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Aquest article es basa en un cas d’estudi realitzat amb joves de 16 a 18 anys en el marc del projecte europeu Horizon 2020 «Educational Common Spaces. Passing through enclosures and reversing inequalities» (SMOOTH). Partint de la recerca acció participativa, es fa ús d’eines audiovisuals per potenciar les capacitats participatives i col·laborativesdels joves, buscant que siguin protagonistes i coinvestigadors del treball (Alberich, 2008). Donar el control de l’elaboració del producte audiovisual empodera alhora que situa en una posició d’igualtat els joves respecte als investigadors., This article is based on a case study carried out with young people aged 16 to 18 within the framework of the European Project Horizon 2020 “Educational Common Spaces. Passing through enclosures and reversing inequalities” (SMOOTH). Based on the participatory action research approach, it makes use of audiovisual tools to enhance the participatory and collaborative capacities of the group, seeking to make its members the protagonists and co-investigators of the study (Alberich, 2008). Giving them control of the development of the audiovisual product empowers young people while placing them in a position of equality with respect to researchers.&nbsp, Este artículo se basa en un caso de estudio realizado con jóvenes de 16 a 18 años en el marco del proyecto europeo Horizon 2020 «Educational Common Spaces. Passing through enclosures and reversing inequalities» (SMOOTH).1 Partiendo de la investigaciónacción participativa, se hace uso de herramientas audiovisuales para potenciar lascapacidades participativas y colaborativas de los jóvenes, buscando que sean protagonistas y coinvestigadores del trabajo (Alberich, 2008). Dar el control de la elaboración del producto audiovisual empodera a la vez que sitúa en una posición de igualdad a los jóvenes con respecto a los investigadores.

La población mundial se enfrenta a multitud de desafíos como el cambio climático, la desnaturalización de las ciudades, el incremento de los riesgos naturales, etc. Ante estos desafíos los investigadores han estudiado, elaborado y llevado a la práctica medidas de mitigación más resilientes frente a estos riesgos. Primero surgieron medidas centradas en sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible (SUDS) y a partir del año 2000 las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SBN). El objetivo principal de esta investigación ha sido establecer el estado del arte de la investigación científica sobre SUDS y SBN frente a inundaciones en España en el año 2022 y el presente. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis bibliométrico teniendo como referencia las bases de datos SCOPUS. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han localizado en el litoral mediterráneo español por su alta vulnerabilidad, peligrosidad y exposición frente al riesgo de inundación y al cambio climático. Éste estudio muestra un auge en la implantación de SBN híbridas (combinación de infraestructura verde, gris o azul) que recogen y combinan todas las posibles medidas de mitigación (SUDS, GI, etc.) potenciando sus beneficios. Aunque el enfoque de las SBN todavía está por madurar, ya que son un término aún por asentarse oficialmente., The world's population is facing a multitude of challenges such as climate change, the denaturing of cities, increasing natural hazards, etc. In the face of these challenges, researchers have studied, developed and implemented more resilient mitigation measures against these risks. First came measures focusing on sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) and from 2000 onwards, nature-based solutions (NBS). The main objective of this research has been to establish the state of the art of scientific research on SUDS and SBN against floods in Spain in the year 2022 and the present. To this end, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using the SCOPUS databases as a reference. Most of the research has been located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast due to its high vulnerability, hazard and exposure to flood risk and climate change. This study shows a boom in the implementation of hybrid SBNs (combination of green, grey or blue infrastructure) that collect and combine all possible mitigation measures (SUDS, GI, etc.) enhancing their benefits. Although the SBN approach is still to mature, as it is a term yet to be officially established.

Las inundaciones son el fenómeno más recurrente a nivel mundial y el que más pérdidas económicas y humanas ocasiona, sobre todo en países subdesarrollados. La solución clásica que siempre se ha adoptado, con el fin de solucionar los problemas de inundación, han sido las infraestructuras grises, como el encauzamiento de arterias fluviales, presas y diques de contención en las secciones transversales de los ríos, modificando así la dinámica fluvial natural. En las últimas décadas se está experimentando un cambio de paradigma, ya que se ha observado que las medidas rígidas no siempre son la mejor opción para interactuar con el medio natural. Por ello, las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SBN) están tomando protagonismo en la gestión de las inundaciones, por ser soluciones sostenibles con capacidad para aumentar la resiliencia de la sociedad frente a las inundaciones. Debido a que este enfoque siempre ha ido vinculado a los medios urbanos, y se ha dejado en el olvido la problemática existente en zonas agropecuarias, nace el interés de conocer qué propuestas y soluciones sostenibles basadas en la naturaleza se están poniendo en marcha para mitigar los problemas de inundación en la agricultura y la ganadería.

