Tomazic J, Vidmar L, Vovko T, Karner P, Garcia F, Paredes R, Monge S, Moreno S, Del Amo J, Asensi V, Sirvent JL, de Mendoza C, Delgado R, Gutiérrez F, Berenguer J, Garcia-Bujalance S, Stella N, de Los Santos I, Blanco JR, Dalmau D, Rivero M, Segura F, Elías MJP, Alvarez M, Chueca N, Rodríguez-Martín C, Vidal C, Palomares JC, Viciana I, Viciana P, Cordoba J, Aguilera A, Domingo P, Galindo MJ, Miralles C, Del Pozo MA, Ribera E, Iribarren JA, Ruiz L, de la Torre J, Vidal F, Clotet B, Albert J, Heidarian A, Aperia-Peipke K, Axelsson M, Mild M, Karlsson A, Sönnerborg A, Thalme A, Navér L, Bratt G, Karlsson A, Blaxhult A, Gisslén M, Svennerholm B, Bergbrant I, Björkman P, Säll C, Mellgren Å, Lindholm A, Kuylenstierna N, Montelius R, Azimi F, Johansson B, Carlsson M, Johansson E, Ljungberg B, Ekvall H, Strand A, Mäkitalo S, Öberg S, Holmblad P, Höfer M, Holmberg H, Josefson P, and Ryding U

Subjects
Adult, Europe, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Protease Inhibitors pharmacology, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Mutation, Prevalence, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 drug effects
Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001., Methods: Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0., Results: The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones., Conclusions: Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2016
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36. Performance of the NG OligoGen kit for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: comparison with cobas 4800 assay.

Author

Parra-Sánchez M, García-Rey S, Marcuello A, Zakariya-Yousef I, Bernal S, Pueyo I, Martín-Mazuelos E, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Neisseria gonorrhoeae genetics, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spain, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification
Abstract

PCR assays are nowadays between the most sensitive and reliable methods for screening and diagnosing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability, accuracy, and usefulness of the new NG OligoGen kit in comparison with the cobas 4800 assay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. A prospective study was designed for detection of N. gonorrhoeae including urine samples (n=152), rectal (n=80), endocervical (n=67), pharyngeal (n=41), and urethral swabs (n=5) that were sent from a regional STI clinic in Seville, Spain. Samples were collected from 255 (73.9%) men and 90 women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicative values, and kappa value for N. gonorrhoeae detection using the NG OligoGen kit were 99.6%, 100%, 100%, 99.1%, and 0.99, respectively. Statistical data obtained in this study confirm the usefulness and reliable results of this new assay., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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37. Rifampin and isoniazid resistance associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Seville, Spain.

Author

Torres MJ, Criado A, Gónzalez N, Palomares JC, and Aznar J

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial analysis, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spain, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Drug Resistance, Multiple genetics, Isoniazid pharmacology, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Rifampin pharmacology
Abstract

The susceptibility phenotypes of 964 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied over a 7-year period in Seville, Spain. Thirty-eight (3.9%) strains were rifampin (RMP) resistant, 79 (8.2%) were isoniazid (INH) resistant and 22 (2.3%) were resistant to at least both antimicrobials (multidrug-resistant, MDR). We studied the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs in 94 resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis using three molecular methods: 1) PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, 2) RFLP analysis using B1/B2 primers, and 3) sequence analysis. Five different mutations were detected in the rpoB gene: Ser531-->Leu (72.3%), His526-->Asp (12.8%), Asn518-->Ser (2.1%), Gln513-->Leu (2.1%) and a nine-nucleotide deletion (2.1%). In the case of resistance to INH, four different mutations in the katG gene were detected, Ser315-->Thr (58.0%), Ser315-->Leu (2.9%), partial deletion (5.8%) and Ile304-->Val (1.4%), while in the inhA regulatory region the only mutation was the nucleotide substitution C209T (4.3%). No mutation was found in the ahpC promoter.

