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Multi-stakeholder engagement spaces are important instruments for transition governance. Due to their nature they require acute consciousness of the local context and place they are based in. The research presented in this paper adds to the body of literature on how to govern the energy transition at a local level, and contributes to filling the gap on the role of multi-stakeholder engagement groups in the energy transition process within a southern European context. Empirical evidence is drawn from the city of Valencia, Spain, where innovative formulas are being developed. One such innovation, the Mesa de Transición Energética (MTE – Energy Round Table), emerges as a multi-stakeholder, participatory and inclusive mechanism to define the roadmap towards achieving the energy transition and urban sustainability. This new experience in the city led to the discovery and exploration of the challenges, barriers, benefits and opportunities the city had to face, as well as clarifying how such multi-stakeholder engagement spaces can facilitate the energy transition path. The research evidenced that while participants and organizers were very satisfied with the development of the stakeholder group and the resulting demonstration projects used to enhance experimentation in the city, they signaled various difficulties. Such difficulties were rooted in the context and included dealing with an uneven vision of the transition, the vulnerability of the group due to the predominant role of the local administration, and a perceived lack of action. Nevertheless, the multi-stakeholder engagement space for the energy transition in Valencia can be seen as an important driver of change for the city. It can also be seen as an experimental model to be replicated in other Spanish or southern European cities.

Está ampliamente reconocido el hecho de que los formidables problemas sociales y ambientales a los que se enfrentan nuestras sociedades necesitan de cambios estructurales en los sistemas de producción y consumo. Esto afecta especialmente a sistemas con un impacto particularmente relevante, como el sistema agroalimentario (Sustainability Transitions Research Network [STRN], 2017). Por ello, los estudios académicos sobre transformaciones sociotécnicas han prestado atención a este sistema, si bien, como señalan algunos autores, menos de lo que sería necesario.

Cities are positioned as critical actors in agri-food sustainability transitions through the implementation of food policy councils and food strategies for urban policymaking. Promoting participatory arrangements in food policymaking allows multiple actors to engage in a contested process of mutual learning that helps construct a common goal. The development of these multi-actor instruments has meant that social movements have had the possibility of reclaiming power in the governance spaces of cities, contributing to urban agri-food transitions. Nevertheless, while signalling that transition governance instruments can bring more inclusive and collective change, critical studies call for the need to pay attention to power dynamics in these processes. Drawing from this notion, this paper explores how diverse governance actors mobilise and execute power within and between two urban food governance instruments – an agri-food transition platform and a food policy council – in Valencia, Spain. The study contributes to urban food governance and sustainability transitions governance literature through raising three critical points regarding the potential of urban food governance processes for sustainability transitions: the longitudinal and cross-scale evaluation of power dynamics and subsequent tensions, the acknowledgement of different kinds of power, and the possible coexistence of different but symbiotic spaces for transition governance.

The Island Schools project provides policy recommendations on the future of sustainable education on Europe's islands. A key part of this comes from pupils of Island Schools themselves, using a technique called 'backcasting' to come up with solutions for the sustainable future of their islands and the important role of schools and young people in realising it.

