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176 results on '"Palencia, Pablo"'

1. Positive solutions to general semilinear overdetermined boundary problems

Author

Enciso, Alberto, Hidalgo-Palencia, Pablo, and Ros-Oton, Xavier

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35N25, 35R35 (Primary), 35J20, 35J61 (Secondary)
Abstract

We establish the existence of positive solutions to a general class of overdetermined semilinear elliptic boundary problems on suitable bounded open sets $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$. Specifically, for $n\leq 4$ and under mild technical hypotheses on the coefficients and the nonlinearity, we show that there exist open sets $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary and of any prescribed volume where the overdetermined problem admits a positive solution. The proof builds on ideas of Alt and Caffarelli on variational problems for functions defined on a bounded region. In our case, we need to consider functions defined on the whole $\mathbb{R}^n$, so the key challenge is to obtain uniform bounds for the minimizer and for the diameter of its support. Our methods extend to higher dimensions, although in this case the free boundary $\partial\Omega$ could have a singular set of codimension 5. The results are new even in the case of the Poisson equation $-\Delta v =g(x)$ with constant Neumann data., Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

4. Elliptic operators in rough sets, and the Dirichlet problem with boundary data in H\'older spaces

Author

Cao, Mingming, Hidalgo-Palencia, Pablo, Martell, José María, Prisuelos-Arribas, Cruz, and Zhao, Zihui

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, 35J25 (Primary), 26A16, 35B65, 31B05, 31B25, 42B37, 42B35 (Secondary)
Abstract

In this paper we study the Dirichlet problem for real-valued second order divergence form elliptic operators with boundary data in H\"{o}lder spaces. Our context is that of open sets $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, $n \ge 2$, satisfying the capacity density condition, without any further topological assumptions. Our main result states that if $\Omega$ is either bounded, or unbounded with unbounded boundary, then the corresponding Dirichlet boundary value problem is well-posed; when $\Omega$ is unbounded with bounded boundary, we establish that solutions exist, but they fail to be unique in general. These results are optimal in the sense that solvability of the Dirichlet problem in H\"{o}lder spaces is shown to imply the capacity density condition. As a consequence of the main result, we present a characterization of the H\"{o}lder spaces in terms of the boundary traces of solutions, and obtain well-posedness of several related Dirichlet boundary value problems. All the results above are new even for 1-sided chord-arc domains, and can be extended to generalized H\"{o}lder spaces associated with a natural class of growth functions., Comment: 52 pages

Published
2023

5. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Author

Burton, A. Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, LaRoy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T. D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hagen, Robert (Bob), Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P. J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J. R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Jr, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K. H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Monteza-Moreno, Claudio M., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, M. Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean-Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C. B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, and Kays, Roland

Published
2024
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7. On the Kato problem for elliptic operators in non-divergence form

Author

Escauriaza, Luis, Hidalgo-Palencia, Pablo, and Hofmann, Steve

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, 35J15, 42B25, 42B37, 47B44, 47D06
Abstract

We consider the Kato square root problem for non-divergence second order elliptic operators $L =- a_{ij} D_iD_j$, and, especially, the normalized adjoints of such operators. In particular, our results are applicable to the case of real coefficients having sufficiently small BMO norm. We assume that the coefficients of the operator are smooth, but our estimates do not depend on the assumption of smoothness., Comment: 30 pages. In this version, we have added more details in Remark 1.12

Published
2023

8. Spinel nitride solid solutions: charting properties in the configurational space with explainable machine learning

Author

Sánchez-Palencia, Pablo, Hamad, Said, Palacios, Pablo, Grau-Crespo, Ricardo, and Butler, Keith T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

Ab initio prediction of the variation of properties in the configurational space of solid solutions is computationally very demanding. We present an approach to accelerate these predictions via a combination of density functional theory and machine learning, using the cubic spinel nitride GeSn$_2$N$_4$ as a case study, exploring how formation energy and electronic bandgap are affected by configurational variations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of applying explainable machine learning to understand the crystal chemistry origins of the trends that we observe. Different configuration descriptors (Coulomb matrix eigenspectrum, many-body tensor representation, and cluster correlation function vectors) are combined with different models (linear regression, gradient-boosted decision tree, and multi-layer perceptron) to extrapolate the calculation of ab initio properties from a small set of configurations to the full space with thousands of configurations. We discuss the performance of different descriptors and models. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis of the machine learning models highlights how values of formation energy are dominated by variations in local crystal structure (single polyhedral environments), while values of electronic bandgap are dominated by variations in more extended structural motifs. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by constructing structure-property maps, identifying important configurations of GeSn$_2$N$_4$ with extremal properties, as well as by calculating accurate equilibrium properties using configurational averaging.

Published
2022

10. Carleson measure estimates, corona decompositions, and perturbation of elliptic operators without connectivity

Author

Cao, Mingming, Hidalgo-Palencia, Pablo, and Martell, José María

Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 42B37, 28A75, 28A78, 31A15, 31B05, 35J08, 35J25, 42B25, 42B35
Abstract

Let $\Omega$ be an open set with Ahlfors-David regular boundary satisfying the corkscrew condition. When $\Omega$ is connected in some quantitative form one can establish that for any real elliptic operator with bounded coefficients, the quantitative absolute continuity of elliptic measures is equivalent to the fact that all bounded null solutions satisfy Carleson measure estimates. In turn, in the same setting these equivalent properties are stable under Fefferman-Kenig-Pipher perturbations. However, without connectivity, there is no Fefferman-Kenig-Pipher perturbation result available. In this paper, we work with a corona decomposition associated with the elliptic measure and show that it is equivalent to the fact that bounded null solutions satisfy partial/weak Carleson measure estimates, or to the fact that the Green function is comparable to the distance to the boundary in the corona sense. This characterization has profound consequences. We extend Fefferman-Kenig-Pipher's perturbation to non-connected settings. For the Laplacian, these corona decompositions or, equivalently, the partial/weak Carleson measure estimates are meaningful enough to characterize the uniform rectifiability of the boundary. As a consequence, we obtain that the boundary of the set is uniformly rectifiable if bounded null solutions for any Fefferman-Kenig-Pipher perturbation of the Laplacian satisfy Carleson measure estimates. For Kenig-Pipher operators any of the properties of the characterization is stable under transposition or symmetrization of the matrices of coefficients. As a result, we obtain that Carleson measure estimates for bounded null-solutions of non-symmetric variable operators satisfying an $L^1$-Kenig-Pipher condition occur if and only if the boundary of the open set is uniformly rectifiable. Our results generalize previous work in settings where quantitative connectivity.

