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Prangos munzurensis A.Duran, Lyskov & Paksoy sp. nova (Figs. 1–8). Type: — TURKEY. B7 Tunceli: Ovacık, Munzur mountain, Karagöl vicinity, 39°25’11’’N 39°06’49’’E, 2400 m, limestone places, 06 August 2015, A . Duran 10735 & Paksoy (holotype: HUB, isotypes: MW barcodes MW0595757, MW0595758). Prangos munzurensis is closely related to P. heyniae, P. abieticola, and P. denticulata. It differs from P. heyniae in leaves size (23–30 × 18–27 cm vs. 15–25 × 8–12 cm), number of rays (16–20 vs. 5–13), number of bracts (7–10 vs. 5–6) and its length (12–20 mm vs. 5–10 mm), hairiness of petals (puberulous vs. glabrous), length of ultimate leaf segments (10–30 mm vs. 2–3 mm), mericarps shape and size (elliptic or ovate, 11–15 × 5–7 mm vs. broadly ellipsoid to globular, 12–20 mm × 12–15 mm). Prangos munzurensis differs from P. abieticola in stem length (70–100 cm vs. 40–50 cm), ultimate leaf segments length (10–30 mm vs. 5–7 mm), number of rays (16–20 vs. 8–12), number of bracts (7–10 vs. 5–6), hairiness of petals (puberulous vs. glabrous), mericarps shape and size (elliptic or ovate, 11–15 × 5–7 mm vs. oblong to ellipsoid, 20–25 × 10–15 mm). Prangos munzurensis differs from P. denticulata in ultimate leaf segments length (10–30 mm vs. 7–12 mm), hairiness of petals (puberulous vs. glabrous), mericarps shape and size (elliptic or ovate, 11–15 × 5–7 mm vs. elliptic, 13–15 × 8 mm). Polycarpic, herbaceous plants with thick taproot 30–35 mm ⌀. Stems erect, 70–100(–130) cm tall and up to c. 20 mm ⌀ at base, single or several, plump, angular, slightly ribbed, entirely scabrous, with branches directed from all nodes, covered with remains of petioles and sheaths. Basal leaves forming rosette; petioles up to 12 cm long, with developed sheaths at base, minutely scabrous; leaf blades 23–30 cm long, 18–27 cm wide, triangular or rhombic, 4–6 times pinnate, ±densely scabrous; primary leaf segments with petiolules up to 5 cm long; terminal lobes 1–3 cm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, close to filiform, acute. Stem leaves significantly smaller than basal ones, with narrow sheaths 15–17 mm long, 2–3 times pinnate, with subfiliform leaf lobes up to 5 cm long; terminal umbels up to 15 cm ⌀, with 16–20 thickened, scabrous, sometimes unequal rays 4–7 cm long; number of bracts 7–10, lanceolate-filiform, with white margins, scabridulous at base, up to 2 cm long. Umbellets up to 5 cm ⌀, consisting of 8–12 flowers with unequal pedicels slightly thickened, 9–13 mm long, terete, sparsely scabridulous; number of bracteoles 4–5, linear, entire, with white margins, up to 1 cm long. Calyx teeth obscure. Petals yellow, lanceolate, with narrow, long, declinate top, puberulous, up to 1.5 mm long. Mericarps elliptic or ovate (Figs. 1–3), 11–15 × 5–7 mm; carpophore bifurcate to base; mericarps homomorphic, elliptic, glabrous; only primary ribs present; all ribs straight or slightly undulate, with entire margins, subequal, short protuberance at their base; furrows between ribs narrow, outgrowths absent; stylopods flat or slightly concave; commissure intermediate, exocarp consisting of small cells; mesocarp divided into outer “epimesocarp” and inner mesocarp; inner mesocarp divided into 5 parts, basal parts connected at base; “epimesocarp” consisting of parenchymatous, non-lignified cells; inner mesocarp layer consisting of parenchymatous cells with thickened pore walls; vascular bundles thin, situated in inner mesocarp layer; vittae thin, multiple, near endocarp forming cycle, vallecular and commissural vittae absent; rib of secretory ducts solitary; endocarp and seed coat consisting of small cells, hardly separated; endosperm with mushroom-like groove at commissural side. Paratypes:— TURKEY. B7 Tunceli: Munzur Dağ, above Ovacık, 2300 m, 19 July 1957, Davis & Hedge 31400 (W barcode W 1972-0007302). Tunceli: Ovacık, Munzur Mountain, Harami valley, 39°26’15’’N 39°16’33’’E, 1800– 1900 m, 09 June 2021, sloping limestone places, A. Duran 10811 & Paksoy (HUB). Tunceli: Pülümür, Salördek village, Kadı waterfall vicinity, 39°22’33’’N 39°52’10’’E, 1600-1700 m, 05 June 2021, sloping limestone places, A. Duran 10812 & Paksoy (HUB). Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species—the Munzur Mountains. The Turkish name of the new species was suggested as “munzur çakşırı” (Menemen et al. 2016). Phenology:— Flowering in June and July; fruiting in August and September. Distribution and ecology:— The new species is endemic to the Munzur valley (Ovacık, Tunceli), east Anatolia (Fig. 7). The Munzur Mountains are a botanically important area located between the provinces of Erzincan and Tunceli in East Anatolia in B7 grid square and are placed in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region (Yıldırımlı 1995). The range of the Munzur mountains is one of the centers of plant endemism in Turkey and is located on the Anatolian diagonal (Ekim et al. 2000). Several new species have been described from this region, including Aethionema munzurense Davis & Yıldırımlı in Davis (1988: 232), Tanacetum munzurdaghensis Yıldırımlı (1989: 39), Cerasus erzincanica Yıldırımlı (1993: 115), Pimpinella tunceliana Yıldırımlı (2010: 10), Smyrniopsis munzurdaghensis Yıldırımlı (2010: 13), Campanula ovacikensis Yıldırımlı (2010: 57), Allium erzincanicum Özhatay & Kandemir (2014: 51). The area is characterized by a wide range of landforms such as plateau and hills in an elevation ranging from 850 m to 3462 m above sea level. The major vegetation forms in the area are steppe, forest, mountain rocks and wetland types. Prangos munzurensis grows on dry, rocky limestone slopes. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list category:— Prangos munzurensis is known only from three sites of the Munzur Mountains that can be considered three locations according to IUCN (2019). Area of occupancy is smaller than 500 km 2. The Harami valley and Pülümür populations have been subjected to systematic overgrazing which lead to the reduction in the number of plants. The number of flowering individuals in each subpopulation is less than 130. Because of all these factors the species should be considered endangered (EN B2a,b) according to the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2019)., Published as part of Lyskov, Dmitry, Duran, Ahmet, Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz & Samigullin, Tahir, 2022, Prangos munzurensis (Apiaceae), a new species from East Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 57-70 in Phytotaxa 560 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7031203, {"references":["Menemen, Y., Aytac, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Turkce bilimsel bitki adlari yonergesi. Bagbahce Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1 - 3. [In Turkish]","Yildirimli, S. (1995) Flora of Munzur Daglari (Erzincan-Tunceli). Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2 (1): 1 - 78.","Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytac, Z. & Adiguzel, N. (2000) Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Pteridophyta & Spermatophyta). Turkiye Tabiatini Koruma Dernegi & Van Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi, Ankara, 246 pp.","Yildirimli, S. (1989) Munzur Daglarinin yeni, ilginc ve tukenen turleri. Hacettepe Fen ve Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 10: 39 - 47. [In Turkish]","Yildirimli, S. (1993) Cerasus erzincanica (Rosaceae), a new species from Turkey. Candollea 48 (1): 115 - 118.","Yildirimli, S. (2010) Some new taxa, records and taxonomic treatments from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 17 (2): 1 - 114.","Ozhatay, N. & Kandemir, A. (2014) Allium erzincanicum sect. Allium: Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi ' nden yeni bir Sogan Allium L. turu. Bagbahce Bilim Dergisi 1 (2): 50 - 58. [In Turkish]","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 14. Avaible from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 24 May 2021)."]}

Four new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycosides (1-4), 4 alpha-hydroxy-guai-1(10)-en-12,8 alpha-olide 2 beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4 alpha-hydroxy-guai-1(10)-en-12,8 alpha-olide 2 beta-O-(6'-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 10 alpha-hydroxy-guai-1(2)-en-12,8 alpha-olide 4 alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 10 alpha-hydroxy-guai-12,8 alpha-olide 4 beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) and three known guaiane-type sesquiterpenes (5-7), 4 alpha,6 alpha-dihydroxy-1 beta,5 alpha,7 alpha H-guaia-9(10),11(13)-dien-12,8 alpha-olide (5), 6 alpha-acetoxy-4 alpha-hydroxy-1 beta H-guaia-9(10),11(13)-dien-12,8 alpha-olide (6), and 4 beta-10 alpha-Dihydroxy-5 alpha-guai-1(2),11(13)-dien-12,8 alpha-olide (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC) Boiss. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis in combination with MS experiments.

