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Objective:This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of food parenting practices (FPP), including home availability of different types of foods and drinks, parental modelling of fruit intake, permissiveness and the use of food as a reward in the relationship between parental education and dietary intake in European children.Design:Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether FPP explain associations between parents’ educational level and children’s dietary intake measured by a parent-reported FFQ.Setting:Six European countries.Participants:Parent–child dyads (n 6705, 50·7 % girls, 88·8 % mothers) from the Feel4Diabetes-study.Results:Children aged 8·15 ± 0·96 years were included. Parental education was associated with children’s higher intake of water, fruits and vegetables and lower intake of sugar-rich foods and savoury snacks. All FPP explained the associations between parental education and dietary intake to a greater or lesser extent. Specifically, home availability of soft drinks explained 59·3 % of the association between parental education and sugar-rich food intake. Home availability of fruits and vegetables was the strongest mediators in the association between parental education and fruit and vegetable consumption (77·3 % and 51·5 %, respectively). Regarding savoury snacks, home availability of salty snacks and soft drinks was the strongest mediators (27·6 % and 20·8 %, respectively).Conclusions:FPP mediate the associations between parental education and children’s dietary intake. This study highlights the importance of addressing FPP in future interventions targeting low-educated populations.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is affecting a high percentage of the population at an unprecedented rate. Cancer patients comprise a subgroup especially vulnerable to this infection. Herein, we present a prospective analysis of epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory data of consecutive adult cancer patients seen in the Clínico San Carlos University Hospital (Madrid, Spain), and admitted to hospital and tested for COVID‐19 between 21 February 2020 and 8 May 2020 due to clinical suspicion of infection. Data from 73 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 and active solid tumors or diagnosed within the previous 5 years were analyzed. The most frequent malignancy was lung cancer (19%) and 54 patients (74%) were on active cancer treatment. Most common findings on presentation included cough (55%), fever (52%) and dyspnea (45%), and 32 (44%) patients showed oxygen saturation levels below 95%. Radiologically, 54 (73%) patients presented an abnormal pattern, the most frequent being infiltrates (64%). 18 (24.7%) patients died in hospital and 55 (75.3%) were discharged with clinical resolution of the event. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and tumor stage showed higher odds of in‐hospital death associated with a history of cardiovascular disease, hospitalization in the previous 30 days, and several features on admission including dyspnea, higher qSOFA score, higher C‐reactive protein levels and an abnormal neutrophil count. We present prospective, real‐world evidence that can help articulate cancer care protocols for patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, with special focus on features on admission that can stratify patients with a higher risk of death from COVID‐19., What's new? This report provides prospective data about cancer patients with COVID‐19 in a situation of maximum pressure on the healthcare system of a large urban area in Western Europe. Despite a milder clinical profile on presentation, in‐hospital mortality of COVID‐19 was higher in cancer patients than in the general population. The mortality risk was associated with a history of cardiovascular disease and several variables on admission, but seemed not to be influenced by tumor type or anti‐tumor therapy. The evidence could help articulate cancer care protocols for patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and identify patients with a higher risk of in‐hospital death.

OBJECTIVE Although substantial research has explored the Hispanic health paradox (HHP) and suggests that Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to those born in the United States, less research has assessed the role of immigration status. Our aim was to examine this role in Latinx health. METHODS Using survey data collected at two free/reduced-cost clinics in southernmost Texas, we examined differences in the mental and self-rated health, substance, alcohol, and tobacco use of low-income patients by undocumented/documented immigrant and US-born/naturalized citizen status (N = 588). RESULTS Based on ordinary least squares regression results, undocumented Latinx immigrants report lower negative self-rated health (coefficient -0.27, 95% confidence interval -0.50 to -0.01) and lower depressive symptoms (coefficient -0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.67 to -0.02]) compared with their US citizen peers (P < 0.05). Logistic regression results suggest that undocumented and documented Latinx immigrants do not differ in alcohol, tobacco, or substance use relative to their citizen peers. CONCLUSIONS Despite facing potentially adverse social environments, undocumented Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to US-born/naturalized citizen peers.

