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1. Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C

Author

Guntipalli, P, primary, Pakala, R, additional, Kumari Gara, S, additional, Ahmed, F, additional, Bhatnagar, A, additional, Endaya Coronel, M.-K., additional, Razzack, A.A., additional, Solimando, A.G., additional, Thompson, A, additional, Andrews, K, additional, Enebong Nya, G, additional, Ahmed, S, additional, Ranaldo, R, additional, Cozzolongo, R, additional, and Shahini, E, additional

Published
2021
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2. DEGRO 2004: 10. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie

Author

Wendt, Thomas G., Gademann, G., Pambor, C., Grießbach, I., von Specht, H., Martin, T., Baltas, D., Kurek, R., Röddiger, S., Tunn, U. W., Zamboglou, N., Eich, H. T., Staar, S., Gossmann, A., Hansemann, K., Semrau, R., Skripnitchenko, R., Diehl, V., Müller, R.-P., Sehlen, S., Willich, N., Rühl, U., Lukas, P., Dühmke, E., Engel, K., Tabbert, E., Bolck, M., Knaack, S., Annweiler, H., Krempien, R., Hoppe, H., Harms, W., Daeuber, S., Schorr, O., Treiber, M., Debus, J., Alber, M., Paulsen, F., Birkner, M., Bakai, A., Belka, C., Budach, W., Grosser, K.-H., Kramer, R., Kober, B., Reinert, M., Schneider, P., Hertel, A., Feldmann, H., Csere, P., Hoinkis, C., Rothe, G., Zahn, P., Alheit, H., Cavanaugh, S. X., Kupelian, P., Reddy, C., Pollock, B., Fuss, M., Roeddiger, S., Dannenberg, T., Rogge, B., Drechsler, D., Herrmann, T., Alberti, W., Schwarz, R., Graefen, M., Krüll, A., Rudat, V., Huland, H., Fehr, C., Baum, C., Glocker, S., Nüsslin, F., Heil, T., Lemnitzer, H., Knips, M., Baumgart, O., Thiem, W., Kloetzer, K.-H., Hoffmann, L., Neu, B., Hültenschmidt, B., Sautter-Bihl, M.-L., Micke, O., Seegenschmiedt, M. H., Köppen, D., Klautke, G., Fietkau, R., Schultze, J., Schlichting, G., Koltze, H., Kimmig, B., Glatzel, M., Fröhlich, D., Bäsecke, S., Krauß, A., Strauß, D., Buth, K.-J., Böhme, R., Oehler, W., Bottke, D., Keilholz, U., Heufelder, K., Wiegel, T., Hinkelbein, W., Rödel, C., Papadopoulos, T., Munnes, M., Wirtz, R., Sauer, R., Rödel, F., Lubgan, D., Distel, L., Grabenbauer, G. G., Sak, A., Stüben, G., Pöttgen, C., Grehl, S., Stuschke, M., Müller, K., Pfaffendorf, C., Mayerhofer, A., Köhn, F. M., Ring, J., van Beuningen, D., Meineke, V., Neubauer, S., Keller, U., Wittlinger, M., Riesenbeck, D., Greve, B., Exeler, R., Ibrahim, M., Liebscher, C., Severin, E., Ott, O., Pötter, R., Hammer, J., Hildebrandt, G., Beckmann, M. W., Strnad, V., Fehlauer, F., Tribius, S., Bajrovic, A., Höller, U., Rades, D., Warszawski, A., Baumann, R., Madry-Gevecke, B., Karstens, J. H., Grehn, C., Hensley, F., Berns, C., Wannenmacher, M., Semrau, S., Reimer, T., Gerber, B., Ketterer, P., Koepcke, E., Hänsgen, G., Strauß, H. G., Dunst, J., Füller, J., Kalb, S., Wendt, T., Weitmann, H. D., Waldhäusl, C., Knocke, T.-H., Lamprecht, U., Classen, J., Kaulich, T. W., Aydeniz, B., Bamberg, M., Wiezorek, T., Banz, N., Salz, H., Scheithauer, M., Schwedas, M., Lutterbach, J., Bartelt, S., Frommhold, H., Lambert, J., Hornung, D., Swiderski, S., Walke, M., Siefert, A., Pöllinger, B., Krimmel, K., Schaffer, M., Koelbl, O., Bratengeier, K., Vordermark, D., Flentje, M., Hero, B., Berthold, F., Combs, S. E., Gutwein, S., Schulz-Ertner, D., van Kampen, M., Thilmann, C., Kocher, M., Kunze, S., Schild, S., Ikezaki, K., Müller, B., Sieber, R., Weiß, C., Wolf, I., Wenz, F., Weber, K.-J., Schäfer, J., Engling, A., Laufs, S., Veldwijk, M. R., Milanovic, D., Fleckenstein, K., Zeller, W., Fruehauf, S., Herskind, C., Weinmann, M., Jendrossek, V., Rübe, C., Appold, S., Kusche, S., Hölscher, T., Brüchner, K., Geyer, P., Baumann, M., Kumpf, R., Zimmermann, F., Schill, S., Geinitz, H., Nieder, C., Jeremic, B., Molls, M., Liesenfeld, S., Petrat, H., Hesselmann, S., Schäfer, U., Bruns, F., Horst, E., Wilkowski, R., Assmann, G., Nolte, A., Diebold, J., Löhrs, U., Fritz, P., Hans-Jürgen, K., Mühlnickel, W., Bach, P., Wahlers, B., Kraus, H.-J., Wulf, J., Hädinger, U., Baier, K., Krieger, T., Müller, G., Hof, H., Herfarth, K., Brunner, T., Hahn, S. M., Schreiber, F. S., Rustgi, A. K., McKenna, W. G., Bernhard, E. J., Guckenberger, M., Meyer, K., Willner, J., Schmidt, M., Kolb, M., Li, M., Gong, P., Abdollahi, A., Trinh, T., Huber, P. E., Christiansen, H., Saile, B., Neubauer-Saile, K., Tippelt, S., Rave-Fränk, M., Hermann, R. M., Dudas, J., Hess, C. F., Schmidberger, H., Ramadori, G., Andratschke, N., Price, R., Ang, K.-K., Schwarz, S., Kulka, U., Busch, M., Schlenger, L., Bohsung, J., Eichwurzel, I., Matnjani, G., Sandrock, D., Richter, M., Wurm, R., Budach, V., Feussner, A., Gellermann, J., Jordan, A., Scholz, R., Gneveckow, U., Maier-Hauff, K., Ullrich, R., Wust, P., Felix, R., Waldöfner, N., Seebass, M., Ochel, H.-J., Dani, A., Varkonyi, A., Osvath, M., Szasz, A., Messer, P. M., Blumstein, N. M., Gottfried, H.-W., Schneider, E., Reske, S. N., Röttinger, E. M., Grosu, A.-L., Franz, M., Stärk, S., Weber, W., Heintz, M., Indenkämpen, F., Beyer, T., Lübcke, W., Levegrün, S., Hayen, J., Czech, N., Mbarek, B., Köster, R., Thurmann, H., Todorovic, M., Schuchert, A., Meinertz, T., Münzel, T., Grundtke, H., Hornig, B., Hehr, T., Dilcher, C., Chan, R. C., Mintz, G. S., Kotani, J.-I., Shah, V. M., Canos, D. A., Weissman, N. J., Waksman, R., Wolfram, R., Bürger, B., Schrappe, M., Timmermann, B., Lomax, A., Goitein, G., Schuck, A., Mattke, A., Int-Veen, C., Brecht, I., Bernhard, S., Treuner, J., Koscielniak, E., Heinze, F., Kuhlen, M., von Schorlemer, I., Ahrens, S., Hunold, A., Könemann, S., Winkelmann, W., Jürgens, H., Gerstein, J., Polivka, B., Sykora, K.-W., Bremer, M., Thamm, R., Höpfner, C., Gumprecht, H., Jäger, R., Leonardi, M. A., Frank, A. M., Trappe, A. E., Lumenta, C. B., Östreicher, E., Pinsker, K., Müller, A., Fauser, C., Arnold, W., Henzel, M., Groß, M. W., Engenhart-Cabillic, R., Schüller, P., Palkovic, S., Schröder, J., Wassmann, H., Block, A., Bauer, R., Keffel, F.-W., Theophil, B., Wisser, L., Rogger, M., Niewald, M., van Lengen, V., Mathias, K., Welzel, G., Bohrer, M., Steinvorth, S., Schleußner, C., Leppert, K., Röhrig, B., Strauß, B., van Oorschot, B., Köhler, N., Anselm, R., Winzer, A., Schneider, T., Koch, U., Schönekaes, K., Mücke, R., Büntzel, J., Kisters, K., Scholz, C., Keller, M., Winkler, C., Prause, N., Busch, R., Roth, S., Haas, I., Willers, R., Schultze-Mosgau, S., Wiltfang, J., Kessler, P., Neukam, F. W., Röper, B., Nüse, N., Auer, F., Melzner, W., Geiger, M., Lotter, M., Kuhnt, T., Müller, A. C., Jirsak, N., Gernhardt, C., Schaller, H.