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Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a gram negative, obligatory intracellular bacteria, member of Anaplasmataceae family, included in the Rickettsiales order. Little is known about the disease, transmission dynamics, strain and prevalence in Minas Gerais State. This work aimed to verify, using direct and serologic methods, the occurrence of A. phagocytophilum in equines of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. It was found a positive reaction in the IFA in a frequency of 53.57% (120/124). In the buffy coat evaluation, it was found a percentage of 3.14% (7/223) of positive animals. Most of the samples reacted at a 1:160 dilution and were submitted to titration in the dilutions of 1:320, 1:640 and 1:1280. It is possible to conclude that A. phagocytophilum infection is present in horses of "Projeto Carroceiros" of the municipality of Belo Horizonte. In order to better understand the epidemiological importance of this infection more studies are needed to comprehend the dynamic of the agent in the equine population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reasons for performing the study Toxin detection and screening could contribute to knowledge of the transmission patterns, risk factors and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens. Objective To isolate C. difficile and C. perfringens and to detect A/ B toxins in faecal samples from diarrhoeic and nondiarrhoeic foals. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods A total of 153 samples from foals were collected: 139 samples from farms and 14 samples from diarrhoeic foals admitted to a veterinary hospital. The A/ B toxins were detected by cytotoxicity assay. All suspected colonies of C. perfringens were subjected to polymerase chain reaction for detection of the major toxin genes (α, β, ε and ι) and for detection of β2-, NetB- and enterotoxin-encoding genes. Furthermore, C. difficile and C. perfringens isolates were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. Results Seven of 153 (4.6%) samples, all from diarrhoeic foals, were positive for C. difficile A/ B toxin. Of these, 5 of 14 (35.7%) were from hospitalised foals, and only 2 of 63 (3.2%) diarrhoeic foal samples were from farms (P = 0.002). Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 31 (20.3%) foals, of which 21 of 76 (27.6%) were diarrhoeic and 10 of 76 (13.2%) were nondiarrhoeic, demonstrating a difference between these 2 groups (P = 0.045). Only 4 strains were positive for the β2-encoding gene ( cpb2). All C. difficile and C. perfringens isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Conclusions The present report highlights the need for laboratory diagnostics to differentiate C. difficile-associated infection in foals from other causes of diarrhoea to facilitate adequate antimicrobial therapy. Potential relevance More studies are needed to clarify the role of C. perfringens as a primary agent of diarrhoea in foals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a four-year-old Mangalarga Marchador stallion with histological findings and clinical signs compatible with equine coital exanthema (ECE) as related to equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) detection. The stallion from a herd in the central part of Brazil was examined and showed inappetence, apathy and swelling of scrotum and prepuce and multifocal erosive lesions with hyperemic edge. The article discusses sulfa trimethoprim treatment to prevent screwworm infection.

Reason for Performing the Study: Proliferative enteropathy, caused by the intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, has been described in horses in Australia, the USA, Canada and European countries but has not been reported in Latin America. The prevalence of the disease in horses worldwide is unknown., Objective: To evaluate the presence of subclinical L. intracellularis infection in horses in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil., Methods: A longitudinal study using serology and PCR for detecting antibodies (IgG) and shedding of L. intracellularis in faecal samples, respectively, was conducted using a total of 223 horses from 14 different horse farms in Minas Gerais, and from the Veterinary School of UFMG equine herds in Minas Gerais. The immunoperoxidase technique in glass slides was used as the serological test., Results: Twenty-one horse sera had immunoglobulin G titres of 1:60 and were considered positive. The PCR technique in faeces for L. intracellularis DNA identified 7 horses as faecal shedders. Horses shedding the organism appeared healthy, indicating that subclinical infection of L. intracellularis occurred in the horses., Conclusion: Seropositivity and detection of faecal shedding of L. intracellularis indicates the presence of the agent in the equine population in Minas Gerais., Potential Relevance: Results of this study should alert clinicians in countries where proliferative enteropthy in horses has not been reported to consider this disease as a possible cause of enteric disease.

Oestrous behaviour and occurrence of ovulation was studied in 13 jenny asses (3-18 years) during a 15-month period. Teasing was performed daily and follicular growth, ovulation and changes of the genitalia were checked every other day by rectal palpation during dioestrus or the anovulatory season or daily during oestrus and when a follicle greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter was present. Plasma oestrogens and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the 13 jennies, 6 showed a typical seasonal ovarian activity, 1 stopped cycling only at the end of the experiment, 2 ovulated regularly and 4 did not cycle. Mean (+/- s.d.) length of the anovulatory season in the 6 jennies with seasonal cyclic ovarian activity was 166.3 +/- 63.2 days (74-263 days). Irregular oestrous periods were detected during the anovulatory season of these jennies. Irregular signs of oestrus and follicular growth were detected in the 4 jennies which remained acyclic during the whole experiment. Mean (+/- s.d.) length of the ovulatory season was 197.8 +/- 63.4 days (102-291 days). Overall mean +/- s.d. lengths for the oestrous cycle and dioestrous and oestrous periods were 25.9 +/- 2.7 (n = 74), 18.2 +/- 2.3 (n = 70) and 7.9 +/- 2.5 (n = 79) days. Ovulatory oestrous periods tended to be longer at the start and end of the season than during the summer months. Dioestrous length was not affected by season.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)