Background: Food parenting practices, behaviours and food availability at home are associated with children's food choices; however, these associations have been mainly studied for each parenting practice separately and focused mostly on healthy populations. The aim of the study was to identify patterns of parenting practices (including data regarding food availability at home, food and physical activity-related behaviours and rewards) and to investigate their cross-sectional associations with children's food choices in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Data of parents and children (n = 2278), from the Feel4Diabetes study conducted in six European countries, were collected using validated questionnaires. The data analysed included children's food choices, food availability at home and food and physical activity-related parenting practices. Four patterns of parenting practices were identified using principal component analysis, and associations between those components and children's food choices were assessed using adjusted, individual linear regressions. Results: Parenting patterns focusing on unhealthy habits, such as allowing unhealthy snacks and unlimited screen time, providing higher availability of unhealthy foods at home, rewarding with snacks and screen time, were positively associated with children's unhealthy food choices (consumption of savoury/sweet snacks, fizzy drinks, etc.). The parenting patterns providing fruit/vegetables at home, consuming fruit, and being physically active with the child were positively associated with children's healthier food choices (consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals, etc.). Conclusions: Public health initiatives should focus on high-risk families for T2D, assisting them to adopt appropriate parenting practices and behaviours to promote healthier food choices for children.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 on haemodialysis are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease according to 10-year estimation validated risk models (SCORE system) [1, 2]. Cardiac biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) and troponin I (Tn-I), have been studied in this population enabling patient classification and prediction of cardiovascular morbimortality in chronic haemodialysis [3–5]. The primary objective of this study is to determine serum levels of the cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP and TnI, and to evaluate the relationships between ecocardiographic signs of heart failure and its treatment, and to identify those patients in chronic haemodialysis at the highest cardiovascular risk. METHOD We performed an observational, descriptive study in patients on maintenance haemodialysis at our haemodialysis unit (n = 118). We collected different data: gender, age, dialysis vintage and etiology of CKD. We examined medical records and transthoracic echocardiography reports of the last year and classified patients according to heart failure diagnosis (yes/no). Levels of NT-proBNP were divided into three categories with different cut-off points: group 1 (75-year-old, NT-proBNP RESULTS Participants’ mean age was 64.65 ± 2.84 years, and 62.7% were identified as male. The mean age was 4.4 years older in women (67.43 years in women and 62.92 years in men). A total of 66.9% of patients had started renal replacement therapy in the last 5 years. The most common etiology of CKD (number of patients) was diabetes (31) followed in decreasing order by unknown (22), glomerular disease (18), hypertension (13), hereditary disease (8), systemic disease (4) and other kidney and urologic disorders (22). The diagnosis of heart failure stated by medical records and echocardiography was positive only in 26.27% (31 patients), thus the 73.73% (87 patients) did not present that diagnosis. Of those 31 patients with heart failure, 26 patients had raised NT-proBNP levels, in accordance with their predefined age-group (group 1, 2 or 3). On the other hand, 77 (or 65% of the total sample) of the 87 patients without clinically diagnosed heart failure had elevated cardiac biomarkers that could support a heart failure diagnosis, not previously stated in their medical history. Tn-I levels were positive in 35% (39 patients) without dyspnea, chest pain or other heart disease symptoms. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cardiac biomarkers allowed us to broaden the diagnostic process of heart failure and to identify those patients at a higher cardiovascular risk. Our results suggest the majority of patients of our haemodialysis unit would benefit of a closer monitoring, with echocardiography and assessment of serum cardiac biomarkers.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Currently, hospital haemodialysis units present a high percentage of patients with central venous catheters as the preferred access for haemodialysis treatment, compared with arteriovenous fistula. In most cases, this situation is derived from the characteristics of the patients in these units: patients with high comorbidity, vascular exhaustion and age, among others. For this reason, in the face of a large population with these characteristics, we decided to assess whether there were differences in the blood gas values obtained depending on the place of origin of the sample extraction: from the catheter itself or from the peripheral line. OBJECTIVES Estimate if there are differences in the results obtained in venous blood gases extracted from a venous catheter compared with those obtained through peripheral venipuncture. METHOD Two simultaneous cohort studies were carried out to assess the analytical results of venous blood gas according to whether the origin of the sample was from a central venous catheter or fistula, and a second study that compared the results of patients with central venous catheters to those obtained peripherally on the same day and time. The sample consisted of 104 patients undergoing renal replacement treatment in the Haemodialysis Unit of Torrecardenas Hospital in Almería. Hypothesis: (1) There are differences between blood gases obtained from patients with AVF and vascular catheter. (2) There are differences between the blood gases of the patients depending on whether they are extracted from a vascular catheter or peripheral venipuncture. In the first case, a hypothesis contrast test was carried out to compare the means in independent samples. To verify the second hypothesis, a comparison of means for paired samples was made, for the gasometric results depending on whether they came from a catheter or peripheral puncture. IBM's SPSS software was used to manage these data. RESULTS Of the 104 patients, there were 68 men (65.38%) and 36 women (34.62%) with a mean age of 63.83 years. Permanent catheter bearers in 49.03% of cases (51 patients). Six patients were excluded from whom no valid sample was obtained. The test carried out did not show significance for the first hypothesis raised, and differences in blood gas measurements between patients with AVF and vascular catheter could not be accepted. The difference between the pH, pHCO3 and pCO2 of the blood gases was significant depending on whether they came from a vascular catheter or peripheral venipuncture. CONCLUSION Given the data obtained, we can conclude that there are no differences in the analytical results of the samples obtained from the catheter or from the fistula, which both represent a reliable method when obtaining the samples in these patients, eliminating traumatic venipuncture. However, significant differences were found within the same subjects depending on whether the sample was obtained.