-G., Al-Nawas, B., Klein, M. O., Ludwig, C., Körholz, J., Grötz, K. A., Huppers, K., Kunkel, M., Olschewski, T., Bajor, K., Lang, B., Lang, E., Kraus-Tiefenbacher, U., Hofheinz, R., von Gerstenberg-Helldorf, B., Willeke, F., Hochhaus, A., Roebel, M., Oertel, S., Riedl, S., Buechler, M., Foitzik, T., Ludwig, K., Klar, E., Meyer, A., Meier zu Eissen, J., Schwab, D., Meyer, T., Höcht, S., Siegmann, A., Sieker, F., Pigorsch, S., Milicic, B., Acimovic, L., Milisavljevic, S., Radosavljevic-Asic, G., Presselt, N., Baum, R. P., Treutler, D., Bonnet, R., Schmücking, M., Sammour, D., Fink, T., Ficker, J., Pradier, O., Lederer, K., Weiss, E., Hille, A., Welz, S., Sepe, S., Friedel, G., Spengler, W., Susanne, E., Kölbl, O., Hoffmann, W., Wörmann, B., Günther, A., Becker-Schiebe, M., Güttler, J., Schul, C., Nitsche, M., Körner, M. K., Oppenkowski, R., Guntrum, F., Malaimare, L., Raub, M., Schöfl, C., Averbeck, T., Hacker, I., Blank, H., Böhme, C., Imhoff, D., Eberlein, K., Weidauer, S., Böttcher, H. D., Edler, L., Tatagiba, M., Molina, H., Ostertag, C., Milker-Zabel, S., Zabel, A., Schlegel, W., Hartmann, A., Wildfang, I., Kleinert, G., Hamm, K., Reuschel, W., Wehrmann, R., Kneschaurek, P., Münter, M. W., Nikoghosyan, A., Didinger, B., Nill, S., Rhein, B., Küstner, D., Schalldach, U., Eßer, D., Göbel, H., Wördehoff, H., Pachmann, S., Hollenhorst, H., Dederer, K., Evers, C., Lamprecht, J., Dastbaz, A., Schick, B., Fleckenstein, J., Plinkert, P. K., Rübe, Chr., Merz, T., Sommer, B., Mencl, A., Ghilescu, V., Astner, S., Martin, A., Momm, F., Volegova-Neher, N. J., Schulte-Mönting, J., Guttenberger, R., Buchali, A., Blank, E., Sidow, D., Huhnt, W., Gorbatov, T., Heinecke, A., Beckmann, G., Bentia, A.-M., Schmitz, H., Spahn, U., Heyl, V., Prott, P.-J., Galalae, R., Schneider, R., Voith, C., Scheda, A., Hermann, B., Bauer, L., Melchert, F., Kröger, N., Grüneisen, A., Jänicke, F., Zander, A., Zuna, I., Schlöcker, I., Wagner, K., John, E., Dörk, T., Lochhas, G., Houf, M., Lorenz, D., Link, K.-H., Prott, F.-J., Thoma, M., Schauer, R., Heinemann, V., Romano, M., Reiner, M., Quanz, A., Oppitz, U., Bahrehmand, R., Tine, M., Naszaly, A., Patonay, P., Mayer, Á., Markert, K., Mai, S.-K., Lohr, F., Dobler, B., Pinkawa, M., Fischedick, K., Treusacher, P., Cengiz, D., Mager, R., Borchers, H., Jakse, G., Eble, M. J., Asadpour, B., Krenkel, B., Holy, R., Kaplan, Y., Block, T., Czempiel, H., Haverkamp, U., Prümer, B., Christian, T., Benkel, P., Weber, C., Gruber, S., Reimann, P., Blumberg, J., Krause, K., Fischedick, A.-R., Kaube, K., Steckler, K., Henzel, B., Licht, N., Loch, T., Krystek, A., Lilienthal, A., Alfia, H., Claßen, J., Spillner, P., Knutzen, B., Souchon, R., Schulz, I., Grüschow, K., Küchenmeister, U., Vogel, H., Wolff, D., Ramm, U., Licner, J., Rudolf, F., Moog, J., Rahl, C. G., Mose, S., Vorwerk, H., Weiß, E., Engert, A., Seufert, I., Schwab, F., Dahlke, J., Zabelina, T., Krüger, W., Kabisch, H., Platz, V., Wolf, J., Pfistner, B., Stieltjes, B., Wilhelm, T., Schmuecking, M., Junker, K., Treutier, D., Schneider, C. P., Leonhardi, J., Niesen, A., Hoeffken, K., Schmidt, A., Mueller, K.-M., Schmid, I., Lehmann, K., Blumstein, C. G., Kreienberg, R., Freudenberg, L., Kühl, H., Stahl, M., Elo, B., Erichsen, P., Stattaus, H., Welzel, T., Mende, U., Heiland, S., Salter, B. J., Schmid, R., Stratakis, D., Huber, R. M., Haferanke, J., Zöller, N., Henke, M., Lorenzen, J., Grzyska, B., Kuhlmey, A., Adam, G., Hamelmann, V., Bölling, T., Job, H., Panke, J. E., Feyer, P., Püttmann, S., Siekmeyer, B., Jung, H., Gagel, B., Militz, U., Piroth, M., Schmachtenberg, A., Hoelscher, T., Verfaillie, C., Kaminski, B., Lücke, E., Mörtel, H., Eyrich, W., Fritsch, M., Georgi, J.-C., Plathow, C., Zieher, H., Kiessling, F., Peschke, P., Kauczor, H.-U., Licher, J., Schneider, O., Henschler, R., Seidel, C., Kolkmeyer, A., Nguyen, T. P., Janke, K., Michaelis, M., Bischof, M., Stoffregen, C., Lipson, K., Weber, K., Ehemann, V., Jürgen, D., Achanta, P., Thompson, K., Martinez, J. L., Körschgen, T., Pakala, R., Pinnow, E., Hellinga, D., O’Tio, F., Katzer, A., Kaffer, A., Kuechler, A., Steinkirchner, S., Dettmar, N., Cordes, N., Frick, S., Kappler, M., Taubert, H., Bartel, F., Schmidt, H., Bache, M., Frühauf, S., Wenk, T., Litzenberger, K., Erren, M., van Valen, F., Liu, L., Yang, K., Palm, J., Püsken, M., Behe, M., Behr, T. M., Marini, P., Johne, A., Claussen, U., Liehr, T., Steil, V., Moustakis, C., Griessbach, I., Oettel, A., Schaal, C., Reinhold, M., Strasssmann, G., Braun, I., Vacha, P., Richter, D., Osterham, T., Wolf, P., Guenther, G., Miemietz, M., Lazaridis, E. A., Forthuber, B., Sure, M., Klein, J., Saleske, H., Riedel, T., Hirnle, P., Horstmann, G., Schoepgens, H., Van Eck, A., Bundschuh, O., Van Oosterhut, A., Xydis, K., Theodorou, K., Kappas, C., Zurheide, J., Fridtjof, N., Ganswindt, U., Weidner, N., Buchgeister, M., Weigel, B., Müller, S. B., Glashörster, M., Weining, C., Hentschel, B., Sauer, O. A., Kleen, W., Beck, J., Lehmann, D., Ley, S., Fink, C., Puderbach, M., Hosch, W., Schmähl, A., Jung, K., Stoßberg, A., Rolf, E., Damrau, M., Oetzel, D., Maurer, U., Maurer, G., Lang, K., Zumbe, J., Hahm, D., Fees, H., Robrandt, B., Melcher, U., Niemeyer, M., Mondry, A., Kanellopoulos-Niemeyer, V., Karle, H., Jacob-Heutmann, D., Born, C., Mohr, W., Kutzner, J., Thelen, M., Schiebe, M., Pinkert, U., Piasswilm, L., Pohl, F., Garbe, S., Wolf, K., Nour, Y., Barwig, P., Trog, D., Schäfer, C., Herbst, M., Dietl, B., Cartes, M., Schroeder, F., Sigingan-Tek, G., Feierabend, R., Theden, S., Schlieck, A., Gotthardt, M., Glowalla, U., Kremp, S., Hamid, O., Riefenstahl, N., Michaelis, B., Schaal, G., Liebermeister, E., Niewöhner-Desbordes, U., Kowalski, M., Franz, N., Stahl, W., Baumbach, C., Thale, J., Wagner, W., Justus, B., Huston, A. L., Seaborn, R., Rai, P., Rha, S.-W., Sakas, G., Wesarg, S., Zogal, P., Schwald, B., Seibert, H., Berndt-Skorka, R., Seifert, G., Schoenekaes, K., Bilecen, C., Ito, W., Matschuck, G., and Isik, D.