Published
2022

12. Acknowledgement to reviewers and guest editors of ECOSISTEMAS in the year 2023

Author

Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0001-7084-7782], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, Cruz-Alonso, Verónica, Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0001-7084-7782], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, and Cruz-Alonso, Verónica

Published
2024

13. ECOSISTEMAS consolidates its commitment to an open and fair publishing system and moves towards its internationalization

Author

Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0002-2928-4241], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Bartomeus, Ignasi, Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, Cruz-Alonso, Verónica, Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0002-2928-4241], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Bartomeus, Ignasi, Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, and Cruz-Alonso, Verónica

Published
2024

14. Towards an automated protocol for wildlife density estimation using camera‐traps.

Author

Zampetti, Andrea, Mirante, Davide, Palencia, Pablo, and Santini, Luca

Subjects
IMAGE recognition (Computer vision), MACHINE learning, OLD World badger, RED fox, ANIMAL populations
Abstract

Camera‐traps are valuable tools for estimating wildlife population density, and recently developed models enable density estimation without the need for individual recognition. Still, processing and analysis of camera‐trap data are extremely time‐consuming. While algorithms for automated species classification are becoming more common, they have only served as supporting tools, limiting their true potential in being implemented in ecological analyses without human supervision. Here, we assessed the capability of two camera‐trap based models to provide robust density estimates when image classification is carried out by machine learning algorithms.We simulated density estimation with Camera‐Trap Distance Sampling (CT‐DS) and Random Encounter Model (REM) under different scenarios of automated image classification. We then applied the two models to obtain density estimates of three focal species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus, red fox Vulpes vulpes and Eurasian badger Meles meles) in a reserve in central Italy. Species detection and classification was carried out both by the user and machine learning algorithms (respectively, MegaDetector and Wildlife Insights), and all outputs were used to estimate density and ultimately compared.Simulation results suggested that the CT‐DS model could provide robust density estimates even at poor algorithm performances (down to 50% of correctly classified images), while the REM model is more unpredictable and depends on multiple factors. Density estimates obtained from the MegaDetector output were highly consistent for both models with the manually labelled images. While Wildlife Insights' performance differed greatly between species (recall: badger = 0.15; roe deer = 0.56; fox = 0.75), CT‐DS estimates did not vary significantly; on the contrary, REM systematically overestimated density, with little overlap in standard errors.We conclude that CT‐DS and REM models can be robust to the loss of images when machine learning algorithms are used to identify animals, with the CT‐DS being an ideal candidate for applications in a fully unsupervised framework. We propose guidelines to evaluate when and how to integrate machine learning in the analysis of camera‐trap data for density estimation, further strengthening the applicability of camera‐traps as a cost‐effective method for density estimation in (spatially and temporally) extensive multi‐species monitoring programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. An Integrated Approach to an Emerging Problem: Implementing a Whole Year of Camera Trap Survey in Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife on Tick Abundance.

Author

Ferroglio, Ezio, Vada, Rachele, Occhibove, Flavia, Fracchia, Mattia, Cicco, Federica De, Palencia, Pablo, Varzandi, Amir Reza, Zanet, Stefania, and Selim, Abdelfattah

Subjects
WILDLIFE monitoring, WILD boar, CLIMATE change, OMNIVORES, PETS, CASTOR bean tick, TICKS
Abstract

Tick‐borne zoonoses are an emerging health issue. The expansion of ticks is mainly driven by climatic changes but also by new approaches to the management of the natural environment, increasing the abundance of vertebrate host species and thus the potential exposure to tick bites for both humans and companion animals. In this context, a holistic approach to studying ticks' ecology is required. In the present work, we shed light on the link between environmental tick abundance (global and specific of Ixodes ricinus nymphs, as the highest zoonotic threat) and the temporal occupancy of wildlife host species retrieved from camera traps (namely, wild ruminants, mesocarnivores and wild boar). We modelled this relationship by integrating abiotic factors relevant to tick survival, such as the vegetation cover and saturation deficit, and estimated the accuracy of prediction. To collect these data, we deployed camera traps in a peri‐urban Natural Park in Northwest Italy to monitor wildlife for 1 whole year while collecting ticks in front of camera traps by dragging transects every 2 weeks. Overall, wildlife temporal occupancy showed an additive impact on tick abundance for species that are preferential hosts (deer and mesocarnivores) and a detractive impact for wild boar, which also presented a lower tick burden, particularly with regard to the tick species collected in the environment (mainly I. ricinus and Haemaphysalis punctata). Accuracy of prediction was higher for I. ricinus nymphs rather than the global model. Temporal fluctuations in the tick population were also highlighted. Wildlife temporal occupancy was not constant and varied between seasons according to feeding habits. In conclusion, we highlighted the utility of camera trap data to investigate tick ecology and acarological risk. This information is crucial in informing monitoring and prevention strategies to decrease the risk of tick bites in humans and thus zoonotic risk of tick‐borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Relating Wildlife Camera Trap Data to Tick Abundance: Testing the Relationship in Different Habitats.