Published
2002

38. Use of real-time PCR and fluorimetry for rapid detection of rifampin and isoniazid resistance-associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Author

Torres MJ, Criado A, Palomares JC, and Aznar J

Subjects
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases genetics, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Drug Resistance, Multiple genetics, Fluorometry, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Peroxidases genetics, Pilot Projects, Temperature, Time Factors, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins, Isoniazid pharmacology, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Rifampin pharmacology
Abstract

Very fast amplification of DNA in small volumes can be continuously monitored with a rapid cycler that incorporates fluorimetric detection. Primers were designed to amplify a 157-bp fragment of the rpoB gene spanning codons 526 and 531 and a 209-bp fragment of the katG gene spanning codon 315 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most mutations associated with resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in clinical isolates occur in these codons. Two pairs of hybridization probes were synthesized; one in each pair was 3' labeled with fluorescein and hybridized upstream of the codon with the mutation; the other two probes were 5' labeled with LightCycler-Red 640. Each pair of probes recognized adjacent sequences in the amplicon. After DNA amplification was finished by using a LightCycler, the temperature at which the Red 640 probe melted from the product was determined in a 3-min melt program. Twenty M. tuberculosis clinical isolates susceptible to streptomycin, INH, RMP, and ethambutol and 36 antibiotic-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis isolates (16 resistant to RMP, 16 to INH, and 4 to both antimicrobial agents) were amplified, and the presence of mutations was determined using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, the LiQor automated sequencer, and the LightCycler system. Concordant results were obtained in all cases. Within 30 min, the LightCycler method correctly genotyped all the strains without the need of any post-PCR sample manipulation. Overall, this pilot study demonstrated that real-time PCR coupled to fluorescence detection is the fastest available method for the detection of RMP and INH resistance-associated mutations in M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.

Published
2000
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39. Molecular analysis of rifampin and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Seville, Spain.

Author

González N, Torres MJ, Aznar J, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Antibiotics, Antitubercular pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Humans, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Isoniazid pharmacology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Rifampin pharmacology
Abstract

In this study we examined the mechanisms of resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in 352 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Sevilla, Spain, using three different molecular methods: 1) PCR-single strand polymorphism analysis; 2) the commercial system Inno-LiPA RTB for RMP resistance; and 3) sequence analysis. Resistance to RMP was found in 21 strains, where the following mutations in the rpoB gene were detected: Ser531-->Leu (n = 14 strains); His526-->Asp (n = 3), Asn518-->Ser (n = 1), Gln513-->Leu (n = 1) and a nine nucleotide deletion (n = 1). Resistance to INH occurred in 29 strains, with mutations observed in: a) katG gene: Ser315-->Thr (n = 12), Ile304-->Val (n = 1), and a partial deletion (n = 4); b) regulatory region of the inhA gene: nucleotide substitution C209T (n = 3). No mutation was found in the ahpC promoter.

Published
1999
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40. [Characterization of the rpoB gene mutations in clinical isolates of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Author

González N, Torres MJ, Palomares JC, and Aznar J

Subjects
Amino Acid Substitution, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Mutation, Missense, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Rifampin pharmacology, Tuberculosis microbiology
Abstract

Objectives: Characterization and frequency of the rpoB gene mutations associated with rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Sevilla., Methods: Characterization of rpoB mutations in 21 rifampicin-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis isolated during a three-year period (1994-1996) by three different molecular methods: a nonradioactive Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, DNA sequence analysis and a commercial method the line probe assay InnoLiPA., Results: Five distinct rpoB mutations were identified. Ser531-->Leu mutation was detected in 14 strains (66.7%), H526-->Asp in 3 strains (14.3%), Ans512-->Ser in 1 strain (4.8%), Glu513-->Leu in 1 strain (4.8%). A nine nucleotide deletion (codon 510-513) was found in one strain (4.8%) while in the remaining resistant strain (4.8%) no mutation was detected., Conclusions: The frequency of the different mutations found in the rpoB gene, associated with rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Seville, are similar to those previously reported. However, two new mutations has been detected: a nine nucleotide deletion (codon 510-513), and the Asn512-->Ser point mutation. The characterization of the mutations in the rpoB gene could serve as epidemiological marker for the rifampicin resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.