Published
2004
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12. DEGRO 2004

Author

Wendt, Thomas G., primary, Gademann, G., additional, Pambor, C., additional, Grießbach, I., additional, von Specht, H., additional, Martin, T., additional, Baltas, D., additional, Kurek, R., additional, Röddiger, S., additional, Tunn, U. W., additional, Zamboglou, N., additional, Eich, H. T., additional, Staar, S., additional, Gossmann, A., additional, Hansemann, K., additional, Semrau, R., additional, Skripnitchenko, R., additional, Diehl, V., additional, Müller, R.-P., additional, Sehlen, S., additional, Willich, N., additional, Rühl, U., additional, Lukas, P., additional, Dühmke, E., additional, Engel, K., additional, Tabbert, E., additional, Bolck, M., additional, Knaack, S., additional, Annweiler, H., additional, Krempien, R., additional, Hoppe, H., additional, Harms, W., additional, Daeuber, S., additional, Schorr, O., additional, Treiber, M., additional, Debus, J., additional, Alber, M., additional, Paulsen, F., additional, Birkner, M., additional, Bakai, A., additional, Belka, C., additional, Budach, W., additional, Grosser, K.-H., additional, Kramer, R., additional, Kober, B., additional, Reinert, M., additional, Schneider, P., additional, Hertel, A., additional, Feldmann, H., additional, Csere, P., additional, Hoinkis, C., additional, Rothe, G., additional, Zahn, P., additional, Alheit, H., additional, Cavanaugh, S. X., additional, Kupelian, P., additional, Reddy, C., additional, Pollock, B., additional, Fuss, M., additional, Roeddiger, S., additional, Dannenberg, T., additional, Rogge, B., additional, Drechsler, D., additional, Herrmann, T., additional, Alberti, W., additional, Schwarz, R., additional, Graefen, M., additional, Krüll, A., additional, Rudat, V., additional, Huland, H., additional, Fehr, C., additional, Baum, C., additional, Glocker, S., additional, Nüsslin, F., additional, Heil, T., additional, Lemnitzer, H., additional, Knips, M., additional, Baumgart, O., additional, Thiem, W., additional, Kloetzer, K.-H., additional, Hoffmann, L., additional, Neu, B., additional, Hültenschmidt, B., additional, Sautter-Bihl, M.-L., additional, Micke, O., additional, Seegenschmiedt, M. H., additional, Köppen, D., additional, Klautke, G., additional, Fietkau, R., additional, Schultze, J., additional, Schlichting, G., additional, Koltze, H., additional, Kimmig, B., additional, Glatzel, M., additional, Fröhlich, D., additional, Bäsecke, S., additional, Krauß, A., additional, Strauß, D., additional, Buth, K.-J., additional, Böhme, R., additional, Oehler, W., additional, Bottke, D., additional, Keilholz, U., additional, Heufelder, K., additional, Wiegel, T., additional, Hinkelbein, W., additional, Rödel, C., additional, Papadopoulos, T., additional, Munnes, M., additional, Wirtz, R., additional, Sauer, R., additional, Rödel, F., additional, Lubgan, D., additional, Distel, L., additional, Grabenbauer, G. G., additional, Sak, A., additional, Stüben, G., additional, Pöttgen, C., additional, Grehl, S., additional, Stuschke, M., additional, Müller, K., additional, Pfaffendorf, C., additional, Mayerhofer, A., additional, Köhn, F. M., additional, Ring, J., additional, van Beuningen, D., additional, Meineke, V., additional, Neubauer, S., additional, Keller, U., additional, Wittlinger, M., additional, Riesenbeck, D., additional, Greve, B., additional, Exeler, R., additional, Ibrahim, M., additional, Liebscher, C., additional, Severin, E., additional, Ott, O., additional, Pötter, R., additional, Hammer, J., additional, Hildebrandt, G., additional, Beckmann, M. W., additional, Strnad, V., additional, Fehlauer, F., additional, Tribius, S., additional, Bajrovic, A., additional, Höller, U., additional, Rades, D., additional, Warszawski, A., additional, Baumann, R., additional, Madry-Gevecke, B., additional, Karstens, J. H., additional, Grehn, C., additional, Hensley, F., additional, Berns, C., additional, Wannenmacher, M., additional, Semrau, S., additional, Reimer, T., additional, Gerber, B., additional, Ketterer, P., additional, Koepcke, E., additional, Hänsgen, G., additional, Strauß, H. G., additional, Dunst, J., additional, Füller, J., additional, Kalb, S., additional, Wendt, T., additional, Weitmann, H. D., additional, Waldhäusl, C., additional, Knocke, T.-H., additional, Lamprecht, U., additional, Classen, J., additional, Kaulich, T. W., additional, Aydeniz, B., additional, Bamberg, M., additional, Wiezorek, T., additional, Banz, N., additional, Salz, H., additional, Scheithauer, M., additional, Schwedas, M., additional, Lutterbach, J., additional, Bartelt, S., additional, Frommhold, H., additional, Lambert, J., additional, Hornung, D., additional, Swiderski, S., additional, Walke, M., additional, Siefert, A., additional, Pöllinger, B., additional, Krimmel, K., additional, Schaffer, M., additional, Koelbl, O., additional, Bratengeier, K., additional, Vordermark, D., additional, Flentje, M., additional, Hero, B., additional, Berthold, F., additional, Combs, S. E., additional, Gutwein, S., additional, Schulz-Ertner, D., additional, van Kampen, M., additional, Thilmann, C., additional, Kocher, M., additional, Kunze, S., additional, Schild, S., additional, Ikezaki, K., additional, Müller, B., additional, Sieber, R., additional, Weiß, C., additional, Wolf, I., additional, Wenz, F., additional, Weber, K.-J., additional, Schäfer, J., additional, Engling, A., additional, Laufs, S., additional, Veldwijk, M. R., additional, Milanovic, D., additional, Fleckenstein, K., additional, Zeller, W., additional, Fruehauf, S., additional, Herskind, C., additional, Weinmann, M., additional, Jendrossek, V., additional, Rübe, C., additional, Appold, S., additional, Kusche, S., additional, Hölscher, T., additional, Brüchner, K., additional, Geyer, P., additional, Baumann, M., additional, Kumpf, R., additional, Zimmermann, F., additional, Schill, S., additional, Geinitz, H., additional, Nieder, C., additional, Jeremic, B., additional, Molls, M., additional, Liesenfeld, S., additional, Petrat, H., additional, Hesselmann, S., additional, Schäfer, U., additional, Bruns, F., additional, Horst, E., additional, Wilkowski, R., additional, Assmann, G., additional, Nolte, A., additional, Diebold, J., additional, Löhrs, U., additional, Fritz, P., additional, Hans-Jürgen, K., additional, Mühlnickel, W., additional, Bach, P., additional, Wahlers, B., additional, Kraus, H.-J., additional, Wulf, J., additional, Hädinger, U., additional, Baier, K., additional, Krieger, T., additional, Müller, G., additional, Hof, H., additional, Herfarth, K., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Hahn, S. M., additional, Schreiber, F. S., additional, Rustgi, A. K., additional, McKenna, W. G., additional, Bernhard, E. J., additional, Guckenberger, M., additional, Meyer, K., additional, Willner, J., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Kolb, M., additional, Li, M., additional, Gong, P., additional, Abdollahi, A., additional, Trinh, T., additional, Huber, P. E., additional, Christiansen, H., additional, Saile, B., additional, Neubauer-Saile, K., additional, Tippelt, S., additional, Rave-Fränk, M., additional, Hermann, R. M., additional, Dudas, J., additional, Hess, C. F., additional, Schmidberger, H., additional, Ramadori, G., additional, Andratschke, N., additional, Price, R., additional, Ang, K.