Author

Vada, Rachele, Zanet, Stefania, Occhibove, Flavia, Fantini, Enrica, Palencia, Pablo, and Ferroglio, Ezio

Subjects
WILDLIFE monitoring, ROE deer, TICK-borne diseases, ALPINE regions, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, ANIMAL populations
Abstract

Simple Summary: This study addresses the growing risk of tick bites, which is becoming more prevalent due to changes in landscape, leading to an increase in wildlife that supports tick populations, raising the risk of disease transmission to humans and animals. To better understand this, we explored the ecology of ticks by examining the relationship between wildlife presence and tick abundance in two regions: an alpine hunting district and a natural park in the Apennines. We used camera traps to monitor wildlife and conducted tick sampling nearby. Additionally, we considered factors like altitude, vegetation, and climate. Our findings highlight the significant role of altitude and wildlife presence—both influenced by habitat and land management—in the global abundance of ticks in the environment. In particular, the species most impacting tick presence was roe deer. These insights could be valuable for managing natural environments, helping to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases, and they show the utility of camera trap data, which are gathered with great detail and little disturbance of wildlife. The increase in acarological risk of tick bites is significantly driven by profound changes in landscape, which alter the density and distribution of wildlife that support tick populations. As a result of habitat shifts and land abandonment, which create environments conducive to tick proliferation, the risk of disease transmission to humans and animals is increasing. In this context, it is important to explore tick ecology by applying a comprehensive methodology. In this study, we examined the relationship between wildlife temporal occupancy and tick abundance in two distinct regions: an alpine hunting district and a natural park in the Apennines. For each sampling point, we calculated wildlife temporal occupancy from camera trap pictures and estimated ticks' abundance from dragging transects in the area immediately surrounding camera traps. In modelling the relationship between those two variables, we included abiotic factors such as saturation deficit, normalized difference vegetation index, and altitude. Results show the importance of altitude and wildlife temporal occupancy (itself related to different habitat and land management characteristics) on the ecology of questing ticks. If employed in management decisions for natural environments, such information is useful to modulate the acarological risk and thus the risk of tick-borne pathogens' transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Elaboración de una rúbrica para la evaluación por parte de tutores y tribunales de los TFG y TFM de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas

Author

Infante Del Río, Juan Antonio, Benavent Merchán, María Teresa, Bru Espino, Antonio Leonardo, Castilla Castellano, Laura, Domínguez de Tena, Joaquín, Felipe Ortega, Ángel, Gallego Rodrigo, Francisco Javier, González Ortega, Jorge, Hidalgo Palencia, Pablo, Molina Peralta, Isabel, Páez Velasco, Pablo, Pareja Monturiol, José Ramón, Pradera Trobajo, Miguel Ángel, Rodríguez Velasco, Gema de Jesús, Soria de Diego, Francisco Javier, Vélez Serrano, Daniel, Infante Del Río, Juan Antonio, Benavent Merchán, María Teresa, Bru Espino, Antonio Leonardo, Castilla Castellano, Laura, Domínguez de Tena, Joaquín, Felipe Ortega, Ángel, Gallego Rodrigo, Francisco Javier, González Ortega, Jorge, Hidalgo Palencia, Pablo, Molina Peralta, Isabel, Páez Velasco, Pablo, Pareja Monturiol, José Ramón, Pradera Trobajo, Miguel Ángel, Rodríguez Velasco, Gema de Jesús, Soria de Diego, Francisco Javier, and Vélez Serrano, Daniel

Abstract

Diseño de rúbricas destinadas a la evaluación de los trabajos de fin de grado y de fin de máster en la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se presentan modelos tanto para el tutor que dirige el trabajo como para el tribunal que debe evaluar la memoria realizada y su presentación.