[ES] A pesar de la existencia de una gran variedad de métodos basados en indicadores orientados a evaluar la sosteniblidad de los sistemas agrarios, sólo unos pocos abordan el análisis de forma integral desde un enfoque de complejidad (Gingrich et al., 2018; Stylianou et al., 2020). Así, el concepto de agrosistema permite articular procesos sociales, ambientales y económicos en el análisis de los sistemas agrarios (González-Molina et al., 2020 y Marco et al., 2019;2020), siendo el punto de partida para la introdución del enfoque de sistemas complejos. Tomando como ámbito de estudio la comarca de l¿Horta Nord (València) y una muestra predefinida de entrevista semiestructurada a 4 explotaciones agrícolas, se propone un análisis socioecológico de síntesis (Muiño, 2015) a partir de las herramientas teóricas y metodológicas del campo del metabolismo social, con un triple objetivo de caracterización de las variedades agrometabólicas, el análisis de procesos en despliegue y la observación de las limitaciones teóricas y metodológicas en el análisis. El modelo construido de tipo snap-shot cuenta con 15 indicadores cuantitativos y el análisis de 5 códigos cualitativos para el análisis de 4 procesos de reproducción y 4 procesos de producción de 3 bienes-fondo (social, natural y económico). Los resultados apuntan a una fosilización de agrosistemas, coincidiendo con las tesis de Aguilera et al. (2015) y González-Molina et al. (2020), baja eficiencia de insumos, una producción social divergente de medios sociotécnicos de producción no físicos (MSn) y un sostenimiento parcial e informal no monetario de medios sociotécnicos de producción físicos (MSf) como procesos principales en despliegue. La inclusión de los trabajos reproductivos (Tr) en el cálculo señala resultados similares a los obtenidos en el estudio historiográfico de Marco et al. (2019;2020), apuntando a que entre un 30-50% del insumo estaría enmascarado de no contabilizarse en el análisis de explotaciones agrarias. El a, [EN] Despite the existence of a great variety of methods based on indicators aiming the evaluation of the sustainability of agricultural systems, only a few approach the analysis in a comprehensive way from a complexity approach (Gingrich et al., 2018; Stylianou et al., 2020). Thus, the concept of agrosystem allows the articulation of social, environmental and economic processes in the analysis of agrarian systems (González-Molina et al., 2020 and Marco et al., 2019; 2020), being the starting point for the introduction of the complex systems approach. Taking the district of l¿Horta Nord (València) a predefined sample of a semi-structured interview with 4 agricultural holdings is selected and analyzed through a socio-ecological methodological approach (Muiño, 2015) based on the tools of the field of social metabolism. A triple reseach¿s goal is set: the characterization of metabolic profile, the analysis of unfolding processes and the observation of the theoretical and methodological limitations in the analysis. The constructed model is assessed by 15 quantitative indicators and 5 qualitative codes for the analysis of 4 reproduction processes and 4 production processes of 3 fund-elements (social, natural and economic). The results point to a fossilization of agrosystems, coinciding with the hypotheses of Aguilera et al. (2015) and González-Molina et al. (2020), low input efficiency base-line, and divergent social production of MSn while partial and informal non-monetary support of MSf as main unfolding processes. The inclusion of reproductive works (Tr) in the calculation indicates similar results to those obtained in the historiographic study by Marco et al. (2019; 2020), addresing that between 30-50% of the input would be masked if not being accounted for the analysis of agricultural holdings. The MSn analysis coincides for conventional production with Requena i Mora et al. (2018) regarding the impossibility of avoiding low autonomy profiles and that the decreasing

[ES] El presente estudio pretende acercarse a la olvidada realidad de los Colegios Rurales Agrupados (CRA) del Principado de Asturias. Para ello nos aproximaremos a las zonas más invisibilizadas de dicha Comunidad Autónoma, recabando la máxima información posible, de tal manera que nos permitan tener una visión lo más cercana al objeto de estudio. Los colegios rurales agrupados del Principado de Asturias han ido evolucionando desde su creación, enfrentándose y sorteando problemas de distinta índole, como por ejemplo el éxodo rural, las pobres vías de comunicación o la escasez de servicios sociales y culturales¿Estos ejemplos anteriormente citados hacen que estas escuelas tengan menores oportunidades en detrimento a los colegios urbanos. Si a esto le sumamos el envejecimiento de la población asturiana que, junto con los flujos migratorios de los jóvenes a grandes ciudades de la comunidad como Oviedo o Gijón, o a otras regiones, hace crecer el despoblamiento de la zona rural y, por ende, pone en peligro la subsistencia de los colegios rurales agrupados. A esto se debe añadir la pandemia mundial de la COVID-19, donde el aislamiento se ha vuelto todavía más fuerte en las zonas rurales, al igual que su desconexión, sumándole a lo anteriormente dicho un menor acceso a la atención médica., [EN] This study aims to bring closer to the reader the actual reality of the Colegios Rurales Agrupados (CRA) of the Principality of Asturias. To do this, we will approach the most invisible areas of the aforementioned autonomous community, gathering as much information as possible, in such a way as to allow us to have a vision as close to the object of study as possible. The rural schools grouped in the Principality of Asturias have evolved since their creation, facing and dodging problems of different kinds, such as rural exodus, poor communication routes or the lack of social and cultural services. In face to urban schools, these rural schools have fewer opportunities. If we add to this the aging of the Asturian population which, together with the migratory flows of young people to large cities in the community such as Oviedo or Gijón, or to other regions, increases the depopulation of the rural area and, therefore, puts in danger the subsistence of the grouped rural schools. To all this, we must add the consequences of the global pandemic of COVID-19, that has caused isolation to become even stronger in rural areas, as well as their disconnection, adding this to the aforementioned less easy access to medical care.