Published
1998

43. [Subspecific classification of 11 clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae based on their biochemical, antibiotic and plasmid profiles].

Author

Seman M, Torres MJ, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Bacterial Typing Techniques, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics, Klebsiella pneumoniae metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plasmids, Klebsiella pneumoniae classification
Abstract

The paper summarizes at a subspecific level 11 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae. The objective of the work was to determine in a simple and effective way differences between different strains of the mentioned taxon. Biochemical characteristics, antibiogram and part of the plasmid spectrum were used for assessment of inter-species differences between different strains and at the same time their use as simple markers of epidemiological analyses is presented.

Published
1997

44. [False tuberculosis outbreak caused by specimen contamination in a micro-bacteriology laboratory: confirmation by molecular techniques].

Author

Aznar J, Safi H, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Adult, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Lung microbiology, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Bacteriological Techniques, Disease Outbreaks, Equipment Contamination, Laboratories, Hospital, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Specimen Handling, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
Abstract

Background: The authors describe a false outbreak of tuberculosis by contamination in sample processing., Methods: The longitudinal polymorphisms of restriction fragments (RFLPs) of 6 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in different patients over a three week period and which were apparently implicated in an outbreak of tuberculosis were analyzed., Results: Four of the strains studied presented identical restriction pattern and the remaining two presented totally different patterns. Following study of the clinical histories and the epidemiologic relationships three cases of tuberculosis were confirmed. The other three strains isolated corresponded to contamination during the sampling process., Conclusions: In a possible outbreak of six cases of tuberculosis, molecular techniques have allowed identification of three true cases of tuberculosis and have demonstrated contamination during the sampling process in three other cases. The latter could not have been shown with the clinical and phenotypical data of the strains.

Published
1997

45. Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis infection in pediatrics wards.

Author

Aznar J, Safi H, Romero J, Alejo A, Gracia A, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Fingerprinting, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Cross Infection microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary transmission
Abstract

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms is a well-established method of "DNA fingerprinting" that has been used to trace the transmission of particular strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during investigations of outbreaks. This report describe the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis to investigate two outbreaks of tuberculosis that affected six children who attended two pediatric wards in our hospital. In both outbreaks a history of household exposure to an adult with M. tuberculosis was obtained and suspected tuberculous contacts were identified. We have demonstrated unequivocally the strain relationship among the isolates in all the cases by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis. These techniques are very useful for performing epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis in children where natural history of tuberculosis infection is different from that in adults in that it is almost always primary infection rather than reactivation.

Published
1995
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46. Fluorescent detection-polymerase chain reaction (FD-PCR) assay on microwell plates as a screening test for salmonellas in foods.

Author

Cano RJ, Rasmussen SR, Sánchez Fraga G, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Alkaline Phosphatase, Animals, Cattle microbiology, Chelating Agents, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Fluorescent Dyes, Food Analysis instrumentation, Humans, Meat microbiology, Oligonucleotide Probes, Polymerase Chain Reaction instrumentation, Poultry microbiology, Resins, Synthetic, Salmonella Food Poisoning prevention & control, Sensitivity and Specificity, Swine microbiology, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Fluorometry, Food Analysis methods, Food Contamination analysis, Food Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Salmonella isolation & purification
Abstract

This study evaluates a polymerase chain reaction assay coupled with a fluorescent detection in microwell plates for salmonellas in food samples. Chelex 100-extracted cultures and bulk and processed food samples were used as templates for a PCR assay in microwell plates, with a primer pair that amplifies a 206 bp segment of IS200. The PCR products were then denatured by heat and transferred to CovaLink NH plates (Nunc) to which capture oligonucleotides were covalently bound. Hybridization was performed for 1 h at 55 degrees C, the microwells were washed and an alkaline phosphatase-labelled probe, complementary of an internal sequence of the PCR product, was added. After stringent washes, 100 microliters of 1 mmol 1(-1) AttoPhos (JBL Scientific) was then added to the wells and the fluorescence measurement system (Millipore). The level of detection of the assay was as low as 1-10 cfu. A total of 172 food samples were tested, both by culture and FD-PCR. Of these 53 were culture positive and 119 culture negative. The sensitivity of the FD-PCR assay was 100% and the specificity was 90.1%. Positive and negative predictive values were 82.8 and 100%, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study it appears that the FD-PCR assay described here can be useful to screen a large number of food samples for contamination by salmonellas.