Published
2024

25. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Author

Burton, Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, La Roy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T.D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P.J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J.R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K.H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C.B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, Kays, Roland, Burton, Cole, Beirne, Christopher, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Sun, Catherine, Granados, Alys, Allen, Maximilian L., Alston, Jesse M., Alvarenga, Guilherme C., Calderón, Francisco Samuel Álvarez, Amir, Zachary, Anhalt-Depies, Christine, Appel, Cara, Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, Balme, Guy, Bar-Massada, Avi, Barcelos, Daniele, Barr, Evan, Barthelmess, Erika L., Baruzzi, Carolina, Basak, Sayantani M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Belmaker, Jonathan, Belova, Olgirda, Bezarević, Branko, Bird, Tori, Bogan, Daniel A., Bogdanović, Neda, Boyce, Andy, Boyce, Mark, Brandt, La Roy, Brodie, Jedediah F., Brooke, Jarred, Bubnicki, Jakub W., Cagnacci, Francesca, Carr, Benjamin Scott, Carvalho, João, Casaer, Jim, Černe, Rok, Chen, Ron, Chow, Emily, Churski, Marcin, Cincotta, Connor, Ćirović, Duško, Coates, T.D., Compton, Justin, Coon, Courtney, Cove, Michael V., Crupi, Anthony P., Farra, Simone Dal, Darracq, Andrea K., Davis, Miranda, Dawe, Kimberly, De Waele, Valerie, Descalzo, Esther, Diserens, Tom A., Drimaj, Jakub, Duľa, Martin, Ellis-Felege, Susan, Ellison, Caroline, Ertürk, Alper, Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean, Favreau, Jorie, Fennell, Mitch, Ferreras, Pablo, Ferretti, Francesco, Fiderer, Christian, Finnegan, Laura, Fisher, Jason T., Fisher-Reid, Caitlin, Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Fležar, Urša, Flousek, Jiří, Foca, Jennifer M., Ford, Adam, Franzetti, Barbara, Frey, Sandra, Fritts, Sarah, Frýbová, Šárka, Furnas, Brett, Gerber, Brian, Geyle, Hayley M., Giménez, Diego G., Giordano, Anthony J., Gomercic, Tomislav, Gompper, Matthew E., Gräbin, Diogo Maia, Gray, Morgan, Green, Austin, Hagen, Robert, Hammerich, Steven, Hanekom, Catharine, Hansen, Christopher, Hasstedt, Steven, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hofmeester, Tim R., Hubbard, Tru, Jachowski, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jaspers, Kodi Jo, Jensen, Alex, Jordan, Mark, Kaizer, Mariane C., Kelly, Marcella J., Kohl, Michel T., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Krofel, Miha, Krug, Andrea, Kuhn, Kellie M., Kuijper, Dries P.J., Kuprewicz, Erin K., Kusak, Josip, Kutal, Miroslav, Lafferty, Diana J.R., LaRose, Summer, Lashley, Marcus, Lathrop, Richard, Lee, Thomas E., Lepczyk, Christopher, Lesmeister, Damon B., Licoppe, Alain, Linnell, Marco, Loch, Jan, Long, Robert, Lonsinger, Robert C., Louvrier, Julie, Luskin, Matthew Scott, MacKay, Paula, Maher, Sean, Manet, Benoît, Mann, Gareth K.H., Marshall, Andrew J., Mason, David, McDonald, Zara, McKay, Tracy, McShea, William J., Mechler, Matt, Miaud, Claude, Millspaugh, Joshua J., Moreira-Arce, Dario, Mullen, Kayleigh, Nagy, Christopher, Naidoo, Robin, Namir, Itai, Nelson, Carrie, O’Neill, Brian, O’Mara, Teague, Oberosler, Valentina, Osorio, Christian, Ossi, Federico, Palencia, Pablo, Pearson, Kimberly, Pedrotti, Luca, Pekins, Charles E., Pendergast, Mary, Pinho, Fernando F., Plhal, Radim, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt, Price, Melissa, Procko, Michael, Proctor, Mike D., Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Ranc, Nathan, Reljic, Slaven, Remine, Katie, Rentz, Michael, Revord, Ronald, Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael, Risch, Derek, Ritchie, Euan G., Romero, Andrea, Rota, Christopher, Rovero, Francesco, Rowe, Helen, Rutz, Christian, Salvatori, Marco, Sandow, Derek, Schalk, Christopher M., Scherger, Jenna, Schipper, Jan, Scognamillo, Daniel G., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Semenzato, Paola, Sevin, Jennifer, Shamon, Hila, Shier, Catherine, Silva-Rodríguez, Eduardo A., Sindicic, Magda, Smyth, Lucy K., Soyumert, Anil, Sprague, Tiffany, St. Clair, Colleen Cassady, Stenglein, Jennifer, Stephens, Philip A., Stępniak, Kinga Magdalena, Stevens, Michael, Stevenson, Cassondra, Ternyik, Bálint, Thomson, Ian, Torres, Rita T., Tremblay, Joan, Urrutia, Tomas, Vacher, Jean Pierre, Visscher, Darcy, Webb, Stephen L., Weber, Julian, Weiss, Katherine C.B., Whipple, Laura S., Whittier, Christopher A., Whittington, Jesse, Wierzbowska, Izabela, Wikelski, Martin, Williamson, Jacque, Wilmers, Christopher C., Windle, Todd, Wittmer, Heiko U., Zharikov, Yuri, Zorn, Adam, and Kays, Roland

Abstract

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.

Published
2024

26. Student Performance Assessment Using Clustering Techniques

Author

Varela, Noel, Montero, Edgardo Sánchez, Vásquez, Carmen, Guiliany, Jesús García, Mercado, Carlos Vargas, Llinas, Nataly Orellano, Zea, Karina Batista, Palencia, Pablo, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Tan, Ying, editor, and Shi, Yuhui, editor

Published
2019
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29. Effect of Changing and Combining Trivalent Metals in the Structural and Electronic Properties of Cu-Based Crystal Delafossite Materials.

Author

Torres, Joeluis Cerutti, Sánchez-Palencia, Pablo, Jiménez-Sáez, José Carlos, Wahnón, Perla, and Palacios, Pablo

Subjects
AB-initio calculations, METALS, DENSITY functional theory, LATTICE constants, SOLAR cells, GALLIUM alloys
Abstract

Cu-based ternary oxides with delafossite structure have received considerable attention in recent years for their versatility in a wide range of applications, among which is the possibility to use them in heterostructure solar cells as hole transport layers, due to their promising behavior as p-type conducting oxides. Ab initio calculations have been performed with density functional theory to investigate the role of the trivalent metal within the CuMO2 structure and the dependence of structural and electronic properties with the species (M = Al, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Co, Sc, Y) occupying the site of the metal. Generalized Gradient Approximation also including a Hubbard term and nonlocal Heyd–Scuseria–Enzerhof screened hybrid functional schemes were tested and their results were compared. Excellent agreement with experimental lattice parameters and measured gaps have been found. The use of hybrid functionals in HSE approximation considerably improves the bandgaps when compared with the experimental results but takes considerable time to converge, hence the need to explore less demanding methodologies. Trends in the geometry as well as in the electronic properties are discussed, and the effect of mixing different metals (CuMxN1−xO2, M, N being the aforementioned elements) in the geometry and electronic properties of these delafossite materials is investigated. Due to the high cost of HSE calculations, especially when supercells are needed to model several x concentrations, statistical models and techniques based on machine learning have also been explored to predict HSE bandgap values from GGA and structural information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Estimating animal density using the Space‐to‐Event model and bootstrap resampling with motion‐triggered camera‐trap data.