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the members of the Feel4Diabetes-study group (refer to online Supplementary file 1). We are also grateful for all participating schools, parents and children participated in this study and all those who were involved in data collection and processing. This study was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 under grant agreement n° 643708. Financial support: The Feel4Diabetes-study was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n° 643708. The funding body did not have any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. The content of this article reflects only the authors’ views and the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Conflict of interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests/ competing interests. Authorship: L.M. conducted the statistical analyses and wrote the manuscript; Y.M. coordinated the study; L.A.M., Y.M., G.C., K.M. and T.T. participated in the design of the study; E.M.G.G. and L.A.M. critically revised the manuscript and supervised all procedures; P.F.B., C.M., G.C., R.W., V.I. and N.U. provided essential intellectual input; all authors have read, revised and approved the final version of the manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: Feel4Diabetes-study followed the conventions of the Council of Europe on human rights and biomedicine and the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was provided by the Ethical Committees (i.e. Universities and research institutions) of all participating European countries including Spain (ethical approval code: CP03/2016), Greece (code: 46/3-4-2015), Finland (code:174/1801/2015), Belgium (code: B670201524237), Bulgaria (code: 52/10-3-201r) and Hungary (code: 20095/2016/EKU). All parents were informed about the purpose of the study, and they signed a written informed consent for their participation, which gave them the chance to withdraw from the study at any point., For supplementary material/s referred to in this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022002245, Objective: To examine the parental food consumption and diet quality and its associations with children’s consumption in families at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus across Europe. Also, to compare food frequency consumption among parents and children from high-risk families to the European Dietary guidelines/recommendations. Design: Cross-sectional study using Feel4diabetes FFQ. Setting: Families completed FFQ and anthropometric measures were obtained. Linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the relations between parental food consumption and diet quality and their children’s food consumption after consideration of potential confounders. Participants: 2095 European families (74·6 % mothers, 50·9 % girls). The participants included parent and one child, aged 6–8 years. Results: Parental food consumption was significantly associated with children’s intake from the same food groups among boys and girls. Most parents and children showed under-consumption of healthy foods according to the European Dietary Guidelines. Parental diet quality was positively associated with children’s intake of ‘fruit’ (boys: β = 0·233, P < 0·001; girls: β = 0·134, P < 0·05) and ‘vegetables’ (boys: β = 0·177, P < 0·01; girls: β = 0·234, P < 0·001) and inversely associated with their ‘snacks’ consumption (boys: β = –0·143, P < 0·05; girls: β = –0·186, P < 0·01). Conclusion: The present study suggests an association between parental food consumption and diet quality and children’s food intake. More in-depth studies and lifestyle interventions that include both parents and children are therefore recommended for future research., Horizon 2020 643708

The Feel4Diabetes-Study has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement: n degrees 643708). The content of this article reflects only the authors' views, and the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The funding body had no role in the design of this study and collection, analysis and interpretation of the data and inwriting this manuscript., Adoption of healthy dietary and snacking habits could support optimum physical and mental development in children as they define health in adulthood. This study assessed parameters associated with children’s snacking such as food home availability, parenting practices, and parents’ health beliefs. In this cross-sectional study 12, 039 children, 49.4% boys 5-12 years old, participating in the European Feel4Diabetes-Study were included. Children’s weekly consumption of sweets and salty snacks, home availability of snacks, food parenting practices, and health beliefs were assessed via questionnaires. Logistic regression was applied to explore associations of a) home availability of snacks, b) food parenting practices (permissiveness and rewarding with snacks) and c) parent’s opinions on deterministic health beliefs with children’s consumption of sweets and salty snacks. Results showed that home availability (sweets: ORadj 4.76, 95%CI: 4.32, 5.23; salty snacks: ORadj: 6.56, 95%CI: 5.64, 7.61), allowing to consume (sweets: ORadj: 3.29, 95%CI: 2.95, 3.67; salty snacks: ORadj: 3.41, 95%CI: 2.98, 3.90) and rewarding with sweets/salty snacks (sweets: ORadj: 2.69, 95%CI: 2.23, 3.24; salty snacks: ORadj: 4.34, 95%CI: 3.57, 5.28) ‘sometimes/or less frequently’ compared to ‘always/or often’ were associated with lower weekly consumption of sweets and snacks. Parents’ disagreement compared to agreement with deterministic health beliefs and inattentive eating were associated with lower consumption of salty snacks and sweets in children. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that attempts to promote healthy snacking habits in children should aim to improve parental dietary habits, food parenting practices, health beliefs, and reducing home availability of unhealthy foods and snacks., European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 643708

The present study investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) with lean body mass (LBM) and evaluated whether PA mediates the association between PF and LBM. 279 children (150 boys) aged 7.5 ± 0.3 years participated in the study. PA was assessed by accelerometry and PF with handgrip and the standing long jump test. Total lean soft tissue mass index (TLSTMI), muscle cross-sectional area index (MCSAI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bioimpedance analysis, respectively. Total (β = 0.247) and vigorous PA (β = 0.143) were associated with TLSTMI in girls. In boys, total (β = 0.337), light (β = 0.290), vigorous (β = 0.200), and moderate-vigorous PA (β = 0.189) were associated with TLSTMI. Total PA was associated with FFMI (β = 0.299). Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. Positive associations were found between handgrip strength and TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI in both girls and boys. In children, there is a positive association between total and vigorous PA with TLSTMI. Handgrip strength does not mediate the relationship between total PA and TLSTMI. It was associated with TLSTMI, MCSAI, and FFMI.

The time spent in different types of sedentary behaviours has been associated with a poor intake in children, which contributes to childhood obesity. The aims of this study were: to examine the ass...

