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Lucas Jose Vaz Schiavao,1,2 Iuri Neville Ribeiro,1,2 Cintya Yukie Hayashi,1 Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo,1 Andre Russowsky Brunoni,1 Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira,1 Gabriel Pokorny,3 Wellingson Silva Paiva1 1Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo- FMUSP – University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Neurology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo – ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Spine, Instituto de Patologia da Coluna, São Paulo, BrazilCorrespondence: Gabriel Pokorny, Tel/Fax +55 11971652026, Email ghpokorny@gmail.comIntroduction: The brain tumor is frequently related to severe motor impairment and impacts the quality of life. The corticospinal tract can sometimes be affected depending on the type and size of the neoplasm, so different tools can evaluate motor function and connections. It is essential to organize surgical procedures and plan the approach. Functional motor status is mapped before, during, and after surgery. Studying corticospinal tract status can help map the functional areas, predict postoperative outcomes, and help the decision, reducing neurological deficits, aiming to preserve functional networks, using the concepts of white matters localization and fibbers connections. Nowadays, there are new techniques that provide functional information regarding the motor cortex, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), direct cortical stimulation (DCS), and navigated TMS (nTMS). These tools can be used to plan a customized surgical strategy and the role of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is well described during intra-operative, using intraoperative neuromonitoring. MEPs can help to localize primary motor areas and delineate the cut-off point of resection in real-time, using direct stimulation. In the post-operative, the MEP has increased your function as a predictive marker of permanent or transitory neurological lesion marker.Methods: Systematic review performed in MEDLINE via PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases regarding the post-operative assessment of MEP in patients with brain tumors. The search strategy included the following terms: ((“Evoked Potentials, Motor”[Mesh]) AND “Neoplasms”[Mesh]) AND “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”[Mesh] AND “Brain Tumor”[Mesh]), the analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, the review spanned until 06/04/2021, inclusion criteria were studies presenting confirmed diagnosis of brain tumor (primary or metastatic), patients > 18 y/o, using TMS, Navigated TMS, and/or Evoked Potentials as tools in preoperative planning or at the intra-operative helping the evaluation of the neurological status of the motor cortex, articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and written in English or Portuguese.Results: A total of 38 studies were selected for this review, of which 14 investigated the potential of nTMS to predict the occurrence of motor deficits, while 25 of the articles investigated the capabilities of the nTMS technique in performing pre/intraoperative neuro mapping of the motor cortex.Conclusion: Further studies regarding motor function assessment are needed and standardized protocols for MEPs also need to be defined.Keywords: brain tumors, transcranial magnetic resonance, systematic review, neurophysiology, motor cortex mapping

RESUMOEste trabalho descreve o processo de avaliação de eficácia de uma campanha de propaganda (que fez uso de dois tipos de mídia: televisão e mídia exterior – busdoor) de um produto específico em uma empresa multinacional de saúde e beleza.Por meio da análise quantitativa, verificou-se que o uso da mídia principal (TV) apresentou uma correlação de moderada a forte com as vendas unitárias do produto ao longo da campanha e foi responsável pela geração de vendas adicionais. Já no caso da mídia de apoio (busdoor), verificou-se que ela não foi capaz de gerar um aumento nas vendas isoladamente, mas ajudou a acentuar e prolongar os efeitos da mídia principal nas vendas. A análise global da campanha mostra que esta conseguiu provocar um aumento de vendas no curto prazo, mas não alterar o nível médio de vendas anterior à mesma, conclusão essa reforçada pela análise marginal do retorno sobre o investimento que mostrou que o resultado da campanha foi insatisfatório.ABSTRACTThis paper describes the process of efficacy evaluation of an advertising campaign (which used two types of media: TV and outdoor media) of a specific product from a multinational company in the health and beauty care segment. It was observed through quantitative analysis that the use of the main medium (TV) showed a moderate to strong correlation with the product’s unit sales throughout the campaign, being responsible for the generation of additional sales. However, the impact of the support media (outdoor) did not generate additional sales alone, but helped to strengthen and to last longer the effects of the main medium. The analysis of the whole campaign showed that it increased sales in the short term but it did This paper describes the process of efficacy evaluation of an advertising campaign (which used two types of media: TV and outdoor media) of a specific product from a multinational company in the health and beauty care segment. It was observed through quantitative analysis that the use of the main medium (TV) showed a moderate to strong correlation with the product’s unit sales throughout the campaign, being responsible for the generation of additional sales. However, the impact of the support media (outdoor) did not generate additional sales alone, but helped to strengthen and to last longer the effects of the main medium. The analysis of the whole campaign showed that it increased sales in the short term but it did not alter the previous level of sales. These non-satisfactory results were also confirmed through marginal analysis of the return on investment.RESUMENEste trabajo describe el proceso de evaluación de la eficacia de un campaña de propaganda (que usó dos tipos de medio de comunicación: televisión y exterior – busdoor) para un producto específico en una empresa multinacional de salud y belleza. Por medio del análisis cuantitativo, se comprobó que el uso del medio principal (TV) presentó una correlación de moderada a fuerte con las ventas unitarias del producto durante la campaña y fue responsable por la generación de ventas adicionales. En el caso del medio de apoyo (busdoor), se observó que no fue capaz de generar un aumento en las ventas aisladamente, pero ayudó a acentuar y prolongar en las ventas, los efectos del medio principal. El análisis global muestra que la campaña logró aumentar las ventas a corto plazo, pero no modificó el nivel medio anterior a su inicio, una conclusión que resulta reforzada por el análisis marginal del retorno sobre la inversión que mostró que el resultado de la campaña no fue satisfactorio.