This article presents the results obtained from the experience of the case study developed with and by young people from AEI Raval within the framework of a European project in which the Department of Communication of the Pompeu Fabra University participates. The process of creating two audiovisual pieces produced by young people that emerge from the application of participatory audiovisual methodologies in the framework of Participatory Action Research is analyzed. In this way, the emphasis is placed on the contribution of the audiovisual participatory methodology as a powerful resource for people to think from a collective perspective, problematize themselves as a social group and build discourses from criticism and resistance to the system.  For this, the theoretical and methodological foundations that have guided the application of the case study are reviewed, the work stages are described in detail and the results and conclusions raise questions to reflect on for future approaches in the application of the methodology, especially with groups in vulnerable contexts., Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir de  la experiencia del caso de estudio desarrollado con y por  jóvenes de AEI Raval en el marco de un proyecto europeo en el que participa el Departamento de Comunicación de la  Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Se analiza el proceso de creación de dos piezas audiovisuales producidas por los y las jóvenes que emergen a partir de la aplicación de metodologías audiovisuales participativas en el marco de la Investigación Acción Participativa. De este modo se pone el énfasis en el aporte de la metodología participativa audiovisual como un potente recurso para que las personas se piensen desde la colectividad, se problematicen como grupo social y construyan discursos desde la crítica y resistencia al sistema. Para ello se hace recorrido por los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que han guiado la aplicación del caso de estudio, se describe minuciosamente las etapas de trabajo y se plantean en los resultados y conclusiones cuestiones a reflexionar para futuros abordajes en la aplicación de la metodología, especialmente con colectivos en contextos vulnerables., Este artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir da experiência do estudo de caso desenvolvido com e por jovens da AEI Raval no âmbito de um projeto europeu do qual participa o Departamento de Comunicação da Universidade Pompeu Fabra. Analisa-se o processo de criação de duas peças audiovisuais produzidas por jovens que emergem da aplicação de metodologias audiovisuais participativas no âmbito da Pesquisa-Ação Participativa. Dessa forma, a ênfase é colocada na contribuição da metodologia participativa audiovisual como um recurso poderoso para que as pessoas pensem a partir da comunidade, se problematizem como grupo social e construam discursos de crítica e resistência ao sistema. Para isso, são revistos os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos que nortearam a aplicação do estudo de caso, as etapas do trabalho são descritas detalhadamente e os resultados e conclusões levantam questões para refletir para futuras abordagens na aplicação da metodologia, especialmente com grupos em contextos vulneráveis., Este artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir da experiência do estudo de caso desenvolvido com e por jovens da AEI Raval no âmbito de um projeto europeu do qual participa o Departamento de Comunicação da Universidade Pompeu Fabra. Analisa-se o processo de criação de duas peças audiovisuais produzidas por jovens que emergem da aplicação de metodologias audiovisuais participativas no âmbito da Pesquisa-Ação Participativa. Dessa forma, a ênfase é colocada na contribuição da metodologia participativa audiovisual como um recurso poderoso para que as pessoas pensem a partir da comunidade, se problematizem como grupo social e construam discursos de crítica e resistência ao sistema. Para isso, são revistos os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos que nortearam a aplicação do estudo de caso, as etapas do trabalho são descritas detalhadamente e os resultados e conclusões levantam questões para refletir para futuras abordagens na aplicação da metodologia, especialmente com grupos em contextos vulneráveis.