[ES] Este trabajo se realizó a partir de las prácticas del Máster de Cooperación al Desarrollo (MCAD) de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, especialidad en Gestión de Proyectos, en la ONG Justicia Alimentaria Valencia. Tuvieron una duración de 7 meses, comprendidos entre noviembre de 2020 y junio de 2021, marcados por la pandemia por Covid, en los cuales participó la autora de este trabajo en las actividades previstas dentro del proyecto `Biblioteques que alimenten¿. El trabajo realizado durante las prácticas permitió desarrollar el Trabajo de Fin de Máster (TFM), el cual consistió en el análisis crítico de una intervención de desarrollo en el que se pretendía comprender la capacidad de las bibliotecas públicas como generadoras de capital social y de una ciudadanía crítica en torno a la soberanía alimentaria, a raíz del proyecto en cuestión. Asimismo, se indagó sobre los impactos del proyecto en las principales beneficiarias, las usuarias de las bibliotecas. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se realizaron 6 entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuya finalidad fue explorar las visiones del personal bibliotecario. Adicionalmente, se prepararon cuestionarios que se pasaron al acabar las actividades, que sirvieron como evidencia para indagar sobre el impacto de los talleres. Las entrevistas se analizaron bajo el enfoque de prácticas ciudadanas (convivencia, participación y autonomía), junto con el capital social, cruzados con elementos de la soberanía alimentaria (consumo responsable, hábitos alimentarios saludables y género en el sistema agroalimentario). Tras el análisis de las evidencias se concluyó que, a pesar de que las bibliotecas se encuentran en un proceso de evolución hacia una biblioteca social, sigue persistiendo en el imaginario colectivo la idea de la biblioteca como almacén de libros. Se extrae que, efectivamente, las bibliotecas gozan de la confianza necesaria como para ser lugares a los que la gente puede acceder de forma universal, también gracias a la g, [EN] This work was carried out from the practices of the Master of Cooperation for Development (MCAD) of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, specializing in Project Management, in the NGO Justicia Alimentaria Valencia. They lasted 7 months, between November 2020 and June 2021, marked by the Covid pandemic, in which the author of this work participated in the activities planned within the `Libraries that feed¿ project. The work carried out during the internships allowed the development of the Final Master's Thesis (TFM), which consisted of the critical analysis of a development intervention in which it was intended to understand the capacity of public libraries as generators of social capital and a critical citizenship around food sovereignty, as a result of the project in question. Likewise, the impact of the project on the main beneficiaries, the library users, was investigated. To carry out this analysis, 6 semi-structured interviews were conducted, the purpose of which was to explore the views of the library staff. Additionally, questionnaires were prepared and passed out at the end of the activities, which served as evidence to inquire about the impact of the workshops. The interviews were analyzed under the focus of citizen practices (coexistence, participation and autonomy), together with social capital, crossed with elements of food sovereignty (responsible consumption, healthy eating habits and gender in the agri-food system). After analyzing the evidence, it was concluded that, despite the fact that libraries are in a process of evolution towards a social library, the idea of ¿¿the library as a storehouse of books continues to persist in the collective imagination. It is extracted that, indeed, libraries enjoy the necessary confidence to be places that people can access universally, also thanks to the free services. However, there is no evidence that processes of real participation occur within it. Thus, this represents a limitation to host processes re