In this paper, the radial integration method is applied to transform domain integrals into boundary integrals in a boundary element formulation for anisotropic plate bending problems. The inertial term is approximated with the use of radial basis functions, as in the dual reciprocity boundary element method. The transformation of domain integrals into boundary integrals is based on pure mathematical treatments. Numerical results are presented to verify the validity of this method for static and dynamic problems and a comparison with the dual reciprocity boundary element method is carried out. Although the proposed method is more time-consuming, it presents some advantages over the dual reciprocity boundary element method as accuracy and the absence of particular solutions in the formulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 60 años que acude al Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Padre Hurtado, bajo la sospecha de un mioma cervical pequeño. Se realiza una ecografía transva-ginal la cual evidencia incidentalmente un tumor vesical sólido, vascularizado, intravesical y dependiente de la mucosa. La paciente no refería espontáneamente hematuria. El estudio urológico definitivo es de un carcinoma papilar de células transicionales. El tratamiento endoscópico logró la resección completa del tumor. El hallazgo ecográfico permitió realizar el diagnóstico en una forma poco habitual para esta enfermedad, aprovechando una instancia definida para otros fines. Se rescata la importancia de observar detenidamente todas las estructuras pélvicas al alcance visual del equipo de ecografía.We present a clinical case of a 60 year-old patient, who concurs to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Padre Hurtado Hospital under the suspect of a uterine-cervical myoma. A transvaginal ultrasonography was performed which incidentally revealed a bladder tumor which was solid, vascularized, clearly inside of the bladder and attached to the bladder mucosa. The definitive urological study was compatible with a transitional cells papillary carcinoma. The woman did not refer hematuria spontaneously. The finding allowed an unusual diagnosis in an ultrasound aimed for different purposes, which underlines the potential use of this method in other pelvic organs.

Antecedentes: Citomegalovirus (CMV) es la infección congénita más frecuente, demostrado en el 1% de recién nacidos en países desarrollados. Es la primera causa de sordera y alteraciones del desarrollo neuro-lógico infantil. Recientes estudios han demostrado que la seropositividad no evita una reinfección materna ni la enfermedad congénita, por lo que la caracterización de la seroprevalencia permite saber si la infección congénita proviene mayoritariamente de primoinfección o de reinfección. Objetivos: Conocer la seroprevalencia al parto en 583 mujeres beneficiarías del Hospital Padre Hurtado durante mayo y junio del 2006. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, en que se estudio la presencia de IgG anti CMV en sangre materna al parto. Resultados: Se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 95%, sin casos de infección sintomática al nacer. Conclusión: La seroprevalencia es elevada, lo que sugiere que la reinfección sería la forma principal de infección congénita. Un estudio en recién nacidos con cultivos virales o PCR permitiría conocer la tasa de infección congénita real, y no un estudio basado en seroconversión pues omitiría todos los casos que reinfección, que serían mayoritarios.Background: Cytomegalovirus is the most frequent congenital infection, affecting 1% of the population in developed countries, and the leading cause of deafness and brain development abnormalities in children. Recent studies have demonstrated that seropositivity do not avoid reinfection and congenital disease. Objective: To study the seroprevalence in 583 pregnant women at delivery at Padre Hurtado Hospital, during 2006. Methods: Prospective, observational study, in which maternal blood at delivery was studied for the presence of anti CMV IgG. Results: There was 95% seroprevalence, without any case of symptomatic infection. Conclusion: The high prevalence supports that most of the cases of congenital disease would occur in seropositive women, supporting that reinfection is the main way of neonatal compromise. This supports that a study with direct detection in liveborns would be suitable to reveal the impact of cytomegalovirus in our population and not that of seroconversión.