-K., additional, Schwarz, S., additional, Kulka, U., additional, Busch, M., additional, Schlenger, L., additional, Bohsung, J., additional, Eichwurzel, I., additional, Matnjani, G., additional, Sandrock, D., additional, Richter, M., additional, Wurm, R., additional, Budach, V., additional, Feussner, A., additional, Gellermann, J., additional, Jordan, A., additional, Scholz, R., additional, Gneveckow, U., additional, Maier-Hauff, K., additional, Ullrich, R., additional, Wust, P., additional, Felix, R., additional, Waldöfner, N., additional, Seebass, M., additional, Ochel, H.-J., additional, Dani, A., additional, Varkonyi, A., additional, Osvath, M., additional, Szasz, A., additional, Messer, P. M., additional, Blumstein, N. M., additional, Gottfried, H.-W., additional, Schneider, E., additional, Reske, S. N., additional, Röttinger, E. M., additional, Grosu, A.-L., additional, Franz, M., additional, Stärk, S., additional, Weber, W., additional, Heintz, M., additional, Indenkämpen, F., additional, Beyer, T., additional, Lübcke, W., additional, Levegrün, S., additional, Hayen, J., additional, Czech, N., additional, Mbarek, B., additional, Köster, R., additional, Thurmann, H., additional, Todorovic, M., additional, Schuchert, A., additional, Meinertz, T., additional, Münzel, T., additional, Grundtke, H., additional, Hornig, B., additional, Hehr, T., additional, Dilcher, C., additional, Chan, R. C., additional, Mintz, G. S., additional, Kotani, J.-I., additional, Shah, V. M., additional, Canos, D. A., additional, Weissman, N. J., additional, Waksman, R., additional, Wolfram, R., additional, Bürger, B., additional, Schrappe, M., additional, Timmermann, B., additional, Lomax, A., additional, Goitein, G., additional, Schuck, A., additional, Mattke, A., additional, Int-Veen, C., additional, Brecht, I., additional, Bernhard, S., additional, Treuner, J., additional, Koscielniak, E., additional, Heinze, F., additional, Kuhlen, M., additional, von Schorlemer, I., additional, Ahrens, S., additional, Hunold, A., additional, Könemann, S., additional, Winkelmann, W., additional, Jürgens, H., additional, Gerstein, J., additional, Polivka, B., additional, Sykora, K.-W., additional, Bremer, M., additional, Thamm, R., additional, Höpfner, C., additional, Gumprecht, H., additional, Jäger, R., additional, Leonardi, M. A., additional, Frank, A. M., additional, Trappe, A. E., additional, Lumenta, C. B., additional, Östreicher, E., additional, Pinsker, K., additional, Müller, A., additional, Fauser, C., additional, Arnold, W., additional, Henzel, M., additional, Groß, M. W., additional, Engenhart-Cabillic, R., additional, Schüller, P., additional, Palkovic, S., additional, Schröder, J., additional, Wassmann, H., additional, Block, A., additional, Bauer, R., additional, Keffel, F.-W., additional, Theophil, B., additional, Wisser, L., additional, Rogger, M., additional, Niewald, M., additional, van Lengen, V., additional, Mathias, K., additional, Welzel, G., additional, Bohrer, M., additional, Steinvorth, S., additional, Schleußner, C., additional, Leppert, K., additional, Röhrig, B., additional, Strauß, B., additional, van Oorschot, B., additional, Köhler, N., additional, Anselm, R., additional, Winzer, A., additional, Schneider, T., additional, Koch, U., additional, Schönekaes, K., additional, Mücke, R., additional, Büntzel, J., additional, Kisters, K., additional, Scholz, C., additional, Keller, M., additional, Winkler, C., additional, Prause, N., additional, Busch, R., additional, Roth, S., additional, Haas, I., additional, Willers, R., additional, Schultze-Mosgau, S., additional, Wiltfang, J., additional, Kessler, P., additional, Neukam, F. W., additional, Röper, B., additional, Nüse, N., additional, Auer, F., additional, Melzner, W., additional, Geiger, M., additional, Lotter, M., additional, Kuhnt, T., additional, Müller, A. C., additional, Jirsak, N., additional, Gernhardt, C., additional, Schaller, H.-G., additional, Al-Nawas, B., additional, Klein, M. O., additional, Ludwig, C., additional, Körholz, J., additional, Grötz, K. A., additional, Huppers, K., additional, Kunkel, M., additional, Olschewski, T., additional, Bajor, K., additional, Lang, B., additional, Lang, E., additional, Kraus-Tiefenbacher, U., additional, Hofheinz, R., additional, von Gerstenberg-Helldorf, B., additional, Willeke, F., additional, Hochhaus, A., additional, Roebel, M., additional, Oertel, S., additional, Riedl, S., additional, Buechler, M., additional, Foitzik, T., additional, Ludwig, K., additional, Klar, E., additional, Meyer, A., additional, Meier zu Eissen, J., additional, Schwab, D., additional, Meyer, T., additional, Höcht, S., additional, Siegmann, A., additional, Sieker, F., additional, Pigorsch, S., additional, Milicic, B., additional, Acimovic, L., additional, Milisavljevic, S., additional, Radosavljevic-Asic, G., additional, Presselt, N., additional, Baum, R. P., additional, Treutler, D., additional, Bonnet, R., additional, Schmücking, M., additional, Sammour, D., additional, Fink, T., additional, Ficker, J., additional, Pradier, O., additional, Lederer, K., additional, Weiss, E., additional, Hille, A., additional, Welz, S., additional, Sepe, S., additional, Friedel, G., additional, Spengler, W., additional, Susanne, E., additional, Kölbl, O., additional, Hoffmann, W., additional, Wörmann, B., additional, Günther, A., additional, Becker-Schiebe, M., additional, Güttler, J., additional, Schul, C., additional, Nitsche, M., additional, Körner, M. K., additional, Oppenkowski, R., additional, Guntrum, F., additional, Malaimare, L., additional, Raub, M., additional, Schöfl, C., additional, Averbeck, T., additional, Hacker, I., additional, Blank, H., additional, Böhme, C., additional, Imhoff, D., additional, Eberlein, K., additional, Weidauer, S., additional, Böttcher, H. D., additional, Edler, L., additional, Tatagiba, M., additional, Molina, H., additional, Ostertag, C., additional, Milker-Zabel, S., additional, Zabel, A., additional, Schlegel, W., additional, Hartmann, A., additional, Wildfang, I., additional, Kleinert, G., additional, Hamm, K., additional, Reuschel, W., additional, Wehrmann, R., additional, Kneschaurek, P., additional, Münter, M. W., additional, Nikoghosyan, A., additional, Didinger, B., additional, Nill, S., additional, Rhein, B., additional, Küstner, D., additional, Schalldach, U., additional, Eßer, D., additional, Göbel, H., additional, Wördehoff, H., additional, Pachmann, S., additional, Hollenhorst, H., additional, Dederer, K., additional, Evers, C., additional, Lamprecht, J., additional, Dastbaz, A., additional, Schick, B., additional, Fleckenstein, J., additional, Plinkert, P. K., additional, Rübe, Chr., additional, Merz, T., additional, Sommer, B., additional, Mencl, A., additional, Ghilescu, V., additional, Astner, S., additional, Martin, A., additional, Momm, F., additional, Volegova-Neher, N. J., additional, Schulte-Mönting, J., additional, Guttenberger, R., additional, Buchali, A., additional, Blank, E., additional, Sidow, D., additional, Huhnt, W., additional, Gorbatov, T., additional, Heinecke, A., additional, Beckmann, G., additional, Bentia, A.-M., additional, Schmitz, H., additional, Spahn, U., additional, Heyl, V., additional, Prott, P.-J., additional, Galalae, R., additional, Schneider, R., additional, Voith, C., additional, Scheda, A., additional, Hermann, B., additional, Bauer, L., additional, Melchert, F., additional, Kröger, N., additional, Grüneisen, A., additional, Jänicke, F., additional, Zander, A., additional, Zuna, I., additional, Schlöcker, I., additional, Wagner, K., additional, John, E., additional, Dörk, T., additional, Lochhas, G., additional, Houf, M., additional, Lorenz, D., additional, Link, K.-H., additional, Prott, F.