Background Past research has focused on the relationship between mothers's and children's eating habits, although little is known about fathers as potential agents. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between fathers'' and children''s fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in the context of fathers'' education level and family income insecurity. Methods Cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the multicentre Feel4Diabetes Study were collected in 2016. Participants were parent-dyads (fathers, n = 10, 038) and school children (n = 12, 041) from six European countries. Socio-demographic and dietary data were collected using questionnaires. Associations were assessed applying the multinomial logistic regression model. Results Overall, European children have low FV intake, especially in Southern European countries (Greece, Spain and Hungary). Children with fathers consuming FV daily were more likely to consume fresh fruit (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95-3.88) and vegetables (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.80-3.60) 1-2 times per day. After adjusting for paternal educational level and family income insecurity significant associations remained for fresh fruit (ORadj = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.82-3.69) and vegetables (ORadj = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.38-2.86). Country differences showed that fathers'' educational level and income insecurity might be important factors worth considering for FV intake in Greece. Conclusions The present study showed that fathers'' FV intake was positively associated with children''s daily intake of these foods. Implementation of future population-based strategies promoting FV intake not only in mothers, but also in fathers could be an effective public health initiative to increase FV intake in children. Policy-makers should give special attention to families dwelling in Southern European regions.

Food parenting practices (FPPs) have an important role in shaping children’s dietary behaviors. This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over a two-year follow-up between FPP and dietary intake and compliance with current recommendations in 6- to 11-year-old European children. A total of 2967 parent-child dyads from the Feel4Diabetes study, a randomized controlled trial of a school and community-based intervention, (50.4% girls and 93.5% mothers) were included. FPPs assessed were: (1) home food availability, (2) parental role modeling of fruit intake, (3) permissiveness, (4) using food as a reward. Children’s dietary intake was assessed through a parent-reported food frequency questionnaire. In regression analyses, the strongest cross-sectional associations were observed between home availability of 100% fruit juice and corresponding intake (β = 0.492 in girls and β = 0.506 in boys, p &lt, 0.001), and between parental role modeling of fruit intake and children’s fruit intake (β = 0.431 in girls and β = 0.448 in boys, p &lt, 0.001). In multilevel logistic regression models, results indicated that improvements in positive FPPs over time were mainly associated with higher odds of compliance with healthy food recommendations, whereas a decrease in negative FPP over time was associated with higher odds of complying with energy-dense/nutrient-poor food recommendations. Improving FPPs could be an effective way to improve children’s dietary intake.

Most of the studies analyzing the effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on children’s health do not contain information on early stages or do not use accurate methods. We investigated the association between PA and body composition using objective methods, perinatal data, lifestyle behaviors, and World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity (PA) recommendations. The CALINA study is a longitudinal observational cohort study of children born in Aragon (Spain) in 2009. A total of 308 7-year-old children (52.3% boys) were assessed. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and accelerometry. Rapid weight gain until 12 months and lifestyle behaviors were considered as covariates both in the ANCOVA and linear regression models. A higher percentage of boys met the WHO PA recommendations compared to girls (69.6% vs. 40.9%, respectively, p &lt, 0.001). There was a negative association between MVPA and subtotal fat and abdominal fat in both girls and boys. After adjusting for perinatal and lifestyle variables, we found that subtotal body fat, abdominal fat, and fat mass index (FMI) were significantly lower in those classified as active. MVPA was associated with body fat both in boys and girls. More research is needed to identify the cutoffs points of MVPA that generate benefit to boys and girls in all body composition components.

e24072 Background: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines efficacy and safety have been tested in phase 3 studies which did not include cancer patients. Information is scarce regarding COVID-19 vaccines safety in this population. Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety profile of the mRNA-1273 vaccine across cancer patients and its relationship to patients’ demographics. This cross sectional study included patients 18-years or older with solid malignancies receiving active treatment in Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain) who had received the three dose schedule of the mRNA9 1273 vaccine. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data between April 19, 2021 and December 31, 2021. Patients with documented previous infection by SARS-Cov-2 were excluded. Results: 93 patients met inclusion criteria. 31 patients (33%) were male and 62 patients (66%) were female. Mean age was 61 [SD 8]. 33% of the study population had metastatic disease. The majority of patients (60%) had ECOG 0 whereas 32% and 8% of the population had ECOG 1 and 2 respectively. Most common tumors were breast (33%) and gastrointestinal (17%). Treatment modalities included chemotherapy (37%), targeted therapy (23%), immunotherapy (12%) and combined therapy (28%). Local adverse effects at the site of injection and systemic adverse reactions had different trends, local adverse reactions were reported more frequently after the first and second dose than after the third (42%, 50% and 36% respectively), while systemic adverse reactions were reported less frequently after the first and second dose than after the third (16%, 35% and 53% respectively). Most common systemic adverse effect was fever followed by malaise and myalgia. No grade 4 or 5 adverse events were reported. We found a statistically significant association between sex and systemic adverse reactions after the third dose with a moderate correlation assessed by Cramer’s V. Cochran-Armitage test showed a statistically significant linear trend, p = 0.012, with higher ECOG score associated with a lower proportion of patients suffering from systemic side effects. A logistic regression showed that females had 5.79 times higher odds to exhibit systemic adverse events after the third dose (p = 0.01) compared to males. Increasing age was associated with a decreased likelihood of exhibiting adverse events (p = 0.016). ECOG scores didn’t show a statistically significant association. Conclusions: mRNA-1273 vaccine shows a tolerable safety profile, which is similar to the non-oncologic population. The likelihood of adverse reactions appears to be associated with gender and age. Its association with ECOG scores is less evident. Further studies are needed to elucidate the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients.