Satellite data are very useful for the continuous monitoring of ever-changing environments, such as wetlands. In this study, we investigated the use of multispectral imagery to monitor the winter evolution of land cover in the Albufera wetland (Spain), using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 datasets. With multispectral data, the frequency of observation is limited by the possible presence of clouds. To overcome this problem, the data acquired by the two missions, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, were jointly used, thus roughly halving the revisit time. The varied types of land cover were grouped into four classes: (1) open water, (2) mosaic of water, mud and vegetation, (3) bare soil and (4) vegetated soil. The automatic classification of the four classes was obtained through a rule-based method that combined the NDWI, MNDWI and NDVI indices. Point information, provided by geo-located ground pictures, was spatially extended with the help of a very high-resolution image (GeoEye-1). In this way, surfaces with known land cover were obtained and used for the validation of the classification method. The overall accuracy was found to be 0.96 and 0.98 for Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, respectively. The consistency evaluation between Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 was performed in six days, in which acquisitions by both missions were available. The observed dynamics of the land cover were highly variable in space. For example, the presence of the open water condition lasted for around 60–80 days in the areas closest to the Albufera lake and progressively decreased towards the boundaries of the park. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using moderate-resolution multispectral images to monitor land cover changes in wetland environments.

[ES] CoopeVictoria R.L. ayuda a Grecia y sus alrededores generando empleo y una ayuda económica para muchas familias por medio del asociativismo de pequeños productores agrícolas dedicados al negocio de la siembra, producción, industrialización y comercialización de café y caña de azúcar, teniendo en cuenta la responsabilidad social y ambiental. Tras varios años se ha llevado a cabo diferentes intervenciones y proyectos con quienes componen CoopeVictoria R.L, intentado tratar el tema de género de una manera transversal, sin embargo, en la actualidad se evidencia poca participación de las mujeres en la cooperativa, por lo cual fue necesario la implementación de un Plan de Acción Integral para el grupo de mujeres Forjadoras así como también se facilitaron varios talleres a hombres y mujeres de la cooperativa representantes de las diferentes áreas. El marco teórico del presente trabajo esta basado en tres pilares fundamentales: Perspectiva de género, empoderamiento y comercio justo. La perspectiva de género será analizada desde tres áreas, para describir como cada una de las intervenciones realizadas es complementaria y necesaria. a) Género. b) Igualdad de género. c) Nuevas Masculinidades. Este análisis nos demostrará claramente las áreas en las que la cooperativa ya venía realizando algún tipo de intervención o aquellas a las que poco se las había tomado en cuenta a pesar de su necesidad apremiante obedeciendo a las necesidades de la sociedad actual y a los principios y criterios de Comercio Justo. El análisis planteado servirá de base para formular políticas y acciones en la cooperativa para que esta siga siendo una de las pioneras en Costa Rica en implementar la perspectiva de género en sus acciones, siempre a la vanguardia acoplándose a los cambios que la sociedad requiere para buscar el bienestar social para sus asociados/as, empleados/as y todos quienes estén vinculados a la cooperativa para fomentar una equidad.

