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Faradaic deionization (FDI) is an emerging and promising electrochemical technology for stable and efficient water desalination. Battery-type energy storage materials applied in FDI have demonstrated to achieve higher salt removal capacities than carbon-based conventional capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. However, most of the reported FDI systems are based on inorganic intercalation compounds that lack cost, safety and sustainability benefits, thereby curtailing the development of a feasible FDI cell. In this work, we introduce an all-polymer rocking chair practical FDI cell, with a symmetric system composed by a redox-active naphthalene-polyimide (named as PNDIE) buckypaper organic electrodes. First, electrochemical performance of PNDIE in 0.05 M NaCl under open-air conditions is evaluated in both three-electrode half- and symmetric FDI full-cell using typical lab-scale electrode dimensions (1.6 mgPNDIE; 0.78 cm2), revealing promising specific capacity (115 mAh g-1) and excellent cycle stability for full-cell experiments (77 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles). Then, all-polymer rocking chair FDI flow cell was constructed with practical PNDIE electrodes (92.2 mgPNDIE; 9.6 cm2) that delivered large desalination capacity (155.4 mg g-1 at 0.01 A g-1) and high salt removal rate and productivity (3.42 mg g-1 min-1 at 0.04 A g-1 and 62 L h-1 m-2, respectively). In addition, long-term stability (23 days) experiments revealed salt adsorption capacity (SAC) retention values over 95% after 100 cycles. The overall electrochemical and deionization performances of the reported technology is far superior than the state-of-the-art CDI and FDI techniques, making it a competitive choice for robust and sustainable “water-energy” electrochemical applications.

Propósito de la revisión: ante la necesidad de realizar una facoemulsificación, una cirugía filtrante o la combinación de ambas, pueden plantearse dudas sobre la conveniencia de mantener determinados fármacos antiglaucomatosos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es unificar criterios que puedan orientar la práctica clínica diaria y que permitan desarrollar algoritmos de actuación en el preoperatorio y el postoperatorio de la cirugía filtrante o de catarata. Protocolos propuestos: en el preoperatorio de la cirugía de catarata, el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos queda a criterio del cirujano, recomendándose el formato de monodosis. Se plantea la suspensión de las prostaglandinas unos días antes de la cirugía. Los fármacos sin conservantes favorecen la mejor recuperación de la superficie ocular (SO) tras la cirugía de catarata. Una vez eliminados todos los aspectos modificadores de la presión intraocular (PIO), se debe reevaluar la PIO basal, prefiriendo los fármacos hipotensores sin conservantes, en caso de necesitarlos. La utilización de hipotensores oculares y corticoides libres de conservantes en el preoperatorio de la cirugía de glaucoma reduce el riesgo de fracaso quirúrgico. Se recomienda interrumpir las prostaglandinas. En el postoperatorio de la cirugía de glaucoma los corticoides constituyen el tratamiento antiinflamatorio de elección, siendo preferibles aquellos libres de conservantes. Al reintroducir un tratamiento antiglaucomatoso, se deben evitar los conservantes para no potenciar la cicatrización. Conclusiones: el presente protocolo de consenso persigue la unificación de las pautas de actuación con el fin de disminuir la incidencia de acontecimientos adversos y maximizar el resultado quirúrgico., Review's aim: When a phacoemulsification, a filtration surgery or a combined surgery are necessary, questions about the convenience of continuing certain antiglaucomatous drugs could appear. The aim of this review article is to unify criteria that will guide daily clinical practice and including the developing algorithms of action in the preoperative and postoperative periods of filtration surgery and/or cataract surgery. Proposed protocols: In the preoperative period of cataract surgery, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is at the discretion of the surgeon, with the monodose presentation being recommended. The suspension of prostaglandines a fewdays before the surgery should be considered. Preservative-free drugs ensure a better recovery of the ocular surface (OS) after cataract surgery. Once all modifying factors of the intraocular pressure (IOP) have been removed, baseline IOP