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AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study is conducted to find the association of BMP2 (bone morphogenic protein 2) gene variant rs1005464 and rs15705 with skeletal class I crowding cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 60 subjects who visited the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, were taken after written informed consent. These were divided into two groups: group A with 30 subjects having skeletal class I bases with crowding and group B with 30 subjects having skeletal class I bases without visible crowding or spacing (±2 mm). Around 2 mL of venous blood sample was procured from cases and controls after careful examination. All the samples were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. BMP2 rs1005464 and rs15705 gene variants were assessed and Z-Test was used for statistical analysis. RESULT GG (p = 0.001) and CC (p = 0.0024) genotype of BMP2 gene variant rs1005464 and rs15705, respectively, are significantly associated with skeletal class I crowding cases. CONCLUSION This study concludes that BMP2 variants rs1005464 and rs15705 can be used as genetic markers for skeletal class I bases having crowding. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Predisposing genetic markers BMP2 can be identified prior and this would help in predicting the probability of potential crowding in the future and this would help in early prevention and intervention of crowding.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the surface roughness and shear bond characteristics of pol-ether-ether-ketone after different surface treatments. Setting and Design: An in vitro, prospective. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were milled and subjected to following surface treatments: 110 μm alumina particles, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and 10–20 μm synthetic diamond particles. Surface characteristics of treated sample were studied under SEM with ×500 and ×1000 magnification. Shear bond strength (SBS) with composite resin discs embedded in acrylic blocks after luting with self-etch resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron®, Massachusetts U. S. A). Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected were evaluated using the Analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference post hoc test. Results: Highest SBS and SR were noted with self-etch resin cement in the given order: 98% sulfuric acid (2.106 ± 0.186 μm), followed by alumina particles (1.706 ± 0.160 μm) and synthetic diamond particles (1.101 ± 0.167 μm). Conclusion: The SBS of self-etch resin cement was higher compared to RMGIC for all three surface treatments done on test samples. Hundred percent samples treated by all three surface treatment methods showed mixed type of failure.

Objectives: To carry out a comparative evaluation of dimensional stability and flexural strength of different light cured tray materials with self-cured tray material as control.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in four groups based on the different available tray materials. Group A (n=30) – light cured resin (Individo Lux-VOCO™ GmbH Germany); Group B (n=30)- light cured resin (Profibase-VOCO™ GmbH Germany); Group C (n=30)- light cured resin (Plaque Photo-Willmann and Pein™ GmbH Germany); Group D (n=30)- control group-self cured resin (Asian special instant tray material Asian Acrylates™, Mumbai, India). A digital micro-meter was used to measure the length of each specimen first at 1 hour, 24 hour and 48 hour and three readings were taken up to 0.001 decimal. The values for flexural strength of each specimen were measured using the 3-point bending technique with the help of a universal testing machine. The mean values of dimensional stability and flexural strength were calculated by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple group`s comparison.Results The mean change in length (in mm) of light cured resins samples were significantly lower than self-cured resin samples at all three time intervals. The flexural strength values of light cured resin samples-Group A (84.46±13.32 N/mm2), B (83.43±14.52 N/mm2) and C (86.80±14.73 N/mm2) was significantly higher than the self-cured resin samples group D (41.29±7.93 N/mm2)Conclusions: Light cured tray materials are more dimensionally stable and have a higher flexural strength compared to self-cured tray materials.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal development of two or more embryonic ectodermal structures such as skin, nails, teeth, hair, eyes, and sweat glands. The main oral manifestations of ED include oligodontia, malformed teeth and, deficient alveolar ridges. Inheritance of ED is X-linked and expressed typically in males. This case report explains a multidisciplinary treatment of a 16-year-old adolescent suffering from ED with underdeveloped premaxilla, underdeveloped alveolar ridges, retained deciduous teeth, and thick fibrous frenal attachment. Prosthetics rehabilitation was done using removable cast partial dentures with lip support. It also enumerates the important role of a multidisciplinary approach in dental treatment, helping the patient’s healthy transition from childhood to adulthood. Dental professionals should be able to identify the oral features of ED and provide proper oral care (as early as 3–4 years) to restore the oral functional demands and esthetics.

AIMS To assess the staining efficacy of the innovative "Pravara" stain on ground sections of human teeth under a stereomicroscope. In this study, the ground sections were stained with the innovative stain. The stain is obtained from a leafless tree called Terminalia chebula. Terminalia chebula, commonly known as Harad, is found in South Asia from India. Few species are found in the Pravara region of Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 extracted teeth were collected and ground sections of each tooth were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: group I-control (without stain), group II-study group (the samples in this group were stained with the help of innovative "Pravara" stain). The sections were graded from I to III according to the differentiation and contrast of tissues. RESULTS The ground sections in group II stained with Pravara stain demonstrated better contrast for structures within sections under a microscope in comparison with group I (control group). CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the efficacy of a new innovative Pravara stain, which is a simple, economical, quick, and effective staining method for the ground sections of the teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This innovative Pravara stain is cost-effective, saves time, ecofriendly, and highlights the anatomical structures more effectively and does not fade easily with time.