Objetivo: Determinar si el acortamiento del cuello uterino en pacientes sintomáticas es predictor de parto prematuro en o antes de las 35 semanas y dentro de 7 días. Método: Se estudiaron 852 pacientes que consultaron por dinámica uterina, a las que se midió el cuello uterino al ingreso. Las pacientes fueron manejadas de acuerdo a las Guías Clínicas del Hospital. Se excluyeron las pacientes en trabajo de parto, con membranas rotas o con cerclaje. Resultados: La edad gestacional promedio al ingreso fue 31,5 semanas (rango: 24,0-34,9). Se presentó parto prematuro a las 35 semanas o antes en 61 casos (7,2%), y dentro de los 7 días del ingreso en 14 pacientes (1,6%). Fueron predictores independientes significativos (OR; IC95%) para un parto Objective: To determine if the shortening of cervical length (CL) in women with threatened preterm labor could predict delivery at or before 35 weeks' gestation and within 7 days of presentation. Method: Sonogra-phic measurement of CL was done in 852 women with singleton pregnancies presenting with painful uterine contractions. Women in labor, with ruptured membranes or those with cervical cerclage were excluded. Re-sults: Median gestational age at presentation was 31.5 (range: 24.0-34.9) weeks and median cervical length was 31.5 (range: 3-61) mm. Delivery within 7 days occurred in 14 (1.6%) and delivery at or before 35 weeks, in 61 (7.2%) cases. Significant (OR; 95%CI) independent predictors of delivery at or before 35 weeks were vaginal bleeding (6.87; 2.83-16.65), cervical length (3.31; Cl 1.92-5.70) and a historyof preterm birth (2.03; 1.06-3.89). ROC curve analysis showed that a cervical length shorter than 19.5 mm (p

La tasa de cesáreas en Chile se ubicó entre las más altas del mundo en el año 2000: 39% a 83% en la práctica privada y 20% a 28% en los hospitales públicos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es comunicar el impacto que ha tenido en la tasa de cesáreas y el resultado neonatal la aplicación de Guías Clínicas para el manejo del trabajo de parto y monitoreo fetal. Entre el 1 de enero de 1999 y el 31 de diciembre de 2004, la tasa global de cesáreas del período fue de 23,2% y la tasa de fórceps osciló entre 7,5 y 9,7%. La incidencia de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) para el período de estudio fue de 3,5/1.000 nacidos vivos, con una progresiva tendencia a la disminución. Las tasas de cesárea y de EHI son comparables a las reportadas en la literatura internacional. Luego de revisar la literatura, ésta es la primera comunicación nacional sobre el impacto de Guías Clínicas en la atención del partoCesarean section rate in Chile is one of the highest in the world: 39% - 83% in private practice and 20% - 28% in the public health system. The aim of this report is to communicate the impact of a standardized management based in Clinical Guidelines for labor management and fetal monitoring. From January 1, 1999 through December 31, 2004, the cesarean section rate in the institution was of 23.2%. The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was of 3.5/1000 live born. These rates are comparable to the reports in international references. To our knowledge, this is the first report in our country regarding the impact of the application of Clinical Guidelines for labor management