[EN] Higher education institutions play an important role in the transition processes to sustainable development through developing critical thinking (CT) in their students. The case of the Research Methodology course of the International Cooperation Master's degree at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia is a paradigmatic case of experiential learning, where students face their own realities related to sustainable topics through an action research project with the Agroecological Market (AM). The learning methodology is project-based learning and helps the participants to deeply analyze problems related to the transition of socio-technical systems, such as sustainable food. The objective of this research was to analyze the contribution of project-based learning to students' critical thinking through a qualitative analysis of the pedagogical outputs obtained during the course. The analysis and results are structured in three dimensions of critical thinking: (i) students' critical attitude towards reality; (ii) students' ability to reason and analyze in order to form their own rigorous judgments; and (iii) students' capacity to construct and deconstruct their own experiences and meanings. The results show that project-based learning using a real-life scenario helped students reflect on their critical thinking and the challenges that our societies face for a transition to sustainability.

[EN] This Master's Thesis is the result of the curricular internships of the Master's in Development Cooperation carried out by the author in the community of Santa Lucía (Atlantic) (Colombia) from March to December 2019. It is of a qualitative research, approached from an analytical, interpretative and critical approach, through which it has been tried to understand and to analyze of how the bodies of the women in Santa Lucia become territories where symbolic violence in the l 'exercise of motherhood, in connection with the socio-economic factors that contribute to the configuration of the hegemonic social construction of the same and to the contextual particularitities of the municipality. Thanks to the information obtained through the participant observation, the conduct of semi-structured interviews and a body mapping workshop, we were able to observe how the hegemonic social construction of motherhood in the community is conditioned by contextual factors. of glocal nature, common in the rural communities of the Colombian Atlantic Coast. Some of the factors that have had the greatest impact on it have been the double lack of widespread employment and educational opportunities for women, the poor quality of the provision and management of public goods and services and the predominance of Catholic morality in the country. 'cultural imaginary of the community. As a product of these socio-economic conditions, motherhood in St. Lucia has become the only role to be played in the community by women, which has drastically affected the way they shape their habits. subjective. This has meant the manifestation of a multitude of symbolic violence in their bodies, insofar as they reproduce in a naturalized and legitimate way, such as their loss of personal autonomy, low self-esteem and self-love, ignorance of their human rights, and their economic dependence on the family or the sentimental partner. This phenomenon reflects the loss of control over one's own bodies and their, [CA] Aquest Treball de Fi de Màster és fruit de les pràctiques curriculars del Màster de Cooperació al Desenvolupament realitzades per l'autora a la comunitat de Santa Lucía (Atlàntic) (Colòmbia) des del mes de març fins desembre de l'any 2019. Es tracta d'una investigació qualitativa, abordada des d'un enfocament analític, interpretativista i crític, a través de la qual s'ha pretès entendre i analitzar de quina forma els cossos de les dones a Santa Lucía esdevenen territoris on es reprodueixen violències simbòliques en l'exercici de la maternitat, en connexió amb els factors socioeconòmics que contribueixen a la configuració de la construcció social hegemònica de la mateixa i a les particularitats contextuals del municipi. Gràcies a la informació obtinguda a través de l'observació participant, la realització d'entrevistes semi-estructurades i d'un taller de cartografia corporal, hem pogut observar com la construcció social hegemònica de la maternitat a la comunitat es troba condicionada per factors contextuals de naturalesa glocal, comuns en les comunitats rurals de la Costa atlàntica colombiana. Alguns dels factors que més incidència en la mateixa han presentat han estat la doble falta d'oportunitats laborals i educatives generalitzada per a les dones, la mala qualitat de la prestació i gestió dels béns i serveis públics i el predomini de la moral catòlica en l'imaginari cultural de la comunitat. Com a producte d'aquestes condicions socioeconòmiques, la maternitat s'ha convertit a Santa Lucía en l'única funció a desenvolupar en la comunitat per part de les dones, la qual cosa ha afectat dràsticament a la forma en què aquestes configuren el seu habitus subjectiu. Açò ha suposat la manifestació de multitud de violències simbòliques als seus cossos, en la mesura en què es reprodueixen de forma naturalitzada i legitimada, com la seua pèrdua d'autonomia personal, baixa autoestima i amor propi, el desconeixement dels seus drets humans, i la seua dependència econòmica re