Poor dietary habits established during childhood might persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of developing obesity and obesity-related complications such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It has been found that early modifications in eating habits, especially during childhood, might promote health and decrease the risk of developing diseases during later life. Various studies found a great influence of parental dietary habits on dietary behaviors of their children regardless of demographic characteristics such as gender, age, socioeconomic status and country; however, the exact mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to investigate both parents’ and children’s dietary behaviors, and to provide evidence for the potential influence of parents’ dietary behaviors and practices on certain children’s eating habits. Family meals were found to contribute the most in modeling children’s dietary habits as they represent an important moment of control and interaction between parents and their children. The parental practices that influenced their children most were role modeling and moderate restriction, suggesting that the increase of parental encouragement and decrease of excessive pressure could have a positive impact in their children’s dietary behaviors. This narrative review highlights that parental child-feeding behaviors should receive more attention in research studies as modifiable risk factors, which could help to design future dietary interventions and policies to prevent dietary-related diseases.

Breakfast is an important source of key nutrients in the diet. For this reason, the aim of this review was to investigate the associations between breakfast consumption and daily micronutrients intake in both children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years). A peer-reviewed systematic search was conducted in three datasets (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) in February 2020 in English and Spanish. Two independent reviewers evaluated 3188 studies considering the AXIS critical appraisal and PRISMA methodologies. Meta-analysis was carried out comparing results according to type of breakfast consumed (Ready to eat cereals (RTEC) breakfast or other types of breakfast) and breakfast skipping. Thirty-three articles were included in the systematic review (SR) and 7 in the meta-analysis. In the SR, we observed that those children and adolescents who usually consume RTEC at breakfast had a higher consumption of B-vitamins than those not consuming RTEC at breakfast. Breakfast consumers had a higher mineral intake (iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and iodine) than breakfast skippers. In the Meta-Analysis, RTEC consumers had significantly higher vitamin C intake than breakfast skippers (Standard Mean Difference (SMD), −4.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): −5.09, −3.16). Furthermore, those children who usually consume breakfast had significantly higher daily intake of calcium than breakfast skippers (SMD, −7.03; 95%CI: −9.02, −5.04). Our review proposes that breakfast consumption seems to be associated with higher daily micronutrients intake than breakfast skippers.

Breakfast plays an important role in health because it has been associated with overall health, which includes a high daily nutrient intake and a low risk of chronic diseases. For this reason, we investigated the associations between breakfast consumption and daily energy, macronutrients, and food and beverage consumption. We systematically searched peer-reviewed articles in three datasets (Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane). Two independent reviewers evaluated 3188 studies against the inclusion criteria using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) critical appraisal and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodologies. The meta-analysis was performed by comparing results based on type of breakfast consumed (ready to eat cereal breakfasts or other types of breakfasts). Ultimately, 38 studies were included in the review and 7 of them in the energy and macronutrients intake meta-analysis. In the Systematic Review, breakfast consumers had higher energy intake (EI), fibre intake, and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables and lower consumption of soft drinks than breakfast skippers. In the Meta-Analysis, breakfast consumers had a higher carbohydrates intake (MD, −8.21; 95%CI: −11.37, −5.05) and fibre intake (MD, −8.43; 95%CI: −12.63, −4.23) than breakfast skippers. However, breakfast consumers had a lower fat intake (MD, 4.59; 95%CI: 2.04, 7.15). Our review suggests that breakfast consumption is associated with better macronutrient intake and healthier food and beverage consumption.

U.S.–Mexico border communities are uniquely vulnerable to sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission given the economic and social challenges these communities face. This study examines how marginalized statuses of U.S. border residents are associated with STI awareness and sexual behaviors. We surveyed low-income residents receiving STI testing and/or HIV/AIDS care in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southernmost Texas. Respondents aged 18+ took a self-administered survey available in English or Spanish in a clinic waiting room (N = 282). Approximately 52% of respondents reported being HIV+, and 32% of respondents reported having a prior STI other than HIV. Although most respondents had heard of HPV (72%), awareness of the HPV vaccine was low across all subgroups (28%), including women (

Background: Indentification of actionable or therapy resistance-associated mutations may guide sequential treatments in Hormone Receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) patients with resistance to prior endocrine therapies. Molecular profiling from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is progressively permeating the clinical setting as an alternative or adjunct to tissue biopsies. Digital PCR (dPCR) assays permit the detection of genomic alterations with high sensitivity but are associated with cumbersome workflows and limited genomic coverage. NGS-based cfDNA assays are being increasingly adopted, as they can offer broader coverage while maintaining competitive sensitivity. Methods:Mutation testing was performed on plasma samples obtained from patients with HR+/HER2- ABC who had recurred or progressed after receiving an aromatase inhibitor. Samples were collected at the start of new treatment, during therapy, and at progression. dPCR tests were carried out using QuantStudio3D Digital PCR at the Molecular Oncology Laboratory at Clínico San Carlos Hospital. dPCR targets included PIK3CA E542K, E545K, and H1047R, and ESR1 Y537S and D538G. Samples[CdS1] were also tested with the SafeSEQ Breast Cancer Panel to assess clinically relevant genomic regions across PIK3CA, ESR1, AKT1, TP53, KRAS, and ERBB2. SafeSEQ testing was performed in Sysmex Inostics’ CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited laboratory. Results: Mutational data obtained from both dPCR and SafeSEQ testing were available for concordance analysis in 107 samples from 50 patients for PIK3CA, and 86 samples from 41 patients for ESR1. Combined results showed PIK3CA mutations in 47 samples (43.9%), with H1047R (14%), E545K (11.2%), and E542K (9.3%) being the most frequent mutations detected. ESR1 mutations were present in 35 samples (32.7%), where D538G (19.6%) and Y537S (9.3%) were most commonly observed. Among samples with no mutations detected by dPCR, the expanded coverage of SafeSEQ enabled the detection of clinically relevant mutations in PIK3CA and ESR1 in 10 (9.3%) and 3 (2.8%) samples, respectively. The concordance rates for dPCR and SafeSEQ were 93.1% and 88.9% for PIK3CA and ESR1, with positive percent agreements (PPA) of 93.8% and 84.6%, and negative percent agreements (NPA) of 92.8% and 90.9% for PIK3CA and ESR1, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between MAF levels (Spearman's ρ = 0.87 [95% CI 0.79-0.93], p Citation Format: Jesus Fuentes Antras, Vanesa García-Barberán, Fernando Moreno, Hillary Sloane, Igor López-Cade, Alicia De Luna, Alejandro Pascual, Carmen Ramirez-Ruda, Victor Lorca, Paloma Flores, Pedro Perez-Segura, Alberto Ocaña, Jennifer Preston, Hannah Quinn, Frederick Jones, Jose Angel Garcia-Saenz. Orthogonal assessment of PIK3CA and ESR1 mutation detection in longitudinal cfDNA samples from endocrine-resistant HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer patients using dPCR and NGS-based SafeSEQ technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-18.