La conducta más difundida en pacientes con rotura prematura de membranas (RPM) al término es la inducción inmediata por el riesgo de infecciones maternas y neonatales. Para reducir estas complicaciones y mantener una adecuada tasa de parto vaginal se comunican diversos métodos de inducción del parto y profilaxis antibiótica. Este estudio retrospectivo muestra los resultados de una conducta expectante por 24 horas en 115 pacientes consecutivas con embarazos de término entre enero y abril de 2001 con el diagnóstico de RPM; sin signos clínicos de infección, sufrimiento fetal o trabajo de parto al momento de consultar. Una vez cumplidas las 24 horas, las pacientes que no iniciaron trabajo de parto fueron inducidas con oxitocina. Los resultados muestran una tasa de parto vaginal de 84% y un 9,5% de infección ovular clínica en trabajo de parto. La incidencia de infección neonatal fue de 6,9%, sin mortalidad ni secuelas a mediano plazoPrelabor rupture of membranes at term is a condition that most obstetricians manage with inmediate labor induction in order to reduce maternal and neonatal infection. Different methods for labor induction and prophylaxis antibiotic treatments are proposed in the medical literature to prevent neonatal sepsis and to lower the cesarean section rate. This retrospective observational study reports the results of a policy of expectant management of 24 hours in 115 consecutive cases between January and April, 2001, in the presence of prelabour rupture of membranes at term. Patients were excluded if clinical chorioamnionitis, fetal distress or labor were present at admission. Patients who did not begin spontaneous labor after 24 hours received intravenous oxytocin for labor induction. The incidence of cesarean section was 16%, with 9.5% of patients with corioamnionitis during labor. There was a 6.9% of neonatal infection without mortality or long term sequelae were present

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most aggressive primary brain tumors with poor prognoses despite conventional treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue due to its potential to elicit a targeted immune response against tumor cells., Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various immunotherapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), virotherapy, and dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) in treating HGG., Methods: Following the PRISMA framework, we searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase for studies reporting outcomes of HGG patients treated with immunotherapy. Key metrics included overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment-related adverse events., Results: We reviewed 47 studies, analyzing data from 3674 HGG patients treated with immunotherapy. The mean overall survival for patients treated with ICI was 11.05 months, with virotherapy at 11.79 months and notably longer for DCV at 24.11 months. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) for ICIs was 3.65 months. Virotherapy demonstrated a PFS favoring the control group, indicating minimal impact, while DCV showed substantial PFS improvement with a median of 0.43 times lower hazard compared to controls (95% CI: 29-64%). Adverse events were primarily Grade 1 or 2 for ICI, included a Grade 5 event for virotherapy, and were predominantly Grade 1 or 2 for DCV, indicating a favorable safety profile., Conclusion: Immunotherapy holds potential as an effective treatment for HGG, especially DCV. However, results vary significantly with the type of therapy and individual patient profiles. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish robust clinical guidelines and optimize treatment protocols., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Stereotactic Brachytherapy Iodine-125 (SBT I-125) has been investigated by some studies for the treatment of lowgrade gliomas. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of SBT I-125 Brachytherapy for treatment of patients with Low-Grade Gliomas. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. We used relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals and random effects model to compare the effects of I-125 SBT treatment on the interest outcomes. We evaluated heterogeneity using I2 statistics; we considered heterogeneity to be significant if the p-value was less than 0.05 and I2 was higher than 35%. We performed statistical analysis using the software R (version 4.2.3). A total of 20 studies with a cohort of 988 patients with low grade gliomas who received SBT I-125 as a treatment option. The pooled analysis evidenced: (1) Complication rate of 10% (95% CI: 7-12%; I² = 60%); (2) 5-year PFS of 66% (99% CI: 45-86%; I²= 98%); (3) 10-year PFS was 66% (99% CI: 45-86%; I²= 98%); (4) Malignant transformation rate of 26% (95% CI: 8-45%; I²=0); (5) Mortality of 33% (95% CI: 15-51%; I² = 0%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis of SBT I-125 for low-grade gliomas have revealed significant concerns regarding its safety and efficacy. Despite a proportion of patients remaining progression-free, elevated rates of complications and mortality cast doubt on the intervention's reliability. Future research should prioritize long-term follow-up studies, standardized protocols, and comparative effectiveness research., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)