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Resin-based dental materials are widely used in restorative dentistry due to their esthetics, versatility, and durability, which is why light-curing is a crucial process in the polymerization of these materials. Objective: To identify the effect produced by the intensity of the light from the curing lamp on resin-based dental materials in terms of their structure and shape. Methodology: The present study is based on a bibliographic review, which takes scientific articles related to restorative dentistry as the axis of study, and the effects of light intensity of light-curing lamps on dental resins in terms of their structure and form, which will provide a literary update. Conclusion: An adequate light curing of the resins results in better mechanical properties and an incorrect light curing can negatively alter the properties of the material, causing sensitivity, microleakage, color instability, fatigue, wear, increased water absorption and solubility.

Objective: To analyze the literature regarding the efficacy and survival of pit and fissure sealants. Materials and methods: Review of the literature in the Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the keywords: permanent dentition, survival, efficacy and sealants, taking into account articles in Spa-nish and English as inclusion criteria, articles that are systematic reviews and clinical trials, free ac-cess articles, with a cut-off date of February 2022. Regarding the exclusion criteria, articles that are not free access, those that are repeated and those that did not match the theme. At the beginning of the search, 30 articles were found in Pubmed using the combination of keywords and 10 articles in Lilacs, obtaining a total of 40 articles of which 16 were discarded, 8 because there was no access to the full text, one was withdrawn because there was no agreed with the theme and 7 articles because they were repeated. Results: The findings found in this review show that the efficacy of sealants to prevent dental caries is related to the retention of the material. The glass ionomer is effective in preventing carious lesions thanks to its property of releasing fluoride while the resin does so through its adhesion to the dental tissue, in terms of survival, it depends on the correct placement of the material, respecting the operating times and following the proper steps for each material, however, the resin sealant showed better retentive properties due to the fact that it requires acid etching and adhesive systems that, on the contrary, the glass ionomer does not need.

Objective: To evaluate the variability in the precision and reliability of tooth color selection among different spectrophotometers. Methods: A search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. A manual search was also performed based on the reference lists of the relevant articles. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. In the search strategy, medical subject heading (MeSH) words were used in PubMed, and free terms were used for the titles and abstracts of each article. Each keyword was separated by the Boolean operator OR to later be combined with the Boolean operator AND. All three authors were independently involved in studies selection based on the inclusion criteria, data extraction, and bias assessment. The assessment of the risk of bias in the in vivo studies was based on the parameters assigned by the Newcastle–Ottawa tool, and the risk of bias of the in vitro studies was categorized by applying the modified ARRIVE and CONSORT criteria. There was great heterogeneity in the experimental design of the articles that were included: however, no article mentioned or adhered to the indications given by the ISO_TR_28642_2016 standard for color measurement. Six studies were included, two studies provided data on the precision and repeatability of the spectrophotometers, three provided data on repeatability, and one provided data on reliability. Results: The selection process using the PRISMA flow chart. The search yielded 714 studies. Of these, 88 duplicates were excluded. A total of 579 studies were excluded because their titles and abstracts did not meet the eligibility criteria. The full texts of the other 47 studies were examined, which led to the exclusion of 39 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Two of the remaining eight articles were excluded after applying the modified ARRIVE and CONSORT criteria and the Newcastle–Ottawa cr

Objective: Determine the lip position influence on dental aesthetics in adults older than 19 years according to academic publications in the last 5 years. Material and methods: A systematic research was carried out in the medical literature (UNAM, Cochrane, BVS, Scielo, PubMed), using the following search strategy: (lip line) OR (smile line) AND (parameters) AND (analysis) AND (evaluation) to identify articles that reported data on lip position parameters that influence dental aesthetics. The results of each study were extracted and classified as follows: smile line or lip line, length of the lip with the smile line, gingival display, smile arc, smile type and upper lip curvature. Results: From the 4497 articles analyzed, 17 studies were selected for the final review process. Considering the studies in this literature review, the most frequent criteria are: a midline smile, a low gummy smile line, a consonant smile arc, a static smile, a commissural type of smile, and an upward curvature of the upper lip. Conclusions: An aesthetically attractive smile includes different parameters, among those that have a positive influence are a high or medium anterior smile line, a parallel smile arc, straight or upward upper lip curvature, type of commissural smile and a gingival exposure less than 2 mm.

Introduction:Light intensity emitted by the curing lamps represents an essential factor in the activation of photosensitive materials. The adequate supply of intensity, as well as the correct functioning of the device, it ensures a correct dental treatment. Objective:To know the light intensity, type, and fiber state of the curing lamps used in private dental offices in the city of Cuenca -Ecuador. Materials and methods:The cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the light intensity of 366 light-curing lamps from private clinics with the use of a Bluephase Meter II radiometer, besides the Likert-scale based evaluation of its type and condition. Data analysis was done with the software R v.3.2 and its interface R-Studio v.1.2. Results:Inadequate lightintensities were observed in 18% of the total analyzed units. Inadequate light intensities corresponded at 46% of Halogen lamps, and 12% of LED units. Likewise, 17% of units presented fiber fracture, while 52% showed residues of biomaterials on it. The predominant diameter in the units was 8mm, representing 65% of the total of light-curing lamps analyzed. Conclusions: LED lamps presented adequate light intensities in higher proportion in comparison to halogen lamps. It was shown that the presence of fractures and residues decrease the intensity of the photocuring units. Furthermore, we indicate that a periodic control of the lightcuring units is necessary to prevent future problems in oral treatments.