In this study, we performed a genetic diversityusing RAPD markers for some Dittrichiaviscosa populations grown in the Aydın region of Turkey. Total genomic DNAisolation from the leaves of Dittrichiaviscosa was performed using commercial kit. eight RAPD primers were used todetermine genetic diversity among populations. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all DNA samplesand primers with ability of scoreing Band. PCR products were run in agarose geland visualized under UV light. They scored as there were bands (1) and no bands(0) at all gel images and their files were created. A total of 50 characterswere obtained from the primers. Phylogenetic relationships and geneticdistances between the cultivars were calculated by using the PAUP 4.0b10* analysis program.According to the PAUP data, the closest genetic distance was determined 0.20000and between Merkez and İncirliova populations, the most distant geneticdistance were determined 0.64000 between Koçarlı and Çakmar, İncirliova andKoçarlı populations. In the phylogenetic analysis has been obtained using UPGMAalgorithms and phylogenetic tree consist of two clades. The results alsopropose that RAPD markers are useful tools for indicating genetic relationshipsamong Dittrichia viscosa populations., Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Aydın bölgesinde yayılışgösteren Dittrichia viscosapopülasyonlarının RAPD markırları kullanılarak genetik çeşitliliğigerçekleştirilmiştir. Dittrichia viscosaörneklerinin yapraklarından genomik DNA izolasyonu ticari kit kullanılarakgerçekleştirildi. Sekiz adet RAPD primeri popülasyonlar arasındaki genetikçeşitliliği belirlemek için kullanılmıştır Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu, DNA örnekleri ve primerler kullanılarakgerçekleştirildi. PCR ürünleri agaroz jel elektroforezinde yürütülüp, UV ışığıaltında görüntülendi. Tüm jel görüntüleri incelenmiş olup polimorfik bantlarınvarlığı ve yokluğu 0 ve 1 olarak skorlandı. Primerlerden toplam 50 karakterelde edildi. Popülasyonlar arasındaki filogenetik ağaç ve genetik uzaklıklarPAUP 0 4.0b10 analiz programı kullanılarak hesaplandı. PAUP analizine göre, enyakın genetik mesafe 0.20000 değer ile Merkez ve İncirliova popülasyonlarıarasında iken, en uzak genetik mesafe 0.64000 değer ile Koçarlı ve Çakmar,İncirliova ve Koçarlı popülasyonları arasında çıkmıştır. Filogenetik ağaç UPGMAalgoritması kullanılarak elde edilmiş olup, ağaç iki kladdan oluşmuştur. Sonuçlar,RAPD markırlarının Dittrichia viscosapopülasyonları arasındaki genetik ilişkileri göstermek için yararlı araçlar olduğunuöne sürmektedir.

This study identified not only the wild plants collected for food purposes by local people of Karaisalı County in the Mediterranean Region, but also the uses and local names of these plants. Field study was carried out over a period of approximately 2 years (2008–2010). During this period, 76 vascular plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of participants, vernacular plant names, edible parts and utilization methods of the plants were investigated and recorded. In the scope of the study, the plant species were collected; herbarium materials were prepared; and the specimens were entitled. In addition, the use-value of the species was determined and was calculated for the food plants included in the study. A total of 76 food plants belonging to 30 families were identified in the region. The most common families are: Asteraceae (12 plants), Lamiaceae (10 plants), Rosaceae (9 plants), Polygonaceae (5 plants), Apiaceae (4 plants). The study showed that the plants used are either eaten raw or ripe, cooked as vegetable dish, consumed as jam, consumed as coffee, as spice, frying in oil or baked to be served as dishes such as stew, pie made by roasting the leaves, prepared sour souce is added to food. During this ethnobotanical research, it was verified that wild edible plants play an important role in diet in Karaisalı. We examined whether the plants used had literature records or not. Varied usages of a number of plants have been recorded for the first time by us. Tree of those plant are endemic. The plant flora of Karaisalı is threatened by such factors as grazing, expansion of new agricultural lands, and unsustainable picking of plants to generate income. Steps should be taken immediately to ensure the inclusion of relevant flora within conservation designations.