Aim Variation in the surface roughness of archwires not only leads to more accumulation of plaque but also modifies the coefficient of friction. This necessitated for the present study to evaluate the surface characteristics of 0.016 × 0.022-inch nickel-titanium, beta-titanium, and copper-nickel-titanium archwires, before and after their use in the oral cavity using atomic force microscopy. Materials and methods The control and experimental samples were measured at three different positions under atomic force microscopy. The surface roughness was measured using roughness average, root mean square, and maximum height before and after use in the oral cavity among 60 adult participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t tests using the Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS) v.20.0. Results The surface roughness of archwires increased considerably after their clinical use compared to controls for nickel-titanium (p = 0.013) and beta-titanium (p = 0.002). A similar trend was noticed for root mean square where nickel-titanium (p = 0.014) and beta-titanium (p = 0.013) had increased root mean square. Maximum height was also noticed in nickel-titanium (p = 0.031) and beta-titanium (p = 0.016). Conclusion Surface roughness and the level of friction of the orthodontic wires increase significantly for nickel-titanium and beta-titanium after the clinical use. There is a difference in increase of surface roughness of the archwire within and between the bracket slots. Clinical significance Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential.

The sagittal condylar guidance angle (SCCA) is calculated by the condyle and articular disc traversing the contour of the glenoid fossa and the articular eminence. The condylar path is controlled by the shape of the fossa, the attachments of the ligaments, the biting load during movement (muscular influence), and the amount of protrusion. The SCGA on an articulator is determined using protrusive records of the patient. Intraoral registrations may compromise accuracy because of dimensional instability of registration materials and it becomes difficult for the dentist to select an appropriate material. The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has recently become much more common, and when measuring the SCGA using CBCT, more reliable results can be expected. This study was designed to compare the SCGA obtained using CBCT and protrusive interocclusal record made using polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax. Thirty dentulous subjects were selected. SCGA was calculated using CBCT scans for each subject. Intraoral protrusive records were made using polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax bite registration materials at 6mm of protrusion. Records were used to program the articulator and variation in the SCCA was noted. No significant difference was observed between right and left mean values of SCGA in CBCT, polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax. Positive correlation was found between all the three groups; however, significant difference was found in the mean values of SCGA between CBCT and polyvinyl siloxane, CBCT and aluwax (P=0.0001). No significant difference was found in the mean values of SCGA between polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax (P=0.9254). CBCT gave higher mean SCGA values than those obtained using polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax on semi-adjustable articulator in dentulous subjects; whereas mean SCGA values were comparable between polyvinyl siloxane and aluwax. The right and left SCGA values were comparable in each method.

Background: Recently, the caries management had shifted from extension for prevention to early detection and remineralization of remaining tooth structure using noninvasive techniques. Aim: The present trial was carried out to assess the effect of adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate as a surfactant to ceramic on remineralization of dentin. Materials and Methods: The 32 teeth were divided into the following four groups randomly (n = 8 each group) – Group I: cavities not restored, Group II: Restored with ceramic, Group III: restored with ceramic and 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group IV: restored with ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Knoop indenter microhardness tests were done at 10, 20, and 40 days. The surface was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated. Results: In ceramic restored (Group II), an increase in Knoop microhardness (KHN) values was seen at 10-, 20-, and 40-day assessment with the respective values of 102.2 ± 20.3, 118.7 ± 19.4, and 127 ± 15.1. Similarly, a constant increase at different assessments was observed for Groups III and IV with 2% and 5% of mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate with ceramic with a 40-day KHN value of 128.2 ± 21.4 for Group III and 113.5 ± 17.3 for Group IV. A statistically significant difference was seen between ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate (Group IV) with hardness values of 30.31%, 29.8%, and 21.78% for Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, at 20 days. Conclusion: The present study concludes that ceramic restorations are effective in promoting dentin remineralization. However, the addition of only 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate was beneficial, whereas 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceramic on dentin remineralization.

To assess the staining efficacy of the innovative "Pravara" stain on ground sections of human teeth under a stereomicroscope. In this study, the ground sections were stained with the innovative stain. The stain is obtained from a leafless tree calledA total of 40 extracted teeth were collected and ground sections of each tooth were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: group I-control (without stain), group II-study group (the samples in this group were stained with the help of innovative "Pravara" stain). The sections were graded from I to III according to the differentiation and contrast of tissues.The ground sections in group II stained with Pravara stain demonstrated better contrast for structures within sections under a microscope in comparison with group I (control group).The study demonstrates the efficacy of a new innovative Pravara stain, which is a simple, economical, quick, and effective staining method for the ground sections of the teeth.This innovative Pravara stain is cost-effective, saves time, ecofriendly, and highlights the anatomical structures more effectively and does not fade easily with time.