Las inundaciones y sequías son cada vez más frecuentes y virulentas en el sureste del Mediterráneo español, causando elevados daños económicos. En esta zona geográfica se localiza Callosa de Segura (ámbito de estudio), una ciudad donde estos riesgos naturales se ven agravados por el cambio climático y el asentamiento inadecuado de la población sobre un abanico aluvial activo. Las medidas de mitigación implantadas por los callosinos para hacer frente a las inundaciones no están en buen mantenimiento, siendo insuficientes. Una vez detectados estos problemas se ha determinado la peligrosidad de inundación real del casco urbano de Callosa de Segura, mediante una modelización hidráulica-hidrológica a través del programa HEC-RAS. Tras este estudio se ha propuesto un conjunto de medidas de mitigación en las zonas del municipio con mayor riesgo de inundación. Todas ellas enfocadas en SUDS, SBN y recuperación de los usos tradicionales que pueden hacer resiliente a la población callosina, no solo, frente a las inundaciones sino a las sequías, debido a su multifuncionalidad.

The study of executive functions in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with the parents' perspective source, allows to characterize these processes in daily context where the individual develops and faces different problems. The general objective of this research was to describe ASD children and adolescents’ executive function profile, according to parents, in the specialized centers Kawallu and the Asociación de Familias por el Autismo del Azuay, in the city of Cuenca, in the period 2020-2021. The approach of the work was quantitative, with descriptive scope, based on a non-experimental and crosssectional design. A total of 30 children and adolescents between 5 and 16 years old were included, using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function BRIEF-2, which was answered by participants’ parents. The findings suggest that all the EF domains where clinically significant impaired and the highest percentage was found for “Flexibility”, “Working Memory” and “Initiate”. The main Index was Emotional Regulation Index with a clinically significant mean. To conclude the investigation, it is acknowledge that on average the TEA group has deficits in executive functioning, as observed by parents.

Procedimiento para obtener un hidrolizado enzimático a partir de semillas sobremaduras de uva y uso del mismo. La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento basado en la hidrólisis enzimática en medio básico de la fracción proteica de semillas de uva sobremaduras para la obtención un hidrolizado enzimático natural de peso molecular variable. La presente invención también se refiere al hidrolizado enzimático obtenido por dicho procedimiento y al uso del mismo como estabilizante del color en vinos tintos.

With the purpose of modulating the copigmentation equilibria of red wines, an environmentally sustainable process was performed based on post-fermentative addition of overripe seeds (OS). Simple (SW) and double (DW) addition were performed to produce different enrichment of phenolics from seeds, hence different copigmentation/polymerization ratios. The determination of the phenolic composition showed different global increases in OS-macerates wines (catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and procyanidins B1 and B2). The double post-maceration (DW) was more effective than the simple post-maceration addition to improve the phenolic structure of wines. The application of Differential Tristimulus Colorimetry could assess the effects of this practice on the color characteristics and stability of wines. Results highlighted that both simple and double assays underwent colorimetric improvements against the control wines (CW, no seeds addition). DW led to the highest chromatic stability, showing lower lightness, higher chroma values and bluish hues than CW. This color difference was visually detectable. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Reproduction and moulting are costly events in birds. Some studies have pointed out the possibility that the immune response is optimized and traded off against such costly functions. Moreover, it is also known that stressful conditions may lead to the suppression of immune functions. As reproduction and moulting do not overlap in penguins, they offer a good opportunity to explore the relationships between immunity and both events. Our aim is to compare physiological stress and immunity between breeding and moulting in the Chinstrap Penguin. Considering the large amount of energy expended during breeding and the almost total inactivity during moulting and the immunosuppression caused by stress, it is expected that the Chinstrap Penguin shows a higher degree of stress during breeding and that immunological capacity was lower in this life stage. As a measure of stress, we examined the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. To account for an overall measure of the immunological status, we measured cellular immunity (total leukocyte count and the response to phytohaemagglutinin) and humoral immunity (immunoglobulin levels). All measures were taken in both breeding and moulting penguins. Our results showed that breeding was more stressful than moulting in the Chinstrap Penguin. Immunological differences between the two physiological activities showed a complex picture as cellular immunity values were higher during moulting and humoral immunity values were higher during breeding. Differences were also found between sexes with males showing higher levels of stress than females and lower values of total leukocyte count.