Thegenus Dittrichia (Asteraceae),described by Greuter as a small genus, was previously known as a part of Inulaand has a widespread Mediterranean distribution, marginally penetrating in theAtlantic European territories and in Middle East. The essential oil chemical compositions were derived from thegenus Dittrichia L. plants wereexamined in the present study. Thestudy material, Dittrichia viscosa(L). Greuter and Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuterwere collected West Anatolian (Aydın/Turkey) ecological conditions inSeptember-October 2015. Essential oils of the leaves were extracted byClevenger apparatus. Essential oil compositions were determined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) device. Theresults from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that theobtained levo-bornyl acetate from D.graveolens was with the highest percentage (25.23%). The2,4-dioxo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl pyrido[2,3-b]-[1,4]pyrazine in D. viscosa was with the highestpercentage (29.02%)., Küçük bir cins olarakGreuter tarafından tanımlanan Dittrichia (Asteraceae)cinsi, önceden Inula’nın bir bölümü olarak biliniyordu ve Atlantik Avrupaülkelerinde, Ortadoğu ve Akdeniz bölgesinde yayılış göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Dittrichia cinsine ait bitkilerdenelde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşimi incelenmiştir. Çalışma materyali Dittrichia viscosa (L). Greuter ve Dittrichia graveolens (L.)Greuter Eylül-Ekim 2015 tarihinde Batı Anadolu (Aydın/Türkiye) ekolojikkoşullarında toplanmıştır. Yaprakların uçucu yağları Clevenger cihazıylaekstrakte edildi. Esansiyel yağ bileşimleri Gaz Kromatografisi-KütleSpektrometresi (GC-MS) cihazı ile belirlendi. Gaz kromatografisi-kütlespektrometresi analizinin sonuçları, D.graveolens bitkisinden elde edilen uçucu yağda levo-bornyl acetate enyüksek düzeyde (% 25.23) olduğunu gösterdi. D.viscosa bitkisinde ise 2,4-diokso-3-metil-6-izopropil pirido [2,3-b]- [1,4]pirazin en yüksek düzeyde (% 29.02) olduğu belirlendi.

Bu çalışma kapsamında Asteraceae familyasına dahil endemik bir tür olan Tanacetum zahlbruckneri (Náb.) Grierson bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarından hazırlanan metanol ekstresinin DPPH● , ABTS●+ radikallerini süpürücü aktivitesi ve β-karoten-linoleik asitle oksidasyon yöntemi ile antioksidan aktiviteleri, Folin– Ciocalteu yöntemiyle toplam fenol, flavonit ve flavonol içeriği incelenmiştir. Metanol ekstresinden sıvı-sıvı partisyon yöntemiyle n-hekzan, dietil eter, diklorometan ve n- butanol ekstreleri hazırlanmış, n-butanol ekstresinden çeşitli kromatografik yöntemler kullanılarak, klorojenik asit (1), rutin (2) ve konduritol F (3) izole edilmiştir. Elde edilen bileşiklerin yapıları spektroskopik yöntemler (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR, MS) kullanılarak aydınlatılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Konduritol F Tanacetum türlerinden ilk defa izole edilmiştir. Klorojenik asit ve rutinin bitkinin metanol ekstresindeki kantitatif tayini Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı Kromatografisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzole edilen bileşiklerin antioksidan aktiviteleri ölçülmüş ve klorojenik asitin aktivitesi, rutin ve metanol ekstresinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur., In the current study, antioxidant activity of methanol extract prepared from Tanacetum zahlbruckneri (Asteraceae) was studied with DPPH●, ABTS+ radical scavenging and beta-carotene-linoleic acid cooxidation assays. Total phenol, flavonoid and flavonol contents of extracts were determined with Folin- Ciocalteu method. n-Hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and n-butanol extracts were prepared from methanol extract with solvent partitioning and chlorogenic acid, rutin and conduritol F were isolated from n-BuOH extract with various chromatographic methods. Structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D- NMR spectroscopic analysis in combination with IR, MS experiments. Conduritol F was isolated for the first time from Tanacetum species. Quantitative analyses of chlorogenic acid and rutin in MEOH extract were determined with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities of isolated compounds were studied and chlorogenic acid was found to be more active than rutin and methanol extract.