-J., additional, Thoma, M., additional, Schauer, R., additional, Heinemann, V., additional, Romano, M., additional, Reiner, M., additional, Quanz, A., additional, Oppitz, U., additional, Bahrehmand, R., additional, Tine, M., additional, Naszaly, A., additional, Patonay, P., additional, Mayer, Á., additional, Markert, K., additional, Mai, S.-K., additional, Lohr, F., additional, Dobler, B., additional, Pinkawa, M., additional, Fischedick, K., additional, Treusacher, P., additional, Cengiz, D., additional, Mager, R., additional, Borchers, H., additional, Jakse, G., additional, Eble, M. J., additional, Asadpour, B., additional, Krenkel, B., additional, Holy, R., additional, Kaplan, Y., additional, Block, T., additional, Czempiel, H., additional, Haverkamp, U., additional, Prümer, B., additional, Christian, T., additional, Benkel, P., additional, Weber, C., additional, Gruber, S., additional, Reimann, P., additional, Blumberg, J., additional, Krause, K., additional, Fischedick, A.-R., additional, Kaube, K., additional, Steckler, K., additional, Henzel, B., additional, Licht, N., additional, Loch, T., additional, Krystek, A., additional, Lilienthal, A., additional, Alfia, H., additional, Claßen, J., additional, Spillner, P., additional, Knutzen, B., additional, Souchon, R., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Grüschow, K., additional, Küchenmeister, U., additional, Vogel, H., additional, Wolff, D., additional, Ramm, U., additional, Licner, J., additional, Rudolf, F., additional, Moog, J., additional, Rahl, C. G., additional, Mose, S., additional, Vorwerk, H., additional, Weiß, E., additional, Engert, A., additional, Seufert, I., additional, Schwab, F., additional, Dahlke, J., additional, Zabelina, T., additional, Krüger, W., additional, Kabisch, H., additional, Platz, V., additional, Wolf, J., additional, Pfistner, B., additional, Stieltjes, B., additional, Wilhelm, T., additional, Schmuecking, M., additional, Junker, K., additional, Treutier, D., additional, Schneider, C. P., additional, Leonhardi, J., additional, Niesen, A., additional, Hoeffken, K., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Mueller, K.-M., additional, Schmid, I., additional, Lehmann, K., additional, Blumstein, C. G., additional, Kreienberg, R., additional, Freudenberg, L., additional, Kühl, H., additional, Stahl, M., additional, Elo, B., additional, Erichsen, P., additional, Stattaus, H., additional, Welzel, T., additional, Mende, U., additional, Heiland, S., additional, Salter, B. J., additional, Schmid, R., additional, Stratakis, D., additional, Huber, R. M., additional, Haferanke, J., additional, Zöller, N., additional, Henke, M., additional, Lorenzen, J., additional, Grzyska, B., additional, Kuhlmey, A., additional, Adam, G., additional, Hamelmann, V., additional, Bölling, T., additional, Job, H., additional, Panke, J. E., additional, Feyer, P., additional, Püttmann, S., additional, Siekmeyer, B., additional, Jung, H., additional, Gagel, B., additional, Militz, U., additional, Piroth, M., additional, Schmachtenberg, A., additional, Hoelscher, T., additional, Verfaillie, C., additional, Kaminski, B., additional, Lücke, E., additional, Mörtel, H., additional, Eyrich, W., additional, Fritsch, M., additional, Georgi, J.-C., additional, Plathow, C., additional, Zieher, H., additional, Kiessling, F., additional, Peschke, P., additional, Kauczor, H.-U., additional, Licher, J., additional, Schneider, O., additional, Henschler, R., additional, Seidel, C., additional, Kolkmeyer, A., additional, Nguyen, T. P., additional, Janke, K., additional, Michaelis, M., additional, Bischof, M., additional, Stoffregen, C., additional, Lipson, K., additional, Weber, K., additional, Ehemann, V., additional, Jürgen, D., additional, Achanta, P., additional, Thompson, K., additional, Martinez, J. L., additional, Körschgen, T., additional, Pakala, R., additional, Pinnow, E., additional, Hellinga, D., additional, O’Tio, F., additional, Katzer, A., additional, Kaffer, A., additional, Kuechler, A., additional, Steinkirchner, S., additional, Dettmar, N., additional, Cordes, N., additional, Frick, S., additional, Kappler, M., additional, Taubert, H., additional, Bartel, F., additional, Schmidt, H., additional, Bache, M., additional, Frühauf, S., additional, Wenk, T., additional, Litzenberger, K., additional, Erren, M., additional, van Valen, F., additional, Liu, L., additional, Yang, K., additional, Palm, J., additional, Püsken, M., additional, Behe, M., additional, Behr, T. M., additional, Marini, P., additional, Johne, A., additional, Claussen, U., additional, Liehr, T., additional, Steil, V., additional, Moustakis, C., additional, Griessbach, I., additional, Oettel, A., additional, Schaal, C., additional, Reinhold, M., additional, Strasssmann, G., additional, Braun, I., additional, Vacha, P., additional, Richter, D., additional, Osterham, T., additional, Wolf, P., additional, Guenther, G., additional, Miemietz, M., additional, Lazaridis, E. A., additional, Forthuber, B., additional, Sure, M., additional, Klein, J., additional, Saleske, H., additional, Riedel, T., additional, Hirnle, P., additional, Horstmann, G., additional, Schoepgens, H., additional, Van Eck, A., additional, Bundschuh, O., additional, Van Oosterhut, A., additional, Xydis, K., additional, Theodorou, K., additional, Kappas, C., additional, Zurheide, J., additional, Fridtjof, N., additional, Ganswindt, U., additional, Weidner, N., additional, Buchgeister, M., additional, Weigel, B., additional, Müller, S. B., additional, Glashörster, M., additional, Weining, C., additional, Hentschel, B., additional, Sauer, O. A., additional, Kleen, W., additional, Beck, J., additional, Lehmann, D., additional, Ley, S., additional, Fink, C., additional, Puderbach, M., additional, Hosch, W., additional, Schmähl, A., additional, Jung, K., additional, Stoßberg, A., additional, Rolf, E., additional, Damrau, M., additional, Oetzel, D., additional, Maurer, U., additional, Maurer, G., additional, Lang, K., additional, Zumbe, J., additional, Hahm, D., additional, Fees, H., additional, Robrandt, B., additional, Melcher, U., additional, Niemeyer, M., additional, Mondry, A., additional, Kanellopoulos-Niemeyer, V., additional, Karle, H., additional, Jacob-Heutmann, D., additional, Born, C., additional, Mohr, W., additional, Kutzner, J., additional, Thelen, M., additional, Schiebe, M., additional, Pinkert, U., additional, Piasswilm, L., additional, Pohl, F., additional, Garbe, S., additional, Wolf, K., additional, Nour, Y., additional, Barwig, P., additional, Trog, D., additional, Schäfer, C., additional, Herbst, M., additional, Dietl, B., additional, Cartes, M., additional, Schroeder, F., additional, Sigingan-Tek, G., additional, Feierabend, R., additional, Theden, S., additional, Schlieck, A., additional, Gotthardt, M., additional, Glowalla, U., additional, Kremp, S., additional, Hamid, O., additional, Riefenstahl, N., additional, Michaelis, B., additional, Schaal, G., additional, Liebermeister, E., additional, Niewöhner-Desbordes, U., additional, Kowalski, M., additional, Franz, N., additional, Stahl, W., additional, Baumbach, C., additional, Thale, J., additional, Wagner, W., additional, Justus, B., additional, Huston, A. L., additional, Seaborn, R., additional, Rai, P., additional, Rha, S.-W., additional, Sakas, G., additional, Wesarg, S., additional, Zogal, P., additional, Schwald, B., additional, Seibert, H., additional, Berndt-Skorka, R., additional, Seifert, G., additional, Schoenekaes, K., additional, Bilecen, C., additional, Ito, W., additional, Matschuck, G., additional, and Isik, D., additional