Las alteraciones del Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) se caracterizan por deficiencias persistentes en la comunicación e interacción social, además de la existencia de patrones restrictivos y repetitivos de comportamiento, intereses o actividades referencia (American Psychiatric Association, p28, 2014). La familia es el primer agente socializador, en ella nacen las bases de las relaciones sociales y de los vínculos afectivos. Este estudio explora y describe las relaciones familiares establecidas dentro del juego espontáneo, en padres, madres e hijo/a con diagnóstico temprano de TEA. Mediante un diseño de casos múltiples, de carácter cualitativo, exploratorio y no experimental, se estableció un plan de intervención de Terapia Ocupacional el cual se aplicó a tres familias con niño/as con TEA. Para documentar las experiencias, se utilizaron: un diario de campo y la videograbación de las intervenciones, y para determinar la percepción de los padres se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Con la participación de la familia durante el tratamiento de Terapia Ocupacional a través del juego, los resultados confirman que las relaciones entre familia e hijo/a con TEA son medianamente modificadas y en algunos casos sustantivamente modificadas. Concluyéndose que la relación entre familia e hijo/a con TEA podrían verse modificadas, mediante el juego como ocupación principal, a través de la intervención de Terapia Ocupacional. Observándose además nuevas habilidades de interacción tanto en familias como en niños.

Introduction: Dietary habits are established from a very young age. Parental role modeling is an important factor influencing the eating behavior of their children. Drinking behavior may have an impact in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to explore the correlations of core drinking beverages between parents and their children.Materials and Methods: The present study included children of 3.5–5.5 years and their parents from the (Multifactorial evidence-based approach using behavioral models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood) ToyBox study. The study was a kindergarten-based family-involved intervention, in preschool children from six European countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain. For this study, we analyzed data from the baseline cross-sectional survey.Data on consumption frequency of water, homemade or fresh fruit juice, prepacked fruit juice, light beverages and sugared sweetened beverages consumption from parents and their children was obtained via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Parents were given examples of serving sizes and asked about how to self-report their usual consumption per day or week. Beverage consumption of children was reported by their parents and information about frequency and portion sizes was collected. Body weight and height of children was measured and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Bivariate correlations were performed to analyze beverage consumption (servings per day) in children and their parents.Results: The studied sample included 5266 pairs of children (49.2% girls) and parents (91.7% women) that were included in the analysis.Girls presented higher correlations in water (r2 = 0,317) and sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,302), whereas boys, presented slightly higher correlations of light soft drinks (r2 = 0,273), pure fruit juices (r2 = 0,308) and prepacked fruit juices (r2 = 0,324), all of them at < 0.01 level of significance. Considering boys and girls together, a slightly higher significant correlation coefficients were found between children-parents’ dyads with overweight/obesity compared to normal weight children-parentś for sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,303) and light soft drinks (r2 = 0,396).Discussion: Beverage consumption of children and their parents were found to be moderately correlated. Overweight children seem to have better correlations with their parents in relation of sugar sweetened beverages and light soft drinks. Parents should encourage a healthy beverage consumption for their own health and most important, because there are key role models to their children.