should be evaluated again, choosing preservative-free antiglaucomatous drugs when needed. The use of preservative-free ocular antihypertensive drugs and steroids in the preoperative period of glaucoma surgery reduces the risk of surgical failure. The interruption of prostaglandines is recommended. In the postoperative period of glaucoma surgery, steroids are the anti-inflammatory treatment of choice, the preservative-free ones being preferred. When reintroducing antiglaucomatous treatment, preservatives should be avoided to prevent scarring. The appropriate perioperative management of patients with glaucoma is essential to obtain a correct control of IOP, improve the situation of the OS, prevent complications and improve the result of the filtration surgery and cataract surgery. Conclusions: this protocol aims to unify the different lines of action in order to decrease the incidence of adverse events and maximize the surgical outcome., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Today’s society relies on energy storage on a day-to-day basis, e.g. match energy production and demand from renewable sources, power a variety of electronics, and enable emerging technologies. As a result, a vast range of energy storage technologies has emerged in the last decades. Among them, rechargeable Zn–Air batteries have held great promises for a long time. However, the severe challenges related to the reversible O2 reactions and poor cyclability at the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, have severely hindered the success of this technology. Herein, electrically-conducting and semi-flowable Zn semi-solid electrodes are proposed to revive the appealing concept of a mechanically–rechargeable alkaline Zn–Air battery, in which the spent negative electrodes are easily substituted at the end of the discharge process (refillable primary battery). In this proof-of-concept study energy densities of ca. 1500 Wh L− 1 (1350 Ah L− 1 electrode and utilization rate of 85%) are achieved thanks to the compromised flowability of the proposed Zn semi-solid electrodes. In this way, semi-solid Zn electrodes become a type of green energy carrier having intrinsic advantages over gas and liquid fuels. Zn semi-flowable electrode can be generated elsewhere using renewable sources, easily stored, transported, and used to produce electricity., The project leading to these results has received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation, under agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007” and the Spanish Government through the Research Challenges Programme (Grant RTI2018-099228-A-I00). E.V. thanks the MINECO for the financial support (RYC2018-026086-I).

Demand of lithium is expected to increase drastically in coming years driven by the market penetration of electric vehicles powered by Li-ion batteries, which will require faster and more efficient Li extraction technologies than conventional ones (evaporation in brines). The Electrochemical Ion Pumping Cell (EIPC) technology based on the use of Faradaic materials is one of the most promising approaches. However, its relatively short lifespan prevents its commercial deployment. Herein, a new EIPC concept based on the use of semi-solid electrodes is proposed for the first time, which takes advantage of the rheological characteristics of semi-solid electrodes that enable simple and cheap regeneration of the Regenerative Electrochemical Ion Pumping Cell (REIPC) systems after reaching its end-of-life. A proof-of-concept for REIPC is accomplished by simple replacement of the semi-solid electrode demonstrating a remarkable electrochemical performance (e.g. 99.87%cycle− 1 , 99.98%h− 1 , 3–4 mAh cm− 2 ) along with a competitive ion separation (e.g. 16.2 mgLi⋅gNiHCF− 1 , 4 gLi m− 2 and 15.6 Wh⋅mol− 1 ). The use of semisolid electrode offers other unique features such as a significant cost reduction of 95% for every regeneration regarding conventional EIPC, proving that REIPC concept successfully addresses the issues associated to the sustainability and recyclability of the conventional EIPC's for lithium capturing., J.J. Lado acknowledges Comunidad de Madrid for the postdoctoral fellowship as part of the Young Talent Attraction Program (2020-T1/ AMB-19799). E. Ventosa acknowledges the financial support by the Spanish Government through the Research Challenges Programme (Grant RTI2018- 099228-A-I00), Ramon y Cajal Programme (RYC2018-026086-I) as well as “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/PR/PR18/51130007).