Intestinal parasitosis are frequent diseases, especially affecting child population. The most effective diagnosis is with a coprological examination. In Ecuador, and particularly in Girón, a high prevalence of childhood intestinal parasitosis is known, directly related to the consumption of unpurified water and poor hygiene habits. GENERAL OBJECTIVE. To establish the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children of ages from 2 to 11 years old who come to be treated at the Girón-Azuay Hospital. METHODOLOGY. A cross-sectional descriptive study. The universe consisted of 34 boys and 54 girls of ages between 2 and 11 years old who were treated at the Hospital in a period of time of two months. The coproparasitary examination was performed in the Hospital Laboratory. The results obtained were analyzed and tabulated according to coproparasitary examination variables, age, sex, number of parasites, and type of parasite using SPSS software v23.0 Spanish and Excel 2010, represented in the corresponding tables. RESULTS. The 54.50% of the children treated at the Hospital for two months presented parasitism. The group of the women presented a higher frequency (51.14%), the school age group (6 to 11 years old) was the predominant one (57.95%). The type of parasite with the highest prevalence was Protozoa (89.58%). The 87.50% of the population in question claims that they wash their food. The 58.0% stated that the water they consume is tubed. The 60.0% have a hand washing frequency of 3 times a day. The 67.0% have a sanitary service with sewerage. CONCLUSIONS. In the child population that came to be treated at the Giron Hospital, intestinal parasitism was observed in more than half, predominating the female sex of the school age group. This is linked to the lack of water purification, hygiene habits, and food laundering and health infrastructure

Obesity is associated with structural and functional alterations in brain areas that are often functionally distinct and anatomically distant. This suggests that obesity is associated with differences in functional connectivity of regions distributed across the brain. However, studies addressing whole brain functional connectivity in obesity remain scarce. Here, we compared voxel-wise degree centrality and eigenvector centrality between participants with obesity (n=20) and normal-weight controls (n=21). We analyzed resting state and task-related fMRI data acquired from the same individuals. Relative to normal-weight controls, participants with obesity exhibited reduced degree centrality in the right middle frontal gyrus in the resting-state condition. During the task fMRI condition, obese participants exhibited less degree centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus and the lateral occipital cortex along with reduced eigenvector centrality in the lateral occipital cortex and occipital pole. Our results highlight the central role of the middle frontal gyrus in the pathophysiology of obesity, a structure involved in several brain circuits signaling attention, executive functions and motor functions. Additionally, our analysis suggests the existence of task-dependent reduced centrality in occipital areas; regions with a role in perceptual processes and that are profoundly modulated by attention.

Obesity is associated with structural and functional alterations in brain areas that are often functionally distinct and anatomically distant. This suggests that obesity is associated with differences in functional connectivity of regions distributed across the brain. However, studies addressing whole brain functional connectivity in obesity remain scarce. Here, we compared voxel-wise degree centrality and eigenvector centrality between participants with obesity (n=20) and normal-weight controls (n=21). We analyzed resting state and task-related fMRI data acquired from the same individuals. Relative to normal-weight controls, participants with obesity exhibited reduced degree centrality in the right middle frontal gyrus in the resting-state condition. During the task fMRI condition, obese participants exhibited less degree centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus and the lateral occipital cortex along with reduced eigenvector centrality in the lateral occipital cortex and occipital pole. Our results highlight the central role of the middle frontal gyrus in the pathophysiology of obesity, a structure involved in several brain circuits signaling attention, executive functions and motor functions. Additionally, our analysis suggests the existence of task-dependent reduced centrality in occipital areas; regions with a role in perceptual processes and that are profoundly modulated by attention.

Pollutants and toxic contaminants produced in all parts of the world are transported to remote regions including Antarctica. Tourism, research, and fishing activities on this continent are another source of contamination. Toxic substances affect Antarctic species, and some produced genomic damage to the fauna. The genetic damage can be detected by microscopic observation of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs). We counted the number of ENAs in seven populations of three Pygoscelid penguin species, Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica), and Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and found important differences among species exposed to the same conditions. ENAs were more frequent in Adélie penguins than in the other two species. Inter-population comparisons within species showed remarkable differences in Adélie and Chinstrap penguins but not in Gentoo penguin. Frequency of ENAs in Adélie penguins was the highest in Yalour Island population, intermediate in King George Island population, and the lowest in Torgersen Island and Avian Island populations. In Chinstrap penguins, the highest number of ENAs was found on Deception Island, and significant differences were found only between Deception Island and King George Island populations. This information will provide baseline data to be used for assessing the evolution of genomic damage of penguins along the Antarctic Peninsula in the future.