Author

Lyet, Arnaud, Waller, Scott, Chambert, Thierry, Acevedo, Pelayo, Howe, Eric, Kühl, Hjalmar S., Naidoo, Robin, O'Brien, Timothy, Palencia, Pablo, Soutyrina, Svetlana V., Vicente, Joaquin, Wearn, Oliver R., and Gray, Thomas N. E.

Subjects
ANIMAL tagging, POPULATION density, DENSITY, ZOOARCHAEOLOGY, REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Over the past few decades, the use of camera‐traps has revolutionized our ability to monitor populations of wild terrestrial mammals. While methods to estimate abundance from individually‐identifiable animals are well‐established, they are mostly restricted to species with clear natural markings or else necessitate invasive and often costly animal tagging campaigns. Estimating abundance or density from unmarked animals remains challenging. Several models recently developed to deal with this issue are promising, but are not widely used by field ecologists. Here, we developed a framework for applying the Space‐To‐Event (STE) model—originally designed to be used with time‐lapse images—on motion‐triggered camera‐trap data. Our approach involves performing bootstrap resampling on the photographic dataset to generate multiple datasets that are then used as input to the STE model. We tested our approach on 29 datasets, including 17 ungulate species from eight sites, in six different countries and various ecosystems. Then, we conducted a regression analysis to evaluate how variations in ecological and sampling conditions across studies affected the bias and precision of our STE density estimates. Our study shows that with a bootstrap resampling approach and information on animal activity and effective detection distances to animals, the STE model can be used to analyze motion‐trigger datasets and provide population density estimates that are similar to those from other methods. We found that measuring the camera viewshed was critical to prevent major negative biases in density estimates. Moreover, using a 1‐s sampling window was important to avoid the positive bias that results from violating the instantaneous‐sampling assumption. We found that precision increased with greater sampling effort and higher density populations. Based on these results, we highlight several issues from past studies that have applied the original timelapse‐based STE to motion‐trigger datasets, issues that our bootstrap resampling approach addresses. We caution that the STE model, whether applied to timelapse or motion‐triggered datasets, relies on strict assumptions. Any violations of these assumptions, such as non‐instantaneous sampling or the application of angle and distance of detection provided by the camera manufacturer, can cause biases in multiple directions that may be difficult to differentiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Estimating animal density using the Space‐to‐Event model and bootstrap resampling with motion‐triggered camera‐trap data

Author

Lyet, Arnaud, primary, Waller, Scott, additional, Chambert, Thierry, additional, Acevedo, Pelayo, additional, Howe, Eric, additional, Kühl, Hjalmar S., additional, Naidoo, Robin, additional, O'Brien, Timothy, additional, Palencia, Pablo, additional, Soutyrina, Svetlana V., additional, Vicente, Joaquin, additional, Wearn, Oliver R., additional, and Gray, Thomas N. E., additional

Published
2023
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36. Student Performance Assessment Using Clustering Techniques

Author

Varela, Noel, primary, Montero, Edgardo Sánchez, additional, Vásquez, Carmen, additional, Guiliany, Jesús García, additional, Mercado, Carlos Vargas, additional, Llinas, Nataly Orellano, additional, Zea, Karina Batista, additional, and Palencia, Pablo, additional

Published
2019
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37. Using integrated wildlife monitoring to prevent future pandemics through one health approach

Author

Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Università di Torino, Barroso, Patricia, Relimpio Peral, David, Zearra, Jon Ander, Cerón, José J., Palencia, Pablo, Cardoso, Beatriz, Ferreras-Colino, Elisa, Escobar González, María, Cáceres, Germán, López-Olvera, Jorge R., Gortázar, Christian, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Università di Torino, Barroso, Patricia, Relimpio Peral, David, Zearra, Jon Ander, Cerón, José J., Palencia, Pablo, Cardoso, Beatriz, Ferreras-Colino, Elisa, Escobar González, María, Cáceres, Germán, López-Olvera, Jorge R., and Gortázar, Christian

Abstract

In the One Health context, Integrated Wildlife Monitoring (IWM) merges wildlife health monitoring (WHM) and host community monitoring to early detect emerging infections, record changes in disease dynamics, and assess the impact of interventions in complex multi-host and multi-pathogen networks. This study reports the deployment and results obtained from a nationwide IWM pilot test in eleven sites representing the habitat diversity of mainland Spain. In each study site, camera-trap networks and sampling of indicator species for antibody and biomarker analysis were used to generate information. The results allowed identifying differences in biodiversity and host community characteristics among the study sites, with a range of 8 to 19 relevant host species per point. The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) was the most connected and central species of the host communities, becoming a key target indicator species for IWM. A negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk was detected, with a lower number and prevalence of circulating pathogens in the sites with more species in the community and larger network size. However, this overall trend was modified by specific host-community and environmental factors, such as the relative index of wild boar - red deer interactions or the proximity to urban habitats, suggesting that human-driven imbalances may favour pathogen circulation. The effort of incorporating wildlife population monitoring into the currently applied WHM programs to achieve effective IWM was also evaluated, allowing to identify population monitoring as the most time-consuming component, which should be improved in the future. This first nationwide application of IWM allowed to detect drivers and hotspots for disease transmission risk among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, as well as identifying key target indicator species for monitoring. Moreover, anthropogenic effects such as artificially high wildlife densities and urbanisation were identi

Published
2023

38. Tools and opportunities for African swine fever control in wild boar and feral pigs: a review

Author

Università di Torino, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Palencia, Pablo, Blome, Sandra, Brook, Ryan K., Ferroglio, Ezio, Jo, Yeong‐Seok, Linden, Annick, Montoro, Vidal, Penrith, Mary-Louise, Plhal, Radim, Vicente, Joaquín, Viltrop, Arvo, Gortázar, Christian, Università di Torino, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Palencia, Pablo, Blome, Sandra, Brook, Ryan K., Ferroglio, Ezio, Jo, Yeong‐Seok, Linden, Annick, Montoro, Vidal, Penrith, Mary-Louise, Plhal, Radim, Vicente, Joaquín, Viltrop, Arvo, and Gortázar, Christian