Published
2004
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22. Intracoronary photodynamic therapy reduces neointimal growth without suppressing endothelialisation in a porcine model.

Author

Waksman, R., Leitch, I. M., J. Roessler, Yazdi, H., Seabron, R., Tio, F., Scott, R. W., Grove, R. I., Rychnovsky, S., Robinson, B., Pakala, R., and Cheneau, E.

Subjects
CORONARY restenosis, PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY, SURGICAL stents, TRANSLUMINAL angioplasty, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of intracoronary PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a new photosensitiser, MV0611, in the overstretch balloon and stent porcine models of restenosis. Methods: 28 pigs were injected with 3 mg/kg of MV0611 systemically 4 h before the procedure. Animals were divided into either the balloon overstretch injury (BI) group (n = 19) or the stented group (n = 9). After 81, a centred delivery catheter was positioned in the artery to cover the injured area, and light (532 nm, 125 J/cm²) was applied to activate the drug (n = 10). Control arteries (n = 9) were not activated by light. In the stented group, the drug was light activated before stent deployment. Serial sections of vessels were processed 14 days after treatment in the BI group and 30 days after treatment in the stented group for histomorphometric or immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Intracoronary PDT significantly reduced intimal thickness in both BI and stented arteries (about 65%: 0.22 (SEM 0.05) mm v 0.62 (0.05) mm, p < 0.01; and about 26%: 0.40 (0.04) mm v 0.54 (0.04) mm, p < 0.01, respectively). PDT increased luminal area by ⩽ 60% and 50% within BI and stented arteries (3.43 (0.27) mm² v 5.51 (0.52) mm², p < 0.05; 4.0 (0.02) mm² v 6.0 (0.16) mm², p < 0.01), respectively. Complete re-endothelialisation was observed by immunohistochemical and gross histological analyses in all PDT and control arteries. There were no cases of aneurysm formation or thrombosis. Conclusion: Intracoronary PhotoPoint PDT with MV0611 reduces intimal proliferation without suppressing re-endothelialisatiori in a porcine model of restenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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33. Effect of N1, N12-bis(ethyl)spermine and related compounds on growth and polyamine acetylation, content, and excretion in human colon tumor cells

Author

Pegg, A E, Wechter, R, Pakala, R, and Bergeron, R J

Abstract

Exposure of human colon tumor (HT 29 cells) to N1, N12-bis(ethyl)spermine and analogs produced a rapid loss of intracellular polyamines. This loss was brought about predominantly by an increased excretion of spermidine. N1, N11-Bis(ethyl)norspermine and N1, N12-Bis(ethyl)spermine were potent inducers of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, and this induction facilitated the efflux of polyamines by enhancing the conversion of spermine into spermidine. N1, N14-Bis(ethyl)homospermine, which did not induce spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, also caused the loss of spermidine from the cell but was less effective in bringing about the decline in intracellular spermine. These results indicate that cellular polyamine levels can be regulated by excretion of spermidine and that the bis(ethyl)spermine derivatives deplete intracellular polyamine content by interference with this process.

Published
1989
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38. Radioactive waste minimization implications of clinically indicated exsanguination procedures

Author

Emery, R. J., Charlton, M. A., Costello, R. G., and Pakala, R. B.

Subjects
EUTHANASIA, METHODOLOGY, RADIATION, RADIATION protection, WASTE management, WASTE treatment
Abstract

Exsanguination is a method of animal euthanasia approved for use in specific circumstances. Animals undergoing exsanguination are fully anesthetized, and the blood is removed resulting in hypovolemia. In situations where radioactive materials are used as part of a research protocol that remain predominantly suspended in the blood, the exsanguination procedure can result in a significant lowering of residual radioactivity content. This reduction can greatly affect the types of waste management and minimization options that can be subsequently applied. In this study, data were collected from 20 rabbits injected with approximately 29.6 MBq (0.8 mCi) of tritiated thymidine as part of a percutaneous transluminal carotid artery angioplasty study. Residual concentrations of radioactivity were consistently reduced by an average of 88%. The reduction was very significant in this instance, since the residual activities were below the established exemption limitof 1.85 kBq g-1 (0.05 MuCi g-1) for disposal of these wastes as non-radioactive. Although the exsanguination procedure can result in significant waste minimization opportunities in certain circumstances, this should not be the rationale for its use. Rather, the method of euthanasia should be based exclusively on sound animal care and use principles, and waste management strategies should then be made following that decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

40. The virtual histology intravascular ultrasound appearance of newly placed drug-eluting stents.

Author

Kim S, Mintz GS, Hong Y, Pakala R, Park K, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Suddath WO, Waksman R, Weissman NJ, Kim, Sang-Wook, Mintz, Gary S, Hong, Young-Joon, Pakala, Rajbabu, Park, Kyung-Sook, Pichard, Augusto D, Satler, Lowell F, Kent, Kenneth M, and Suddath, William O

Abstract

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is used before and after intervention and at follow-up to assess the quality of the acute result as well as the long-term effects of stent implantation. Virtual histology (VH) IVUS classifies tissue into fibrous and fibrofatty plaque, dense calcium, and necrotic core. Although most interventional procedures include stent implantation, VH IVUS classification of stent metal has not been validated. In this study, the VH IVUS appearance of acutely implanted stents was assessed in 27 patients (30 lesions). Most stent struts (80%) appeared white (misclassified as "calcium") surrounded by red (misclassified as "necrotic core"); 2% appeared just white, and 17% were not detectable (compared with grayscale IVUS because of the software-imposed gray medial stripe). The rate of "white surrounded by red" was similar over the lengths of the stents; however, undetectable struts were mostly at the distal edges (31%). Quantitatively, including the struts within the regions of interest increased the amount of "calcium" from 0.23 +/- 0.35 to 1.07 +/- 0.66 mm(2) (p <0.0001) and the amount of "necrotic core" from 0.59 +/- 0.65 to 1.31 +/- 0.87 mm(2) (p <0.0001). Most important, because this appearance occurs acutely, it is an artifact, and the red appearance should not be interpreted as peristrut inflammation or necrotic core when it is seen at follow-up. In conclusion, acutely implanted stents have an appearance that can be misclassified by VH IVUS as "calcium with or without necrotic core." It is important not to overinterpret VH IVUS studies of chronically implanted stents when this appearance is observed at follow-up. A separate classification for stent struts is necessary to avoid these misconceptions and misclassifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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41. Rapamycin Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Author

Rajbabu Pakala, Leonardo C. Clavijo, Ron Waksman, Gil Jin Jang, Eugenio Stabile, Pakala, R, Stabile, Eugenio, Jang, Gj, Clavijo, L, and Waksman, R.