Published
1993
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48. [Use of PCR in the epidemiological identification of Campylobacter spp].

Author

Torres MJ and Palomares JC

Subjects
Base Sequence, Campylobacter isolation & purification, Campylobacter Infections epidemiology, Campylobacter jejuni classification, Campylobacter jejuni isolation & purification, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Diarrhea epidemiology, Helicobacter Infections epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori isolation & purification, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Campylobacter classification, Campylobacter Infections microbiology, Diarrhea microbiology, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Helicobacter pylori classification, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
Abstract

Background: With arbitrary primer PCR technique it is possible to obtain amplification lane patterns easily and with good reproducibility from the genomic DNA of bacteria studied. There is also no need for prior information regarding the DNA sequence., Method: This method implies two cycles of amplification with low stringency, followed by a PCR of high stringency., Results: Using the above mentioned technique, we were able to show that Campylobacter spp from clinical samples could be separated as well as different strains from the same species., Conclusions: According to our results as well as the ones from different authors applied to other microorganisms, we can assume that the method could be used in any bacterial species for epidemiologic studies purposes.

Published
1992

49. Detection of salmonellas by DNA hybridization with a fluorescent alkaline phosphatase substrate.

Author

Cano RJ, Torres MJ, Klem RE, Palomares JC, and Casadesus J

Subjects
Alkaline Phosphatase metabolism, DNA Probes, Fluorescent Dyes analysis, Food Microbiology, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Salmonella genetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Fluorometry methods, Food Inspection methods, Salmonella isolation & purification
Abstract

This study evaluates a DNA hybridization assay for salmonella with AttoPhos (JBL Scientific, San Luis Obispo, CA), a fluorescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase. The probe used (50 ng/ml) was a biotinylated 600 bp fragment consisting of a tandem repeat of an insertion sequence (IS200) found in most Salmonella spp. evaluated. The hybridization was carried out at 65 degrees C for 2 h without prior prehybridization and hybrids were detected by the addition of a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Circles (5 mm) were cut from the membrane and placed in a cuvette containing 1 ml of 1 mmol/l AttoPhos. The reaction was evaluated after 30 min at 37 degrees C with a fluorometer with an excitation wavelength of 440 nm and an emission wavelength of 550 nm. The sensitivity of the probe was estimated to be 10,000 copies of target DNA or 5 x 10(-20) mol of DNA. All 74 salmonella strains tested reacted with the probe but none of the 98 heterologous species tested gave positive results. The results of this study indicate that our assay method, which employs a biotinylated tandem repeat of IS200 and AttoPhos, is a specific and highly sensitive quantitative method for the detection of salmonellas.

Published
1992
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50. [Chlamydia trachomatis detection by DNA-RNA hybridization].

Author

Torres MJ, Cano RJ, Rodríguez A, and Palomares JC

Subjects
Female, Humans, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Vaginal Smears, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Uterine Cervicitis microbiology
Abstract

Background: A one-chain DNA probe, that complements ribosomal RNA of Chlamydia trachomatis was used as a detection method for this microorganism on clinical samples. We compare the method with the cell culture one., Methods: A total of 175 samples (cervix swabs) from women seen at the STD center of the Facultad de Medicina de Sevilla were examined by both diagnostic techniques. When the results were different, a third method (ELISA) was also used., Results: Using serial dilutions of a C. trachomatis cell culture as reference pattern, we determine the minimum number of inclusion forming units needed in order to be detected by the probe was 1000. Of all 175 samples, in 24 (14%) cell culture was positive for C. trachomatis, and 26 were positive using the DNA probe test. Sensitivity and specificity for this test were 93% and 95%, respectively., Conclusions: We believe that the DNA probe test was similar to the cell culture test as screening test in Chlamydia trachomatis infections diagnosis, specially among high risk populations.

Published
1992

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