Abstract

The native Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a relevant wildlife host for African swine fever (ASF) virus, contributing to infection maintenance and spread and representing a challenge for disease control. Combining published scientific evidence with expert opinion, we provide an updated global overview of ASF control in wild boar and feral pigs in different epidemiological scenarios. We synthesize current knowledge on key background aspects of wild boar ecology and management and on ASF epidemiology in wild boar and their relative, the feral pig. We propose that establishing a proper surveillance and monitoring scheme is a requisite for disease control in wildlife and that ASF and wild boar should be monitored in an integrated way, considering the changes in the host population as well as the spatial spread and temporal distribution of disease indicators, to make possible a critical assessment of the impact of interventions. The main body of the manuscript reviews the intervention options and ASF control attempts and their outcomes in different epidemiological situations from peacetime to endemicity. Current ASF control in wild boar relies on three essential tools: carcass destruction, wild boar culling, and fencing. The experience gained since the onset of the ongoing ASF pandemic shows that certain combinations of interventions can slow down ASF spread and eventually succeed in ASF eradication in wild boar, at least after point introductions. Several strengths and weaknesses of these strategies are identified.

Published
2023

39. The method matters. A comparative study of biologging and camera traps as data sources with which to describe wildlife habitat selection

Author

Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Banco Santander, European Commission, Ferrer, David, Fernández-López, Javier, Triguero, Roxana, Palencia, Pablo, Vicente, Joaquín, Acevedo, Pelayo, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Banco Santander, European Commission, Ferrer, David, Fernández-López, Javier, Triguero, Roxana, Palencia, Pablo, Vicente, Joaquín, and Acevedo, Pelayo

Abstract

Habitat use is a virtually universal activity among animals and is highly relevant as regards designing wildlife management and conservation actions. This has led to the development of a great variety of methods to study it, of which resource selection functions combined with biologging-derived data (RSF) is the most widely used for this purpose. However this approach has some constraints, such as its invasiveness and high costs. Analytical approaches taking into consideration imperfect detection coupled with camera trap data (IDM) have, therefore, emerged as a non-invasive cost-effective alternative. However, despite the fact that both approaches (RSF and IDM) have been used in habitat selection studies, they should also be comparatively assessed. The objective of this work is consequently to assess them from two perspectives: explanatory and predictive. This has been done by analyzing data obtained from camera traps (60 sampling sites) and biologging (17 animals monitored: 7 red deer Cervus elaphus, 6 fallow deer Dama dama and 4 wild boar Sus scrofa) in the same periods using IDM and RSF, respectively, in Doñana National Park (southern Spain) in order to explain and predict habitat use patterns for three studied species. Our results showed discrepancies between the two approaches, as they identified different predictors as being the most relevant to determine species intensity of use, and they predicted spatial patterns of habitat use with a contrasted level of concordance, depending on species and scale. Given these results and the characteristics of each approach, we suggested that although partly comparable interpretations can be obtained with both approaches, they are not equivalent but rather complementary. The combination of data from biologging and camera traps would, therefore, appear to be suitable for the development of an analytical framework with which to describe and characterise the habitat use processes of wildlife.

Published
2023

41. Assessing trends in population size of three unmarked species: A comparison of a multi-species N-mixture model and random encounter models

Author

Hasselt University, Research Foundation - Flanders, Flemish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Università di Torino, KU Leuven, Bollen, Martijn, Palencia, Pablo, Vicente, Joaquín, Acevedo, Pelayo, Río, Lucía del, Neyens, Thomas, Beenaerts, Natalie, Casaer, Jim, Hasselt University, Research Foundation - Flanders, Flemish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Università di Torino, KU Leuven, Bollen, Martijn, Palencia, Pablo, Vicente, Joaquín, Acevedo, Pelayo, Río, Lucía del, Neyens, Thomas, Beenaerts, Natalie, and Casaer, Jim

Abstract

Estimation of changes in abundances and densities is essential for the research, management, and conservation of animal populations. Recently, technological advances have facilitated the surveillance of animal populations through the adoption of passive sensors, such as camera traps (CT). Several methods, including the random encounter model (REM), have been developed for estimating densities of unmarked populations but require additional information. Hierarchical abundance models, such as the N-mixture model (NMM), can estimate abundances without performing additional fieldwork but do not explicitly estimate the area effectively sampled. This obscures the interpretation of its densities and requires its users to focus on relative measures of abundance instead. Hence, the main objective of our study is to evaluate if REM and NMM yield consistent results qualitatively. Therefore, we compare relative trends: (i) between species, (ii) between years and (iii) across years obtained from annual density/abundance estimates of three species (fox, wild boar and red deer) in central Spain monitored by a camera trapping network for five consecutive winter periods. We reveal that NMM and REM provided density estimates in the same order of magnitude for wild boar, but not for foxes and red deer. Assuming a Poisson detection process in the NMM was important to control for inflation of abundance estimates for frequently detected species. Both methods consistently ranked density/abundance across species (between species trend), but did not always agree on relative ranks of yearly estimates within a single population (between years trend), nor on its linear population trends across years (across years trend). Our results suggest that relative trends are generally consistent when the range of variability is large, but can become inconsistent when the range of variability is smaller.

