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Byline: Dinesh. Saroj, Suresh. Yadav, Neetu. Paliwal Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may have too many peaks and valleys, making the treatment plan undeliverable. When there are too many fluency [...]

Background: As compared to the flattened photon beam, removing the flattening filter (FF) from the head of a gantry decreases the average energy of the photon beam and increases the dose rate, leading to an impact on the quality of treatment plans. Objective: This study aimed to compare the quality of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans for esophageal cancer with and without a flattened filter photon beam. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, 12 patients, who had already been treated with a 6X FF photon beam, were treated based on new IMRT methods using a 6X the flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam. Both 6X FF IMRT and 6X FFF IMRT plans used identical beam parameters and planning objectives. All plans were evaluated with planning indices and doses for organs at risk (OARs). Results: Insignificant dose variation was for HI, CI, D98%, and V95% between FF and FFF photon beam IMRT plans. FF-based IMRT plan delivered a 15.51% and 11.27% higher mean dose to both lungs and heart than the FFF plan, respectively. The integral dose (ID) for the heart and lungs was 11.21% and 15.51%, respectively, less in the IMRT plan with an FFF photon beam. Conclusion: In contrast to the FF photon beam, a filtered photon beam-oriented IMRT plan provides significant OAR sparing without losing the quality of the treatment plan. High monitor units (MUs), low ID, and Beam on Time (BOT) are major highlights of the IMRT plan with FFF beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to compare the dosimetric superiority between the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and Rapid Arc in terms of treatment plan quality. METHODS We have taken 15 Patients of ca-esophagus for our study from our hospital database. Patients were already treated 3DCRT plan. Retrospectively additional IMRT and RA plans were created with Planning target volume (PTV) prescription dose of 50.4Gy in 28 fractions. Prescription dose of 95% of PTV was chosen for the comparison between three treatment planning strategies. Dose volume histogram was used to analyze and compare various plan quality index and doses to the organs at risk (OARs). RESULTS The D95% of PTV for 3DCRT plan was 47.85±0.78 Gy, which significantly got improved in IMRT (48.75±0.86 Gy) and RA (49.0±0.64 Gy) plans. The CI value for PTV coverage in 3DCRT was 0.96±0.04; however, the CI values in IMRT and RA plans were significant at 0.98±0.01 and 0.98±0.03, respectively. The 3DCRT plan had an HI of 1.09±0.03, which was significantly raised to 1.046±0.26 in the IMRT plan (p=0.01) and 1.06±0.02 in the RA plan (p=0.03). CONCLUSION An IMRT and RA plan gives greater conformity of dose to the PTV in comparison to 3DCRT. Lesser doses to the surrounding OARs are the major importance of the IMRT and RA planning technique. Dose escalation is possible with IMRT and RA plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the MoS2–RGO nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a lithiation assisted exfoliation method and analyzed by various spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The sonocatalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The complete degradation of MB was achieved using sonocatalyst–MoS2–RGO nanocomposites, while restacked MoS2 show lower sonocatalytic performance. This excellent sonocatalytic activity was due to the synergistic effect of the MoS2 and RGO. Our finding revealed that the MoS2–RGO nanocomposites were an active catalyst for the sonocatalytic degradation of dyes. Besides, the cycling tests indicated that the MoS2–RGO composite exhibited excellent stability. The fabricated composite could be effectively utilized for various environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]