Subjects
Apolipoprotein E, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Monocyte chemotaxis, Arteriosclerosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Plaque progression, Biology, Monocytes, Mice, Apolipoproteins E, Angioplasty, medicine, Animals, Inhibitory effect, Aorta, Triglycerides, Mice, Knockout, Sirolimus, Pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Body Weight, Chemokine CXCL12, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Dietary Supplements, Knockout mouse, Disease Progression, Cancer research, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Thickening, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Chemokines, CXC, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract

Rapamycin has been shown to reduce neointimal thickening in the setting of balloon angioplasty and chronic graft vessel disease. This study was designed to test the effect of oral rapamycin on atherosclerotic plaque progression and the possible mechanism involved. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout mice were fed either a diet supplemented with cholesterol or with cholesterol and rapamycin. At 4 and 8 weeks, quantitative analyses of plaque area and macrophage numbers were determined. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and whole-blood rapamycin levels were measured. Rapamycin could be detected in the blood of mice (117+/-7 pg/mL). In mice fed with rapamycin, atherosclerotic lesions covered 22% of the aortic arch as compared with 41% in cholesterol-fed mice. The macrophage count was significantly lower in the rapamycin-fed mice as compared with cholesterol-fed mice. Rapamycin, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited monocyte chemotaxis elicited by stromal cell-derived factor-1. Lesions in the cholesterol-fed mice had complex atherosclerotic plaque with acellular core, cholesterol clefts, and an abundant collection of monocytes/macrophages. Lesions in the rapamycin-fed mice were mainly composed of monocytes/macrophages. Oral rapamycin is effective in slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. Along with its multitude actions, attenuation of monocyte chemotaxis may be one more way by which rapamycin attenuates plaque progression.

Published
2005

42. Peri-Myocarditis as a Dire Consequence of Coronavirus Disease: A Clinical Challenge.

Author

Pakala R, Grewal N, Yi J, and Urooj F

Abstract

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, most commonly caused by viral infections, with other contributing factors including medications or systemic inflammatory conditions. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). In this report, we present a case of fulminant myocarditis in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Fulminant myocarditis is an aggressively progressive and severe variant that can result in substantial cardiac impairment. We present a case of fulminant myocarditis with a unique time course, progression, and potential challenges faced in diagnosis and management. Healthcare providers need to remain vigilant and anticipate the potential rapid progression of this disease., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Pakala et al.)

Published
2024
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43. Brevundimonas diminuta-Induced Lung Abscess in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Rare Case Report.

Author

Hassan MA, Syed F, Singh GP, Pakala R, and Gasmelseed H

Abstract

Lung abscesses caused by Brevundimonas diminuta ( B. diminuta ) are a rare occurrence, particularly in immunocompetent adults. We present the case of a 47-year-old male with a history of COPD, bipolar disorder, and seizure disorder, who presented with a productive cough, worsening shortness of breath, yellow sputum, weight loss, and fatigue over a period of three weeks. Clinical examination revealed decreased breath sounds in the left upper lung zones. Laboratory investigations showed an elevated white cell count, while blood cultures identified B. diminuta . Imaging with computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a 4.2x2.0 cm cavitary lesion consistent with a lung abscess. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Azithromycin, followed by a course of oral Augmentin. Given the size of the abscess and favorable response to antibiotic therapy, invasive procedures were deemed unnecessary. This case underscores the importance of considering unusual pathogens in the etiology of lung abscesses, even in immunocompetent individuals, and highlights the successful management with appropriate antibiotic therapy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Hassan et al.)

Published
2023
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44. Pneumothorax Ex Vacuo: A Rare Complication of PleurX Catheter Insertion.

Author

Syed F, Pakala R, Alam MDU, Singh GP, and Poddar V

Abstract

Pneumothorax ex vacuo (PEV) is a rare type of pneumothorax that occurs when air enters the pleural space in the chest cavity due to an increase in the volume of the lungs or a reduction in the volume of the surrounding lung tissue. Unlike a typical pneumothorax, which involves the collapse of the lung due to air accumulation, pneumothorax ex vacuo occurs when the lung itself cannot expand properly, often due to underlying lung disease or conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis or atelectasis. The mechanism is compensatory to the lung entrapment. PleurX catheter (Pleur-Evac; Teleflex, Wayne, PA, USA) insertion can cause pneumothorax ex vacuo in patients with cancer histories, as shown in this case. It is important to understand if pneumothorax ex vacuo needs observation or quick intervention. Pleural manometry is also an important part of diagnosis of pneumothorax ex vacuo and we discuss that in our case report., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Syed et al.)

Published
2023
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45. A Case of Concurrent Infection With Syphilis and Monkeypox in an Immunosuppressed Individual.

Author

Pakala R, Syed F, Pinelo AC, Singh G, and Gajjala J

Abstract

Monkeypox and syphilis are two distinct infectious diseases that can cause severe health complications in infected patients and can share clinical manifestations, making their simultaneous occurrence challenging to diagnose and manage. Here, we present a case report of a patient with the coinfection of monkeypox and syphilis, highlighting the clinical presentation and treatment considerations. This case underlines the importance of considering coinfections in patients presenting with atypical clinical manifestations and risk factors. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt intervention in managing patients with infectious diseases, particularly when dealing with multiple infections. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the potential for concurrent infections can enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient care in similar challenging cases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Pakala et al.)

Published
2023
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46. Impact of COVID‑19 infection in patients with neurodegenerative diseases with particular focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Author

Guntipalli P, Gara S, Poudel S, Hans A, Usman MA, Dhar D, Pakala R, Shah S, Thapa S, Acharya S, Nedd KJ, and Kara S

Subjects
Pregnancy, Humans, Female, SARS-CoV-2, Vitamin D, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson Disease complications, Parkinson Disease drug therapy, COVID-19, Alzheimer Disease complications
Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) are chronic neurological diseases characterized by loss and/or damage to neurons along with the myelin sheath, and patients are at higher risk of severe infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2. A comprehensive literature search was performed using relevant terms and inclusion‑exclusion criteria. Recent articles, subjects older than 50 years, and articles written in the English language were included, whereas letters to the editor and articles related to pregnant women were excluded from the review study. COVID‑19 appears to damage angiotensin‑II receptors which cause natural killer cells to lose the ability to clear virus‑infected cells, owing to worse outcomes in patients with NDD. COVID‑19 can worsen the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, COVID‑19 worsens drug‑responsive motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other symptoms like fatigue and urinary complaints. Vitamin D is essential in decreasing pro‑inflammatory and increasing anti‑inflammatory cytokines in ongoing COVID‑19 infections and reducing angiotensin receptors and, hence, decreasing COVID‑19 infection severity. Telemedicine shows promise for patients with NDD but is yet to overcome legal issues and personal barriers. COVID‑19 has a significant effect on neurodegenerative conditions, which appears partly to the nature of the NDD and the neuro‑invasive capabilities of the SARS‑CoV‑2. The protective role of vitamin D in patients with NDD further supports this hypothesis. Modifications in current health care, like the telemedicine platform, are required to address the increased risk of serious infection in this population. Further studies will be required to clarify conflicting reports in many fields.