IntroductionBreakfast (BF) is widely recognized as an important component of a healthy lifestyle and represents an important source of key nutrients in the diet for both adults and children. Furthermore, BF consumption seems to be associated with a better intake of vitamins and minerals in both, children and adolescents.The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between frequency and characteristics of BF consumption and its relation with micronutrients intake.Material and MethodsAn exhaustive search was carried out in three datasets in March 2019. The search strategy used to identify the articles was as follow: breakfast, food beverages appetite regulation, child nutritional physiological phenomena, diet, digestion, eating, feeding behavior, gastrointestinal absorption, hunger, nutritional requirements, nutritional status, nutritive value, breakfast skipping, meal skipping, fasting, food preferences, diet therapy, child, preschool, adolescent, breakfast skipping and meal skipping. Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed their quality and risk of bias following the PRISMA methodology and using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed comparing results based on type of BF: skip BF, Ready To Eat Cereal (RTEC) BF and other types of BF. DerSimonian and Laird estimators using random effects models were applied for continuous data. Effect sizes were calculated for each outcome.ResultsOut of 3105 articles, we selected 30 full-text articles for inclusion and 7 were considered for meta-analysis.. Children who usually skip BF had significantly lower daily intake of vitamin A (SMD, -10.407; 95%CI: -14.147, -6.667) and vitamin C (SMD, -4.127; 95%CI: -5.091, -3.162) than BF consumers. The intake of vitamin B1 (SMD, -16.378; 95%CI: -29.110, -3.647) and vitamin B2 [SMD, -14.757; 95%CI: -20.247, -9.268] was lower in skippers than RTEC BF consumers.Regarding to minerals, children who usually consume BF had significantly higher daily consumption of Calcium (SMD, -7.034; 95%CI: -9.029, -5.040), Iron (SMD, -6.552; 95%CI: -9.242, -3.861) and Sodium (SMD, -3.395; 95%CI: -5.554, -1.236) than BF skippers. The intake of Magnesium (SMD, -10.903; 95%CI: -18.078, -3.729) and Potassium (SMD, -6.972; 95%CI: -10.689, -3.254) was higher in RTEC BF consumers than BF skippers.DiscussionEvidence suggested that BF consumption and RTEC breakfast consumption seems to be associated with better micronutrient intake

We aimed to study growth patterns according to rapid weight gain (RWG) and infant feeding practices during the first 120 days and whether infant feeding practices mediated the association between RWG in the first semester of life and subsequent body mass index (BMI) z-score in children from age 1 to 6. (1) Methods: 862 children from the Growth and Feeding during Lactation and Early Childhood in Children of Aragon study (CALINA in Spanish) were examined. Repeated-measures ANOVA analyses were conducted to assess growth trajectories according to RWG and type of feeding practice. The product of coefficients mediation method was used to assess the potential contribution of infant feeding practices to the association between RWG and BMI z-score. Mediation models were conducted using IBM SPSS-PROCESS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. (2) Results: BMI and weight z-score trajectories were significantly higher in the RWG group and the formula-fed group. No significant differences were found regarding height. Infant feeding practices did not mediate the association between RWG and BMI z-score but were associated with BMI at 6 years. (3) Conclusions: Infant feeding practices and RWG determine different growth trajectories of BMI and weight during childhood. Although infant feeding practices did not mediate the association between early RWG and BMI later in life, formula feeding is independently related to higher BMI growth patterns later in childhood.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is rising in all countries. Dietary habits are modifiable factors which develop early in life. During growth, several factors, such as peer- influence and food availability, determine the development of food preferences and eating behaviour. Parents play also a key role model by influencing their own food intake.Objetives: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of parental role modelling, as predictor of fruits and vegetables intake in European pre-schoolers.Methods: The present study included a sample of 6633 preschool children (51.9% boys) from six European centres (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain), 3.5 to 5.5 years of age, participating in the ToyBox-study. Data on parental role modelling related with their own fruits and vegetables intake (portions/day) and children's fruits and vegetables intake (portions/day) were collected via standardized proxy-administered questionnaires. Linear regression model was used to assess this association. The adjusted model included socioeconomic status and weight status.Results: In the unadjusted model, boys whose parents consumed fruits, showed a mean intake of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.08–0.11; p ≤ 0.001) portions of fruits more than the boys whose parents did not consume fruits. Also, girls whose parents consumed fruits, had intake of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08–0.12; p ≤ 0.001) portions of fruits more than the girls whose parents did not consume fruits.Moreover, boys whose parents consumed vegetables, showed a mean intake of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.07–0.11; p ≤ 0.001) portions of vegetables more than the boys whose parents did not consume vegetables. Also, girls whose parents consumed fruits, had intake of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.09–0.13; p ≤ 0.001) portions of vegetables more than the girls whose parents did not consume vegetables.Finally, parental role related with fruits consumption explained 19.3% of fruits intake in European pre-schoolers and the 17.8% of vegetables intake in boys and 21.9% of vegetable intake in girls taking into consideration the potential effect of socioeconomic status of the family and the weight status of the children.Conclusions: Parental role model of fruit intake has moderate effect on the pre-schooler's dietary intake. However, home environment characteristics such as family rules or availability and accessibility of foods should be considered as potential factors related to food intake in pre-schoolers.