Variation in the surface roughness of archwires not only leads to more accumulation of plaque but also modifies the coefficient of friction. This necessitated for the present study to evaluate the surface characteristics of 0.016 × 0.022-inch nickel-titanium, beta-titanium, and copper-nickel-titanium archwires, before and after their use in the oral cavity using atomic force microscopy.The control and experimental samples were measured at three different positions under atomic force microscopy. The surface roughness was measured using roughness average, root mean square, and maximum height before and after use in the oral cavity among 60 adult participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student'sThe surface roughness of archwires increased considerably after their clinical use compared to controls for nickel-titanium (Surface roughness and the level of friction of the orthodontic wires increase significantly for nickel-titanium and beta-titanium after the clinical use. There is a difference in increase of surface roughness of the archwire within and between the bracket slots.Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential.

Purpose: In this in vitro study, we evaluate the effect of delmopinol application on Candida albicans adherence on heat-cured acrylic resin and cold-cured acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens of every sort of acrylic resin were made, 20 specimens of each type were control group, 20 specimens were contaminated before delmopinol application, and 20 specimens were contaminated after delmopinol application. Each specimen in each tube was individually transferred to a spectrophotometer at 530 nm wavelength to measure the turbidity degree through the transmittance. Aliquots of 10 μl of every tube were then collected and inoculated into agar Sabouraud plates containing 500 mmol/l of sucrose, which was incubated for 24 h at 37°C, so as to see the microbial growth. Two-way ANOVA analysis of variance test and post hoc Turkey's test were carried out to ascertain the level of significance (P Conclusion: In case of contamination after delmopinol application, heat-cured acrylic resin showed a greater reduction in the adherence of C. albicans in this study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the micro tensile bond strength of two metal bonding resin cements to sandblasted cobalt chromium alloy.Eight, Cobalt chromium alloy blocks of dimensions 10x5x5 mm were cast, finished and polished. One of the faces of each alloy block measuring 5x5mm was sandblasted with 50 μm grit alumina particles. The alloy blocks were then cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner for 1 min and then air dried with an air stream. The Sandblasted surfaces of the two alloy blocks were bonded together with 2 different metal bonding resin systems (Panavia F Kuraray and DTK Kleber - Bredent). The samples were divided into 2 groups (n=4). Group 1- Two Co-Cr blocks were luted with Panavia cement. Group 2- Two Co-Cr blocks were luted with DTK Kleber-Bredent cement. The bonded samples were cut with a diamond saw to prepare Microtensile bars of approximately 1mm x 1mm x 6mm. Thirty bars from each group were randomly separated into 2 subgroups (n=15) and left for 3hrs (baseline) as per manufacturer's instructions while the other group was aged for 24hrs in 370C water, prior to loading to failure under tension at a cross head speed of 1mm/min. Failure modes were determined by means of stereomicroscopy (sm). Statistical analysis was performed through one way - ANOVA.Significant variation in micro-tensile bond strength was observed between the two metal bonding resin systems.DTK showed higher mean bond strength values than Panavia F cement both at baseline and after aging. How to cite this article: Musani S, Musani I, Dugal R, Habbu N, Madanshetty P, Virani D. An in vitro Comparative Evaluation of Micro Tensile Bond Strength of Two metal bonding Resin Cements bonded to Cobalt Chromium alloy. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(5):73-8.

The optical behavior of the final restoration is determined by the color of the underlying tooth structure, the color of the luting agent, and the thickness and opacity of the ceramic material used. This article reports a case in which veneers and full crowns made of heat-pressed, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were used for the esthetic rehabilitation of anterior discolored teeth. The patient was referred for treatment with defective anterior composite resin restorations, darkening of the gingival margins, and uneven gingival contours. The multidisciplinary treatment plan included dental bleaching, periodontal plastic surgery to create gingival symmetry, and indirect all-ceramic restorations using translucency lithium disilicate glass-ceramic ingots to achieve an excellent esthetic result.

Objective: Recent studies have shown relationship between poor oral health in pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes. So it was decided to assess the knowledge of interns who will be the future practitioners regarding management of dental needs of pregnant patients. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 380 interns from eight dental colleges in Karnataka. Questionnaire comprised of 25 knowledge based questions and five questions regarding their training, number of pregnant patients treated by them and their confidence level in dental management of pregnant patient. Excel spread sheet was used for mathematical calculations. Results: More than 80% of the interns had knowledge about usage of NSAIDS (92%) antibiotics (82%) and local anesthetic (80%). Conversely many did not know about the FDA category of drugs to be used (80%) and safety of dental radiographs (89%) in pregnant patients. Results also showed lack of confidence in interns to provide dental care to pregnant patients. Conclusion: There is definitive need to improve the knowledge and thus the confidence levels of the interns.