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Ruthenium nitride was successfully deposited on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forest grown on a stainless-steel mesh substrate by radiofrequency plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition. This novel dry fabrication method for flexible supercapacitor electrodes eliminates toxic byproducts and the need for any binder component. Experimental results show a successful thin film coating of the individual MWCNTs with RuN x under various synthesis conditions. The electrochemical characterization demonstrates a significant improvement in capacitance of the synthesized RuN x -MWCNT electrode compared to the bare MWCNT forest, with a large potential window of 1.2 V. Capacitance values as high as 818.2 F g -1 (37.9 mF cm -2 ) have been achieved.

In this paper, the experimental design methodology was employed for modeling and optimizing the operational parameters of the photocatalytic degradation of a binary dye solution using a fixed photocatalytic compound. The compound used was modified graphite electrode (GE) with graphene oxide (GO) on which TiO 2 nanoparticles were immobilized. GO nanoparticle was deposited on graphite electrode (GO-GE) using electrochemical approach. TiO 2 nanoparticles were immobilized on GO-GE by solvent evaporation method. A binary solution containing mixture of methylene blue (MB) and acid red 14 (AR14) was chosen as dye model. The degradation intermediates were detected and analyzed using gas chromatography. Effect of different factors on the photocatalytic decolorization efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained results indicated that the prepared TiO 2 -GO-CE can decolorize MB with high efficiency (93.43%) at pH 11, dye concentration of 10 mg/L and 0.04 g of immobilized TiO 2 on the GO fabricated plates after 120 min of photocatalytic process. It was demonstrated that by modifying GE with GO the stability of the electrode was remarkably enhanced. The ANOVA results (R 2 = 0.97 and P value <0.0001 for MB, R 2 = 0.96 and P value <0.0001 for AR14) and numerical optimization showed that it is possible to make good prediction on decoloration behavior and save time and energy with less number of experiments using design of experiments (DoE) like the RSM. Graphical abstract Wastewater treatment processWastewater treatment process., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere is not any conflict of interest in this manuscript., (© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.)

In this study, low-cost and high adsorption capacity hydrogels based on gum tragacanth biopolymer (GT or TG) and TiO 2 nanoparticles were produced by using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. These hydrogels were applied in photocatalytic process to remove methylene blue from simulated colored solution. TiO 2 -Gum Tragacanth hydrogels (TGTH) were characterized by FESEM and FTIR to investigate the surface morphology and functional group of the synthesized hydrogel. Contact angle measurements showed that, the hydrophilicity nature of crosslinked TGTH decreased compared to GT films. The effect of particle size, initial dye concentration, pH of the solution and adsorbent/photocatalyst dosage on the removal efficiency was assessed. The obtained results demonstrated that lower dosage of the prepared TGTH (0.15g/L) outperformed GT (0.2 g/L) reaching 87% of dye removal, while GT resulted in 69% of removal. In order to model the cationic dye removal process, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) was investigated. This network was applied to predict dye removal based on the time duration, initial dye concentration, pH of the solution and TiO 2 dosage in gum tragacanth hydrogel structure ([TiO 2 /gum tragacanth hydrogel] 0 (g/L)). The performance of the proposed model was validated by several training data. The RBFNN model mostly overlapped with the experimental data due to selecting proper structure and training algorithm., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, amine-terminated hyperbranched PAMAM (polyamidoamine) polymer (AT-HBP) was synthesized as a multifunctional chelating agent to remove two heavy metal ions (Cr(III) and Cu(II)) from the simulated wastewater solutions. The AT-HBP was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis. The removal process was carried out in two different methods, centrifuged process and ultrafiltration. The concentration of heavy metal ions before and after removal was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instrument. The removal processes were evaluated by changing different parameters such as solution pH, AT-HBP dosage, and metal ion concentration. To evaluate the extend of binding of heavy metal ions in the presence of AT-HBP the presence of salt in the solution was also examined on the performance of the removal system. The overall results indicated that removal percentages higher than 98% for Cr(III) and 86% for Cu(II) were achieved for heavy metal concentrations of 100 mg/L for both removal process methods. Furthermore, the function of second generation of polypropylenimine (PPI) was compared to AT-HBP. The results reveal that the removal of Cr(III) and Cu(II) ions by AT-HBP were approximately 20% and 10% higher compared to PPI, respectively. Finally, hyperbranched dendritic polymer with lower expenses to synthesize compared to dendrimer underlined favorable properties as a multifunctional chelating agent and enhancement of ultrafiltration process for wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract.

Textile industry consumes remarkable amounts of water during various operations. A significant portion of the water discharge to environment is in the form of colored contaminant. The present research reports the photocatalytic degradation of anionic dye effluent using immobilized TiO2 nanoparticle on graphene oxide (GO) fabricated carbon electrodes. Acid Red 14 (AR 14) was used as model compound. Graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized from graphite powder using modified Hummer's method. The nanosheets were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectrum. The GO nanoparticles were deposited on carbon electrode (GO-CE) by electrochemical deposition (ECD) method and used as catalyst bed. TiO2 nanoparticles were fixed on the bed (GO-CE- TiO2) with thermal process. Photocatalytic processes were carried out using a 500 ml solution containing dye in batch mode. Each photocatalytic treatment were carried out for 120 min. Effect of dye concentration (mg/L), pH of solution, time (min) and TiO2 content (g/L) on the photocatalytic decolorization was investigated., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Trans-glutaminases is known as a cross-linking enzyme for proteins. Wool is a proteinous fiber conventionally is treated through several processes to obtain the desirable characteristics. Bleaching is also one of the most important processes usually carried out by using an oxidizing agent in a conventional method. The tensile strength of wool yarns was reduced as a consequence of oxidative bleaching. Here, with the help of microbial trans-glutaminases (m-TGases), a novel bleaching process was disclosed in a way to obtain a bleached wool yarn with no significant reduction in the tensile strength. The results confirmed that the bleached wool yarns with H(2)O(2) could be modified by m-TGases post-treatment. The m-TGases treatment on the bleached wool yarns improved the tensile strength and whiteness along with the higher alkali resistance.