IntroductionEvidence suggests that the time spent in different types of sedentary behaviours (e.g. TV watching, use of video games) may be more important in predicting childhood obesity as compared with overall sedentary time (ST). Sedentary time has been associated with unhealthy food and beverage consumption at young ages. The aims of this study were: to examine the association between different beverages consumption and sedentary behaviours and to evaluate the association between the total dietary quality index (DQI) and the adherence to the ST recommendations, in a sample of Spanish children.MethodologyThe study included a cohort of 381 children (40.7 % boys) aged 7 years, from the Growth and Feeding during Infancy and Early Childhood in Aragon (CALINA) longitudinal study, living in Zaragoza. Data on dietary habits and screen time (watching TV/DVD/videos and playing PC/video games) were parental-reported. ST was categorized based on the recommendations (≤ 2hour/day and > 2hour/day). The DQI was computed from a validated semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models, adjusted for maternal education and body mass index, were analysed.ResultsIn boys, exceeding the total ST's recommendations (> 2 h/day) was positively associated with high consumption of soft drinks (β = 0.13; CI: 0.02;0.26) while in girls, exceeding the recommendations was positively associated with light drinks (soft drinks with artificial sweeteners) consumption (β = 0.06; CI: 0.02;0.13). Only individual PC/videogames time was associated with beverage consumption. In both gender, excessive PC/video games time (> 2h/day) was associated with high soft drinks consumption (β = 0.51; CI: 0.25; 0.77, β = 1.07; CI: 0.79; 1.35, respectively). Only in girls, there was a positive association between PC/ video games time and light drinks (soft drinks with artificial sweeteners) consumption (β = 0.21; CI: 0.02; 0.41). Regarding the DQI, only boys showed a negative associations between total ST and the DQI (β = -5.91; CI -2.56; -2.56), this means, that those boys that exceeded the total ST's recommendations (> 2 h/day) had a poor total quality diet.DiscussionIn children, ST was associated with beverages (soft drinks and light drinks) consumption and a poor total diet quality. Soft drinks with artificial sweeteners (light drinks) were chosen mostly by girl´s, whereas, boys preferred regular sugar sweetened soft drinks consumption.

Background Preschool children spend a significant proportion of their waking hours being sedentary. Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children’s lifestyle behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. This study aims to assess parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of their preschool children’s sedentary behaviours and the association with children’s television (TV)/video/DVDs viewing and total screen time. Methods Data were obtained from a sample of 4836 children (3.5–5.5 years), participating in the multi-centre ToyBox-study at baseline (T0) and at 1-year follow-up (T1) periods. Data on children’s sedentary behaviours were collected via a standardized proxy-administered primary caregiver’s questionnaire. Results Regarding total screen time, 66.6% of the children at T0 and 71.8% at T1 in the control group exceeded the recommendations, whereas the proportion in the intervention group varied from 69.7% at T0 to 72.5% at T1. The odds of exceeding total screen time recommendations were significantly higher when parental perceptions towards limiting the total screen time were negative [(both T0 and T1 and in the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05)]. Similarly, the odds of exceeding TV/video/DVDs viewing recommendations were significantly higher (both T0 and T1 is observed in both groups) when parental knowledge of recommendation were absent. Conclusions Preschool children whose caregivers stated rules limiting their sedentary screen time were less likely to spend a high amount of time watching TV/video/DVDs. Interventions to increase parental practices may be a promising approach to decrease total screen time of preschool children but studies are needed to confirm this.

This study examines how social support and perceived discrimination influence depressive symptoms of sexual minorities (including, lesbian, gay, bisexual-identifying individuals, and others with same-sex sexual partners) relative to heterosexual peers, while considering the role of HIV-positive status. We surveyed low-income, predominantly Hispanic/Latino/as residents receiving STI-testing and/or HIV/AIDS care in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southernmost Texas. Respondents aged 18+ took a self-administered survey in English or Spanish in a clinic waiting room (N= 273). Based on OLS regression, HIV-positive status (OLS coefficient = 2.54, p< .01) and social support (OLS coefficient = -0.17, p< .001) were significant predictors of depressive symptoms among sexual minorities, but not those who identified as heterosexual. Perceived discrimination was uniquely associated with increased depressive symptoms among sexual minorities (interaction coefficient = 0.21, p< .05). Clinicians treating sexual minority patients for depression should consider developing and applying resources tailored to individuals' level of social support and ongoing experiences of social discrimination.

Most studies in alpaca reproductive biology have been focused on female physiology. Only recent research is being conducted in order to increase the knowledge on males. Semen characteristics during breeding periods will contribute to understanding the poor fertility rates in alpaca. Ten adult male alpacas were distributed randomly into two groups and submitted alternatively to two regimens of semen collection of 12 days duration (day 1, initial day of semen collection). Semen samples were collected using an artificial vagina and a receptive, non-pregnant female. With regimen 1, males were maintained with females except for the days of sexual rest (6 and 7). Semen was collected on days 1, 5, 8 and 12. With regimen 2, males were exposed to females for daily semen collection only, before and after sexual rest. Mating duration, color and volume of ejaculates, spermatozoa concentration and morphology were evaluated. No statistical differences for the variables were found between regimens that were used for semen collection. With respect to influence of day, however, the total numbers of spermatozoa ejaculated on days 1 and 5 of semen collection were statistically different (p0.05). Azoospermic samples increased on days 5 and 12 of semen collection. Partial recovery in spermatozoa concentration and number of spermatozoa ejaculated were observed after sexual rest. Although normal spermatozoa percentage was less on day 1 (p0.05) as compared with values found in the following ejaculates (days 5 and 12), the total number of normal spermatozoa was greater. These results support the conclusion that when male alpaca have a daily ejaculation during five consecutive days, they might copulate without having enough spermatozoa for fertilization towards the end of the mating period.

En la actualidad, una actividad que realizan las empresas altamente comprometidas con el desarrollo de sus empleados es la práctica del “Empleado del mes”. En esta investigación se eligió una organización mexicana que tuviera dentro de su organización la práctica del “Empleado del mes”, con el fin de conocer si ésta es una actividad motivadora, o por lo contrario, un programa disfrazado que pretende en el fondo ejercer control sobre los empleados.