Search

Identification of early signatures of immune rejection represents a key challenge in the clinical management of kidney transplant. To address such an issue, we enrolled 53 kidney transplant recipients without signs of graft rejection, no infectious episodes and no change in the immunosuppressive regimen in the last 6 months. An extensive immune profile revealed increased activation of the T cells, a decreased amount and growth ability of the Treg and a higher level of the TR3-56 regulatory T cell subset, described by us as involved in the preferential control of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In renal transplant recipients, the high level of the TR3-56 cells associates with a reduction in both the amount and the growth ability of the Treg. Moreover, when the transplanted subjects were categorised according to their stable or unstable disease status, as defined by changes in serum creatinine ≥0.2 mg/dL in two consecutive detections, a higher TR3-56 level and defective Treg growth ability were observed to characterise patients with unstable graft control. Further studies are required to substantiate the hypothesis that immune profiling, including TR3-56 evaluation, might represent a valuable diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk of developing significant anti-donor allo-immune responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emergence of dysplastic haematopoietic precursor/s, cytopenia and variable leukaemia risk characterise myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Impaired immune‐regulation, preferentially affecting cytotoxic T cells (CTL), has been largely observed in MDS. Recently, we described the TR3−56 T cell subset, characterised by the co‐expression of CD3 and CD56, as a novel immune‐regulatory population, able to modulate cytotoxic functions. Here, we address the involvement of TR3−56 cells in MDS pathogenesis/progression. Objectives: To analyse the relationship between TR3−56 and CTL activation/expansion in bone marrow (BM) of very‐low/low‐risk MDS subjects. Methods: Peripheral blood and BM specimens, obtained at disease onset in a cohort of 58 subjects, were analysed by immune‐fluorescence and flow cytometry, to preserve the complexity of the biological sample. Results: We observed that a trend‐increase of BM TR3−56 in high/very‐high MDS stage, as compared with very‐low/low group, associates with a decreased activation of BM resident CTL; significant correlation of TR3−56 with BM blasts has been also revealed. In addition, in very‐low/low‐risk subjects the TR3−56 amount in BM inversely correlates with the presence of activated BM CTL showing a skewed Vβ T‐cell repertoire. Conclusions: These data add TR3−56 to the immune‐regulatory network involved in MDS pathogenesis/progression. Better knowledge of the immune‐mediated processes associated with the disease might improve MDS clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on reducing regulatory T cells in bone marrow preferentially associate with the expansion of cytotoxicT lymphocytes in low risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients; and mentions the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include clonal bone marrow (BM) disorders characterised by the emergence of dysplastic progenitors in the context of ineffective haematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias and increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity. In addition, we evaluated the effect of such botanicals in contrasting the in vitro proinflammatory toxicity of OTC. Our results showed a significant reduction in interferon- (INF-) γ production by human and canine lymphocytes in presence of botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). Increased INF-γ production, dependent on 24-hour OTC-incubation of T lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by the coincubation with Haematococcus pluvialis, with Glycine max, and with the mix of all botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of these botanicals was shown to be able to contrast OTC-toxicity and could represent a new approach for the development of functional foods useful to enhance the standard pharmacological treatment in infections as well as in preventing or reducing the emergence of inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes ( MDS) are clonal disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and possible evolution to acute leukemia. Occurrence of stem cell defects and of immune-mediated mechanisms was evidenced as relevant for pathophysiology of MDS. Here, we described one case of MDS patient carrying CD14+ CD56+ monocytes in bone marrow ( BM), in the presence of a defective human leukocyte antigen ( HLA)- E expression on peripheral blood ( PB) cells and of natural killer ( NK) cell expansion in PB and BM. The defective HLA- E expression and the NK expansion are proposed to be relevant for the pathogenesis of myelodysplasia in those patients showing CD14+ CD56+ monocytes in BM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum is a chronic systemic disease endemic in Mediterranean basin. The aim of the study is to investigate the immune profile of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. In order to address such issue, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte T cell subsets, peripheral CD4+CD3+Foxp3+ (Treg) levels and the presence of pro-inflammatory T cells have been assessed, in 45 infected dogs and in 30 healthy animals, by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry detection. Animals were categorised according to their clinical-pathological status and their antibody titer at diagnosis. Results showing a significant increase of CD8+CD3+ T lymphocytes, a reduced percentage of the T regulatory CD4+CD3+Foxp3+ subset and a significant increase of TH1 cells, characterise the infected dogs, regardless of their antibody titer or the occurrence of clinical symptomatic disease. These data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of immune-mediated alterations associated with canine leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emergence of dysplastic haematopoietic precursor/s, cytopenia and variable leukaemia risk characterise myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Impaired immune-regulation, preferentially affecting cytotoxic T cells (CTL), has been largely observed in MDS. Recently, we described the T R3-56 T cell subset, characterised by the co-expression of CD3 and CD56, as a novel immune-regulatory population, able to modulate cytotoxic functions. Here, we address the involvement of T R3-56 cells in MDS pathogenesis/progression., Objectives: To analyse the relationship between T R3-56 and CTL activation/expansion in bone marrow (BM) of very-low/low-risk MDS subjects., Methods: Peripheral blood and BM specimens, obtained at disease onset in a cohort of 58 subjects, were analysed by immune-fluorescence and flow cytometry, to preserve the complexity of the biological sample., Results: We observed that a trend-increase of BM T R3-56 in high/very-high MDS stage, as compared with very-low/low group, associates with a decreased activation of BM resident CTL; significant correlation of T R3-56 with BM blasts has been also revealed. In addition, in very-low/low-risk subjects the T R3-56 amount in BM inversely correlates with the presence of activated BM CTL showing a skewed Vβ T-cell repertoire., Conclusions: These data add T R3-56 to the immune-regulatory network involved in MDS pathogenesis/progression. Better knowledge of the immune-mediated processes associated with the disease might improve MDS clinical management., (© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Haematology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)