Published
2023

42. Inter-population variability in movement parameters: practical implications for population density estimation

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Palencia, Pablo, Acevedo, Pelayo, Hofmeester, Tim R., Sereno-Cadierno, Jorge, Vicente, Joaquín, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Palencia, Pablo, Acevedo, Pelayo, Hofmeester, Tim R., Sereno-Cadierno, Jorge, and Vicente, Joaquín

Abstract

Motion-sensitive cameras are popular as non-invasive monitoring tools, and several methods have been developed to estimate population densities from camera data. These methods frequently rely on auxiliary movement data including the distance traveled by an individual in a day and the proportion of the day that an animal spends moving when individual recognition is not possible. The estimation of these movement parameters is time-consuming, which could limit the applicability of cameras to estimate population density. To investigate the relevance of measuring movement parameters for the target population, we monitored 54 wildlife populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in different seasons through Europe with cameras. We estimated 91-day ranges and activity levels. We fitted mixed models for day range and activity level as response variables to assess if the inter-population variability in movement was explained by a set of a priori relevant geographical, environmental, biological, and management predictors. We then explored the bias in density estimates obtained in 25 independent populations when using predicted movement data. There was high intra-species variation in day range and activity level among species and populations. Only species explained a small proportion of this variability; other predictor variables did not. We observed bias in densities when predicting the day range and activity for independent populations. Considering the intra-species variability in movement parameters and the consequent unacceptable bias in density estimates, we recommend that monitoring and conservation programs estimate movement parameters for the target population and survey populations from camera data for more accurate density estimates. While this increases the handling time needed to estimate densities, it is worth the cost because of the reliability of camera-base

Published
2023

44. Development of an app for processing data on wildlife density in the field

Author

ENETWILD-consortium, Blanco-Aguiar, José Antonio, Acevedo, Pelayo, Apollonio, Marco, Carniato, D., Casaer, J., Ferroglio, Ezio, Guerrasio, Tancredi, Gomez Molina, A., Janssen, René, Illanas, Sonia, Laguna, Eduardo, Liefting, Y., Keuling, Oliver, Palencia, Pablo, Preite, L., Plis, Kamila, Podgórski, Tomasz, Rowcliffe, J. Marcus, Ruiz-Rodríguez, Carmen, Sebastian, M., Smith, Graham C., Scandura, Massimo, Sereno-Cadierno, Jorge, Soriguer, Ramón C., Vada, Rachele, Zanet, Stefania, Vicente, Joaquín, and European Food Safety Authority

Subjects
Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART), Camera traps, General Engineering, Field protocol, Cloud-based, Abundance estimation, Distance sampling
Abstract

It is essential to provide tools to wildlife professionals and researchers in order to facilitate data collection on wildlife density estimation following standardized protocols in the field. This is relevant for efficient harmonized data management systems, from the field to final reporting. Our main objective was to facilitate the collection of information in the field using established density estimation protocols. The specific objectives were (i) to evaluate and use already existing data registration IT tools for collecting and storing the data in the field; (ii) to make these data available in real time (cloud-based solution), and (iii) being flexible enough to incorporate new protocols and species, as methods (such as camera trap-based) and needs continuously evolves. We improved an already existing tool, Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART; https://smartconservationtools.org/). It is an open source software, which allows easily collect, visualize, store, analyze, report and act on a wide range of field data relevant for wildlife monitoring. The integration of SMART tools on EOW was successfully done for (i) distance sampling, (ii) hunting data and (iii) camera trap protocols. ENETWILD, therefore, made now available new IT functionalities to wildlife professionals and researchers to facilitate and harmonize wildlife data collection systems., EFSA-Q-2022-00044

Published
2022
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46. ENETWILD training: 'First online course on the use of camera trapping for monitoring wildlife and density estimation in the framework of the European Observatory of Wildlife (5th May 2022)

Author

ENETWILD-consortium, Casaer, J., Palencia, Pablo, Vicente, Joaquín, Acevedo, Pelayo, Jansen, P., Rowcliffe, J., Guerrasio, Tancredi, Scandura, Massimo, Apollonio, Marco, Blanco-Aguiar, José Antonio, and European Food Safety Authority

Subjects
Camera trapping, Data collection, European wildlife observatory, Wild boar
Abstract

One of the main objectives of ENETWILD consortium is to collect data on density, hunting statistics and wildlife occurrence in order to model the geographical distribution and abundance of wildlife species across Europe as a tool to support the assessment of risks associated, for example, with disease transmission. Created in the framework of the ENETwild project, the European Wildlife Observatory (EOW2) provides the backbone for an integrated, interdisciplinary, multi-sectoral and multi-institutional approach to wildlife monitoring, initially focusing on terrestrial mammals in Europe. The EOW applies similar camera-trapping-based protocols for population estimation and data collection standards to facilitate harmonization and interoperability. For this purpose, continuous training of the network of wildlife professionals in Europe is a key activity of the EOW. In this context, during the last few years the ENETWILD consortium has organized different online training courses and workshops on the use of camera traps, addressing different approaches from the design and handling of camera traps to the processing of the collected data. Many of the participants in our previous courses are now part of the EOW and require updated information on methodology to process with next steps in the field. The course here reported presented improvements and refinements in the sampling protocols, aimed specially at new collaborators to be incorporated in the network. Therefore, the objectives of this introductory online course held on 5th May 2022 were: (i) to present milestones and achievements of the ENETWILD project and the EOW, and (ii) to review scientific methods for determining wildlife abundance and density, providing specific training on camera trapping methods and protocols, specifically the random encounter method (REM) and other methods which do not require identification of individuals. This course was attended by 46 wildlife biologists, animal health professionals and wildlife experts from national hunting and forestry authorities. Detailed explanations, protocols, and examples for applying such protocols were provided., EFSA-Q-2022-00056

Published
2022
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48. Wild boar density data generated by camera trapping in nineteen European areas