Published
2022
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47. Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C.

Author

Guntipalli P, Pakala R, Kumari Gara S, Ahmed F, Bhatnagar A, Endaya Coronel MK, Razzack AA, Solimando AG, Thompson A, Andrews K, Enebong Nya G, Ahmad S, Ranaldo R, Cozzolongo R, and Shahini E

Subjects
Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Genotype, Hepacivirus genetics, Humans, Prevalence, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic epidemiology, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in major global public health concerns. The HCV infection is unevenly distributed worldwide, with variations in prevalence across and within countries. The studies on molecular epidemiology conducted in several countries provide an essential supplement for a comprehensive knowledge of HCV epidemiology, genotypes, and subtypes, along with providing information on the impact of current and earlier migratory flows. HCV is phylogenetically classified into 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes. HCV genotype and subtype distribution differ according to geographic origin and transmission risk category. Unless people with HCV infection are detected and treated appropriately, the number of deaths due to the disease will continue to increase. In 2015, 1.75 million new viral infections were mostly due to unsafe healthcare procedures and drug use injections. In the same year, access to direct-acting antivirals was challenging and varied in developing and developed countries, affecting HCV cure rates based on their availability. The World Health Assembly, in 2016, approved a global strategy to achieve the elimination of the HCV public health threat by 2030 (by reducing new infections by 90% and deaths by 65%). Globally, countries are implementing policies and measures to eliminate HCV risk based on their distribution of genotypes and prevalence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, (© Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica.)

Published
2021
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48. Comparison of phenobarbitone and ursodeoxycholic acid in drug-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy for excluding the diagnosis of obstructive cholestasis in neonatal cholestasis syndrome.

Author

Malik D, Khan SH, Ali SW, Rather TA, Pakala R, Hassan MU, Yadav N, and Pasupula M

Subjects
Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Biliary Tract diagnostic imaging, Cholestasis diagnostic imaging, Liver diagnostic imaging, Phenobarbital, Radionuclide Imaging methods, Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Abstract

Objectives: Neonatal cholestasis is a common cause of jaundice among newborns. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy plays an important role in the diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis by ruling out extrahepatic biliary atresia, which is one of the common causes. Phenobarbitone and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) have been used to improve the specificity of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in ruling out obstructive causes of neonatal cholestasis syndrome (NCS). The present study was undertaken to compare the utility of phenobarbitone and UDCA in augmenting hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation of NCS., Materials and Methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients with NCS referred for hepatobiliary scintigraphy were initially subjected to a baseline scan. Twenty patients showed tracer activity in the intestine within 24 h after injection, thus ruling out obstructive cholestasis. Fifty-four patients who did not show any tracer activity in the intestine were categorized as nonexcretors. Four nonexcretors were lost to follow-up and were excluded from the study. Fifty nonexcretors showing scan features suggestive of obstructive cholestasis were further randomized into those receiving phenobarbitone (n=20), UDCA (n=20), or placebo (n=10). These groups were further evaluated with drug-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy, after premedication, for any excretory activity in the intestine., Results and Conclusion: Out of 50 patients who were evaluated with drug-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy two patients from the phenobarbitone group and one patient each from UDCA and placebo groups showed a change in excretory pattern from the baseline scan. However, these results were statistically nonsignificant (P=1.00). In the present study, drug-augmented (phenobarbitone or UDCA) hepatobiliary scintigraphy did not seem to improve the results (negative predictive value) for ruling out an obstructive cause of neonatal cholestasis.

Published
2015
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49. Safety and efficacy of everolimus-eluting stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in a diabetic population.

Author

Laynez A, Sardi G, Hauville C, Barbash IM, Pakala R, Torguson R, Xue Z, Satler LF, Pichard AD, and Waksman R

Subjects
Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease mortality, Diabetic Angiopathies diagnosis, Diabetic Angiopathies mortality, Disease-Free Survival, District of Columbia, Everolimus, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Myocardial Infarction etiology, Myocardial Infarction prevention & control, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention adverse effects, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention mortality, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, Predictive Value of Tests, Proportional Hazards Models, Prosthesis Design, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sirolimus administration & dosage, Thrombosis etiology, Thrombosis prevention & control, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Cardiovascular Agents administration & dosage, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Diabetic Angiopathies therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents, Paclitaxel administration & dosage, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention instrumentation, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives
Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the use of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) in an unrestricted diabetic population and to compare the performance of these two drug-eluting stents., Background: EES have demonstrated superiority in efficacy when compared to PES in a general population. However, it is controversial whether this superiority holds true in a diabetic population., Methods: From March 2004 to May 2010, 968 patients with consecutive diabetes who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and implantation of an EES (n = 388) or PES (n = 580) at our institution. In-hospital, 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared. Correlates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were identified., Results: Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between stent types except for more family history of coronary artery disease in the PES group and more insulin-dependent diabetes and unstable angina at initial diagnosis in the EES group. The PES group had higher number of lesions treated, longer stents used, and a higher proportion of intravascular ultrasound and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use. The EES group had more type C and distal lesions. There was higher target lesion revascularization (TLR)-MACE in the PES group (3.3% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.03) as well as a higher rate of stent thrombosis (ST) (8 patients vs. 0 in the EES group, P = 0.03). ST continued to be higher in the PES group at 6 and 12 months and mortality was higher at 12 months in the PES group (9.4% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.02). After adjustment, no significant differences were found between stent types on Cox regression analysis for hazard ratios at 1-year follow-up of TLR-MACE., Conclusions: In a diabetic population undergoing PCI, the use of an EES compared to PES was associated with lower rates of stent thrombosis; but after adjustment the composite TLR-MACE at 1 year was similar between both stents., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2013
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50. Nuisance and alarming bleeding do not correlate with on-treatment platelet reactivity.

Author

Gaglia MA Jr, Torguson R, Pokharel S, Pakala R, Xue Z, Suddath WO, Kent KM, Satler LF, Pichard AD, and Waksman R

Subjects
Aged, Biomarkers blood, Blood Platelets metabolism, Cell Adhesion Molecules blood, Chi-Square Distribution, Clopidogrel, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Microfilament Proteins blood, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins blood, Platelet Aggregation drug effects, Platelet Function Tests, Prasugrel Hydrochloride, Predictive Value of Tests, Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 blood, Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 drug effects, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Ticlopidine adverse effects, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Aspirin adverse effects, Blood Platelets drug effects, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention adverse effects, Piperazines adverse effects, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors adverse effects, Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists adverse effects, Thiophenes adverse effects, Ticlopidine analogs & derivatives
Abstract

Aims: We hypothesized that patients with a history of either alarming or nuisance bleeding events, compared to those with no history of bleeding, would have lower levels of on-treatment platelet reactivity (aspirin and a thienopyridine)., Methods and Results: In total, 42 patients with no bleeding, 34 with nuisance bleeding, and 14 with alarming bleeding underwent platelet reactivity testing 1 month to 1 year after PCI with light transmission aggregometry (LTA 5 and 20 μM adenosine disphosphate [ADP]), vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP) and VerifyNow P2Y12. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the 3 groups were generally similar, except that patients with alarming bleeding were less likely to be Caucasian; only 6 patients (6.7%) were taking prasugrel. There was considerable overlap between no bleeding, nuisance bleeding and alarming bleeding groups with respect to on-treatment platelet reactivity. Furthermore, there was no difference in the median platelet reactivity values for all assays. Prevalence of high on-treatment platelet reactivity did not differ among the 3 groups; 32.6% of patients had high on-treatment platelet reactivity as measured by LTA with 5 μM ADP (P=.91); 40.0% as measured by VASP (P=.35); and 35.6% as measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 (P=.61)., Conclusion: The use of platelet reactivity assays to identify patients on thienopyridine therapy at higher risk of bleeding is an unfounded strategy., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2013
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