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Resumen: El objetivo principal de este TFG es desarrollar un modelo simulable en HDL de procesadores con ISA RISC-V. Para ello, se utilizará el lenguaje VHDL para modelar varias arquitecturas RISC-V libres de royalties, incluyendo las arquitecturas RISCV32I, RISCV32C y RISCV64I. La implementación de estas arquitecturas se llevará a cabo en un entorno de simulación para asegurarse de que su funcionamiento es correcto y cumple con los estándares de RISC-V. En primer lugar, se modelarán las arquitecturas que tienen un pipeline de 5 etapas (fetch-decode-execute-memory-writeback). Se utilizarán test-benches para realizar pruebas y validaciones y asegurarse de que cada etapa del pipeline funciona correctamente. Una vez verificadas todas las etapas, se unirán para formar el pipeline completo y verificar su funcionamiento global. Posteriormente, se elaborarán programas en código C para probar el rendimiento de las arquitecturas. Estos programas serán compilados cruzadamente desde un entorno Windows 10 para las arquitecturas RISC-V utilizando una toolchain, y se procesarán los archivos compilados para generar unas memorias simulables. Estas memorias simulables se utilizarán para ejecutar los programas escritos en lenguaje de alto nivel y comprobar su correcto funcionamiento en las arquitecturas RISC-V. En resumen, este TFG tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo simulable en HDL de procesadores con ISA RISC-V utilizando el lenguaje VHDL. Se verificará el correcto funcionamiento de las arquitecturas mediante la implementación y validación del pipeline de 5 etapas y la elaboración de programas en código C para evaluar su rendimiento. Con este trabajo se espera contribuir al desarrollo de procesadores RISC-V de código abierto y promover su adopción en la industria. Abstract: The main objective of this BSc Thesis is to develop able-to-be simulated HDL model of processors with RISC-V ISA. To achieve this goal, the VHDL language will be used to model various royalty-free RISC-V

In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.

In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.

In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.

[EN] This report is intended to illustrate the work of group 15 on improving the STEPMOVER. The 3-wheel bike is currently in the 6th generation. The transcript will show the reader the individual steps we made during this project. Beginning with the introduction of STEPMOVER by its inventor Palle R. Jensen up to building a prototype of the chosen idea. We will exemplify our way to develop a folding mechanism to fold and unfold the STEPMOVER as quick as possible that is easy to use as well.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of the archaeological intervention and subsequent research work carried out in the Al-Kanz cave, located in the municipality of Espiel (Córdoba), thanks to the cooperation between archaelogy and speleology. The location and subsequent study of various pottery items dated in Caliphal times, as well as a Prehistoric panel of schematic art, allows us to suggest hypotheses about the possible uses of this space and, ultimately, to contribute to a better knowledge of the historical and archaeological context of the north of the province, Con esta contribución, fruto de la colaboración entre espeleología y arqueología, pretendemos dar a conocer los resultados de la intervención arqueológica y posteriores labores de investigación desarrollados en la Cueva de Al-Kanz, situada en el término municipal de Espiel (Córdoba). La localización y estudio de diversos materiales cerámicos en su interior, fechados en época califal, así como de un panel de arte esquemático rupestre, permiten sugerir hipótesis sobre los posibles usos de este espacio y, en definitiva, contribuyen a un mejor conocimiento del contexto histórico-arqueológico del norte de la provincia.