Author

Plis, Kamila, Ruiz, C., Scandura, Massimo, Santos, João Pedro, Sereno-Cadierno, Jorge, Sergeyev, A., Shakun, Vasili, Soriguer, Ramón, Stoyanov, Stoyan, Sprem, Nikica, Plhal, Radim, Smith, Graham, Trajçe, A., Urbani, N., Zanet, Stefania, Vicente, Joaquin, Soyumert, Anil, Pereira, P., Podgórski, Tomasz, Martínez-Carrasco, Carlos, Acevedo, Pelayo, Aleksovski, Vasko, Palencia, Pablo, Berdión, Oskar, Blanco‐Aguiar, J.A., Del Rio, Laura, Ertürk, Alper, Fajdiga, L., Apollonio, Marco, Ferroglio, Ezio, Gruychev, Gradimir, Gutiérrez, Iván, Häberlein, V., Hoxha, B., Kavcic, Kresimir, Escribano, F., and Keuling, Oliver

Subjects
camera trap, density estimation, network, harmonized protocol, wild boar
Abstract

This report presents the results of field activities in relation to the generation of reliable wild boar density values by camera trapping (CT) in 19 areas in Europe, mainly in East Europe. Random Encounter Model (REM) densities ranged from 0.35±0.24 to 15.25±2.41 (SE) individuals/km2. No statistical differences in density among bioregions were found. The number of contacts was the component of the trapping rate that determined the coefficient of variation (CV) the most. The daily range (DR) significantly varied as a function of management; the higher values were detected in hunting grounds compared to protected areas, indicating that movement parameters are population specific, and confirming the potential role of hunting activities in increasing wild boar movement and contact rates among individual or groups. The results presented in this report illustrate that a harmonized approach to actual wildlife density estimation (namely for terrestrial mammals) is possible at a European scale, sharing the same protocols, collaboratively designing the study, processing, and analysing the data. This report adds reliable wild boar density values that have the potential to be used for wild boar abundance spatial modelling, both directly or to calibrate outputs of model based on abundance (such as hunting bags) or occurrence data. Future REM developments should focus on improving the precision of estimates (probably through increased survey effort). Next steps require an exhaustive and representative design of a monitoring network to estimate reliable trends of wild boar populations as a function of different factors in Europe. In this regard, the newly created European Observatory of Wildlife will be a network of observation points provided by collaborators from all European countries capable to monitor wildlife population at European level.

Published
2022

49. Wild boar density data generated by camera trapping in nineteen European areas

Author

ENETWILD-consortium, Acevedo, Pelayo, Aleksovski, V., Apollonio, Marco, Berdión, O., Blanco-Aguiar, José Antonio, Río, Lucía del, Ertürk, A., Fajdiga, L., Escribano, Fernando, Ferroglio, Ezio, Gruychev, G., Gutiérrez, Iván, Häberlein, V., Hoxha, B., Kavčić, K., Keuling, Oliver, Martínez-Carrasco, Carlos, Palencia, Pablo, Pereira, Patrícia, Plhal, R., Plis, Kamila, Podgórski, Tomasz, Ruiz, T., Scandura, Massimo, Santos, J., Sereno-Cadierno, Jorge, Sergeyev, A., Shakun, V., Soriguer, Ramón C., Soyumert, A., Sprem, N., Stoyanov, S., Smith, Graham C., Trajçe, A., Urbani, N., Zanet, Stefania, Vicente, Joaquín, and European Food Safety Authority

Abstract

This report presents the results of field activities in relation to the generation of reliable wild boar density values by camera trapping (CT) in 19 areas in Europe, mainly in East Europe. Random Encounter Model (REM) densities ranged from 0.35±0.24 to 15.25±2.41 (SE) individuals/km2. No statistical differences in density among bioregions were found. The number of contacts was the component of the trapping rate that determined the coefficient of variation (CV) the most. The daily range (DR) significantly varied as a function of management; the higher values were detected in hunting grounds compared to protected areas, indicating that movement parameters are population specific, and confirming the potential role of hunting activities in increasing wild boar movement and contact rates among individual or groups. The results presented in this report illustrate that a harmonized approach to actual wildlife density estimation (namely for terrestrial mammals) is possible at a European scale, sharing the same protocols, collaboratively designing the study, processing, and analysing the data. This report adds reliable wild boar density values that have the potential to be used for wild boar abundance spatial modelling, both directly or to calibrate outputs of model based on abundance (such as hunting bags) or occurrence data. Future REM developments should focus on improving the precision of estimates (probably through increased survey effort). Next steps require an exhaustive and representative design of a monitoring network to estimate reliable trends of wild boar populations as a function of different factors in Europe. In this regard, the newly created European Observatory of Wildlife will be a network of observation points provided by collaborators from all European countries capable to monitor wildlife population at European level., EFSA-Q-2020-00677

Published
2022
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50. Data from: Integrated wildlife monitoring, a pilot trial in Spain

Author

Barroso, Patricia, Relimpio Peral, David, Zearra, Jon Ander, Cerón, José J., Palencia, Pablo, Cardoso, Beatriz, Ferreras-Colino, Elisa, Escobar González, María, Cáceres, Germán, López-Olvera, Jorge R., Gortázar, Christian, Barroso, Patricia, Relimpio Peral, David, Zearra, Jon Ander, Cerón, José J., Palencia, Pablo, Cardoso, Beatriz, Ferreras-Colino, Elisa, Escobar González, María, Cáceres, Germán, López-Olvera, Jorge R., and Gortázar, Christian

Abstract

This study aims to report the implementation of the first nationwide pilot trial of balanced IWM in Europe, using a network of 11 pilot monitoring sites in Spain. The insights obtained in this pilot IWM trial will help to further develop a comprehensive IWM and serve as a reference for implementing IWM systems in other regions. For this purpose, a grid of 20 camera traps (Browning Strike Force HD ProX, Browning Arms Company®, Morgan, Utah, USA) was deployed for two months at each study site (n=11). REM was applied to wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the most frequently detected species. Relative abundance indexes, namely trapping rate and relative occupancy index, were calculated for the remaining, less frequently detected species.

Published
2022

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