Asteraceae familyası dünyada en büyük familyalardan olup, yaklaşık olarak 1535 cins ve 23.000 türden oluşmaktadır. Anacyclus cinsi, Asteraceae familyasına ait olup, bazı türleri içerdikleri flavonoidler ve terpenoidler sebebiyle halk tarafından tbbi amaçlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye de yayılış gösteren Asteraceae familyasına ait Anacyclus cinsinin türlerinin toprak ekolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması üzerine yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye de Anacyclus cinsinin 4 türünün yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu türler, Anacyclus anatolicus, A. clavatus, A. nigellifolius ve A. latealatus. Bu türlerden A. anatolicus ve A. latealatus türleri endemiktir. Alınan toprak örneklerinde; pH, saturasyon, toplam tuz, organik madde, kireç, fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, demir, mangan, çinko ve bakır değerlerine bakılmıştır. Toprak analiz sonuçlarına göre; türlerin genellikle killi-tınlı tekstürlü, pH olarak nötr ya da hafif alkali, kireç bakımından fazla kireçli, organik madde bakımından orta seviye ve az seviyeli, fosfor bakımından yüksek ve orta seviyeli, potasyum bakımından yüksek, tuz içeriği bakımından, çok tuzlu, az tuzlu ve tuzsuz, kalsiyumca fazla, magnezyum bakımından fazla ve yeterli, demir bakımından fazla, orta ve az, mangan ve bakır bakımından yeterli, çinko bakımından fazla ve az toprakları tercih ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu türlerin toprak özellikleri ve ekolojik özelliklerinin bilinmesiyle kültüre alma işlemlerine katkı sağlayarak tıbbi değeri olan türlerin ülkemizde değerlendirilmesine faydası olacaktır, The family Asteraceae, largest known plant family in the world, which comprises approximately 23.000 species in 1535 genera. Anacyclus genus is in the Asteraceae family and some of its species are used for medical purposes by people because of flavonoids and terpenoids they contain. This study was conducted on the soil-ecological characteristics of species of Anacyclus genus belonging to Asteraceae family which spreads across Turkey. It was determined within the study that 4 species of Anacyclus genus spread across Turkey. Anacyclus anatolicus Behçet & Almanar, A. clavatus (Desf). Pers., A. nigellifolius Boiss. A. latealatus Hub.-Mor. Of these species, A. anatolicus and A. latealatus species are endemic to Turkey. As soil some phsico-chemical properties; pH, saturation, total salt, organic substance, lime, phosphor, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper values were analysed. As a result of soil; it was observed that the species generally preferred soils with clayey-loamy texture, neutral or slightly alkaline soils in terms of pH, highly limy soils in terms of lime, mid-level or low-level soils in terms of organic substances, high-level or mid-level soils in terms of phosphorus, high soils in terms of potassium, highly salty, slightly salty and saltless soils in terms of saltiness, rich-in-calcium soils, abundant and sufficient soils in terms of magnesium, high-level, mid-level and low-level soils in terms of iron, sufficient soils in terms of manganese and copper and high-level and low-level soils in terms of zinc. As a result, by contributing to cultivation activities with the knowledge of ecological characteristics and soil structure of these species, can put the species with medical value to good use in our country.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the essential oil composition of two Grammosciadium species obtained by hydrodistillationMethods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of two species was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: In G. platycarpum, twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 99.3 % of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were limonene (28.4 %), β-pinene (16.1 %), β-selinene (15.9 %), δ- 3-carene (11.2 %), α-farnesene (6.0 %) and p - cymene (4.7 %). The oil of G. macrodon contained thirty-seven components representing 94.4 % of the total oil, with caryophyllene oxide (15.9 %), germacrene - D (12.4 %), β-caryophyllene (11.5 %), δ-3 - carene (10.1 %) and cyclohexane (4.6 %) as the main constituents.Conclusion: The essential oil composition of G. macrodon was analysed for the first time, the most abundant constituents being caryophyllene oxide, and cyclohexane.Keywords: Grammosciadium macrodon, Grammosciadium platycarpum, Essential oil, Limonene, Caryophyllene oxide, Germacrene - D, β-Caryophyllene, δ-3-Carene

Bu araştırma, Pozantı Dağı'nın florasını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bölgeden 1994-1996 yılları arasında yaklaşık 1800 bitki örneği toplanmış olup 77 familya ve 355 cinse ait 854 takson tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alanında 2 takson Pteridophyta ve 852 takson Magnoliophyta divisiosuna aittir. Mevcut taksonlardan 165'i endemik olup endemizm oranı %19,3'dür. Taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımları şöyledir; Iran-Turan elementleri %28.5, Akdeniz elementleri %18.8 ve Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri %5.5'dir., This research was carried out to determine the flora of PozantıMountain. As a result of the examination of aproximtely 1800 plants specimens collected from the area, between 1994-1996, 854 taxa that belong to 77 families and 355 genera was determined. Two taxa belong to Pteridophyta 852 taxa belong to Magnoliophyta divisio.The 165 of the total taxa are endemic to Turkey and the rate of endemism is 19.3%. The phytogeographic elements are represented as follows; Irano-Turanian 28.5%, Mediterranean 18.8% and Euro-Siberian 5.5%.