[EN] This work focuses on the situation of the technological transition to new technologies in drip irrigation in the Valencian Community (Spain). The study covers the last decade with data from interviews to managers of Irrigation Communities in 2010 and 2018. We analyze the main technological problems in seven topics: (i) Catchment & Pumping; (ii) Storage & Regulation; (iii) Treatment & Filtering; (iv) Transport & Distribution; (v) Maneuver, Regulation & Protection; (vi) Automation; (vii) Theft and Vandalism. We also have researched the influence of the performance of the Automation system, the presence of a technician in the Irrigation Community and the use of sensors or climatic data. Results show that problems related to technological maintenance of filtering systems or automation are very common and important and they are more important in large Irrigation Communities. We have also observed that mostly large ICs are using sensors or climatic data for their irrigation schedule. We can conclude that their current situation is focused in the daily maintenance of technological problems, inherited from the first modernization processes at the beginning of 21st century. Hence, they are far away from a second stage of modernization or the smart irrigation pushed by the new advances on technology.

One of the main environmental problems we are currently facing is air pollution. Air quality models calculate how much pollution is emitted and dispersed into the atmosphere. This research presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic model using a real urban geometry for the analysis of CO contamination with a three-dimensional model. This method includes a procedure of calculating emissions using different types of vehicles. CO Measurements are obtained from a Wireless Sensor Network to validate the models. The present study analyzes six representative real cases of different traffic situations and climatic conditions plus 3 hypothetical cases in a hotspot area in the city center of Valencia. The results show what influences pollution levels the most is the wind direction, which influences the generation of velocity patterns. In the validation cases, the real wind direction is used and a slight change produces great differences in both velocities and CO concentration. In the hypothetical cases, parallel and perpendicular winds are defined to observe the differences when this ideal situation is applied. In conclusion, the mixing and transport of air pollutants are closely related to the structures of velocity and turbulence that occur in the air, which depends strongly on the wind direction.

This work focuses on the situation of the technological transition to new technologies in drip irrigation in the Valencian Community (Spain). The study covers the last decade with data from interviews to managers of Irrigation Communities in 2010 and 2018. We analyze the main technological problems in seven topics: (i) Catchment & Pumping; (ii) Storage & Regulation; (iii) Treatment & Filtering; (iv) Transport & Distribution; (v) Maneuver, Regulation & Protection; (vi) Automation; (vii) Theft and Vandalism. We also have researched the influence of the performance of the Automation system, the presence of a technician in the Irrigation Community and the use of sensors or climatic data. Results show that problems related to technological maintenance of filtering systems or automation are very common and important and they are more important in large Irrigation Communities. We have also observed that mostly large ICs are using sensors or climatic data for their irrigation schedule. We can conclude that their current situation is focused in the daily maintenance of technological problems, inherited from the first modernization processes at the beginning of 21st century. Hence, they are far away from a second stage of modernization or the smart irrigation pushed by the new advances on technology.

Higher education institutions play an important role in the transition processes to sustainable development through developing critical thinking (CT) in their students. The case of the Research Methodology course of the International Cooperation Master’s degree at the Universitat Politècnica de València is a paradigmatic case of experiential learning, where students face their own realities related to sustainable topics through an action research project with the Agroecological Market (AM). The learning methodology is project-based learning and helps the participants to deeply analyze problems related to the transition of socio-technical systems, such as sustainable food. The objective of this research was to analyze the contribution of project-based learning to students’ critical thinking through a qualitative analysis of the pedagogical outputs obtained during the course. The analysis and results are structured in three dimensions of critical thinking: (i) students’ critical attitude towards reality; (ii) students’ ability to reason and analyze in order to form their own rigorous judgments; and (iii) students’ capacity to construct and deconstruct their own experiences and meanings. The results show that project-based learning using a real-life scenario helped students reflect on their critical thinking and the challenges that our societies face for a transition to sustainability.