Nowadays there are several methods of applying carbamide and hydrogen peroxide for use in dental whitening, this literature investigation tried to determine which is the best option. Objective: To compare through a literature review the efficacy of tooth color and sensitivity produced by hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. Method: The databases used were PUBMED, Scopus and Web of Science. The search method was TOOTH WHITENING AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles were obtained for this literature review. Result: According to the analyzed studies, it Lizbeth Eliana Salazar García Página 2 Estefanía Alexandra González Chimbo was found that all lightening agents improve the color appearance of dental structures. In most studies tooth sensitivity was present; however, carbamide peroxide produces less sensitivity. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide like carbamide peroxide are effective in producing a discoloration of teeth. In darker teeth the treatment is more effective regardless of the lightening agent used. On the other hand, the sensitivity is lower when carbamide peroxide is applied

The luminous intensity is important for the activation of photosensitive biomaterials and its minimum value is 400mW/cm2. The most common lamps are Halogen and LED. The presence of fractures or residues of biomaterials on their optical fiber can affect their light intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was 366 units, the type of lamp, trademark, model, presence or absence of fractures and residues of biomaterials on optical fiber was determined. The dental radiometer Bluephase Meter II, determined the diameter of the fiber and the light intensity. The data obtained was analyzed with the IBM SPSS Stadistics version 23 program. RESULTS: 67.2% had adequate intensity and 32.8% inadequate. In addition, 19.1% were halogen lamps and 80.9% LED. In contrast, 64.7% of units had optical fiber with a diameter of 8 mm; 15.6% of 9 mm; 12% of 10 mm; 2.2% of 11mm and 5.5% of 12mm. In addition, 78.7% did not have fiber optic fractures, but 21.3% did. Finally, 55.5% had residues of dental biomaterials on the optical fiber and 44.5% were free of them. CONCLUSIONS: 32.8% of devices had intensities lower than 400 mW / cm2, with a higher percentage of halogen lamps than LEDs. The optical fibers with diameters of 8 and 9 mm, represented the highest percentages. The light intensity can be affected by the presence of fractures or residues of dental biomaterials on the optical fiber

The diagnosis of caries in dentistry poses a permanent challenge for the professional, taking into account the high prevalence of this pathology. AIM: To evaluate the knowledge about the criteria of the International Caries Detection System (ICDAS) in the students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study which was held in the period from April 2017 to August 2017. The study involved 223 students who have passed the Preventive and Social Dentistry II course until the period of September 2016 - January 2017. A questionnaire was drawn up validated in a pilot study, which was executed in order to verify its correctness operation, as well as the storage of data. The questionnaire was made on a virtual page, which stored the results within a database for the necessary statistical analyzes. RESULTS: Of the 223 students who answered the survey, 2.24% were knowledgeable about the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), 44.84% identify it; 37.67% are unaware of this system and 15.25% are totally unaware of it. CONCLUSION: Most students surveyed do not know the ICDAS System.

The permanent first molar (PFM) appears at early ages and because of the lack of information from the parents about the presence of this tooth, it becomes one of the most affected by caries and therefore more restored. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PFM restorations in patients ages 6 to 14 years old, who were treated in the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca from January 2012 to August 2016. Materials and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was done, where 881 clinical records were analyzed that met the inclusion criteria. Results: A prevalence of restorations was found in the PFM of 58.8%, the most restored tooth was the 3.6 with 43.7%, the most restored surface was the occlusal with a 33.12%, the female patients presented a higher prevalence of restorations with 55.79%, in addition, it was observed that at an older age there is an increase in the prevalence of restorations. Conclusions: The prevalence of restorations in the PFM is high in our area and it can cause the loss of teeth at early ages negatively influencing the quality of the children’s lives

OBJETIVE: Determine the prevalence of partial edentulism according to Kennedy's class in patients who attended the clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca during the periods 2012-2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive and observational study was carried out. A total of 206 clinical histories were evaluated through the Kennedy classification, of which 63 were men and 143 were women between the ages of 20 and 80 who received treatment at the clinic. The Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca that consist of the archive area between the periods 2012-2016. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of class III was observed with 57.8%, followed by class II 13.1%, while class I was 8.3% and class IV was 0.5%, and there was no association between sex and the type of arcade affected by edentulism. CONCLUSIONS: In the present investigation it was determined that Kennedy's class III is more frequent.