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3. Superstaq: Deep Optimization of Quantum Programs.

Author

Colin Campbell, Frederic T. Chong, Denny Dahl, Paige Frederick, Palash Goiporia, Pranav Gokhale, Benjamin P. Hall, Salahedeen Issa, Eric Jones, Stephanie Lee, Andrew Litteken, Victory Omole, David Owusu-Antwi, Michael A. Perlin, Richard Rines, Kaitlin N. Smith, Noah Goss, Akel Hashim, Ravi Naik, Ed Younis, Daniel S. Lobser, Christopher G. Yale, Benchen Huang, and Ji Liu 0007

Published
2023
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6. From the Safe Space of Professionalism to the Brave Space of Community: The 'About Campus' Writers Retreat as Soul Work

Author

Paige, Frederick, Oliveros, Claire, and Reneau, Clint-Michael

Abstract

Educators carve out space for students in and out of the classroom to develop a sense of identity and belonging through opportunities for learning. However, they are slow to do this for themselves. Scholars face a daily battle to become better writers, better mentors, and better people. The "About Campus" Writers Retreat, a boot camp for writing strategies, is a safe space carved out for writers to recover and rebuild through the support of peer fellowship. To illuminate the power of the collective and the "About Campus" Writers Retreat, the authors offer four significant lessons on writing and life: (1) Create Community Where You Are; (2) Be Brave. Be Yourself; (3) Strength in Vulnerability; and (4) Write to Make a Difference. [Contributing authors: Dr. Catherina Carlson, Dr. Jerlena Griffin Desta, Ms. Bridget DuBrey, Rev. J. Cody Nielsen, Ms. Margaret Sebastian, Dr. Carmen Taylor, and Dr. Jennifer Wells.]

Published
2020
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7. Using Learning Analytics and Student Perceptions to Explore Student Interactions in an Online Construction Management Course

Author

West, Paige, Paige, Frederick, Lee, Walter, Watts, Natasha, and Scales, Glenda

Abstract

The expansion of online learning in higher education has both contributed to researchers exploring innovative ways to develop learning environments and created challenges in identifying student interactions with course material. Learning analytics is an emerging field that can identify student interactions and help make data-informed course design decisions. In this case study, learning analytics were collected from 113 students in three course sections of an online construction management course in the Canvas learning management system (LMS). Surveys were used to collect students' perceptions of the course design and materials to correlate with the students' interactions with the course materials. The survey findings showed the students found watching the lecture videos and reading the lecture slides to be the most helpful aspects of the course materials in their learning. Findings from the learning analytics showed that students' interactions with the course decreased after the midterm exam. Based on the results, online course instructors can leverage their learning analytics to understand student interactions and make data-informed course design changes to improve their online learning environments.

Published
2022
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8. Comparing Design Thinking Traits between National Samples of Civil Engineering and Architecture Students

Author

Todoroff, Emma Coleman, Shealy, Tripp, Milovanovic, Julie, Godwin, Allison, and Paige, Frederick

Abstract

Civil engineers and architects are both trained in design thinking, but they approach the process of design from differing perspectives largely due to the divergence in their educational curriculums. With an interest in the effect of differing educational perspectives on design thinking outcomes, comparisons were made between the self-identified design thinking abilities of students in their final year of undergraduate civil engineering or architecture programs. Perceived design thinking ability was evaluated through a survey that was distributed to students enrolled in 4-year institutions across the United States. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare responses between the civil engineering (n=356) and architecture (n=335) student samples. There is a significant difference in perceived design thinking ability between the groups. Architecture students score higher than civil engineering students on all design thinking traits. Based on these results, the civil engineering curriculum may benefit from the incorporation of pedagogy that emphasizes design thinking, like studio-based learning.

Published
2021
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12. flEECe, an Energy Use and Occupant Behavior Dataset for Net Zero Energy Affordable Senior Residential Buildings

Author

Paige, Frederick and Agee, Philip

Abstract

The behaviors of building occupants have continued to perplex scholars for years in our attempts to develop models for energy efficient housing. Building simulations, project delivery approaches, policies, and more have fell short of their optimistic goals due to the complexity of human behavior. As a part of a multiphase longitudinal affordable housing study, this dataset represents energy and occupant behavior attributes for 6 affordable housing units over nine months in Virginia, USA which are not performing to the net-zero energy standard they were designed for. This dataset provides researchers the ability to analyze the following variables: energy performance, occupant behaviors, energy literacy, and ecological perceptions. Energy data is provided at a 1 Hz sampling rate for four circuits: main, hot water heater, dryer, and HVAC. Building specifications, occupancy, weather data, and neighboring building energy use data are provided to add depth to the dataset. This dataset can be used to update building energy use models, predictive maintenance, policy frameworks, construction risk models, economic models, and more.

Published
2022
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16. Work in Progress: Assessing a Faculty Community of Practice and Identifying Its Opportunities to Enhance Equitable Infrastructure Education.

Author

Valdes-Vasquez, Rodolfo, Sanford, Kristen L., Paige, Frederick, and Parker, Philip J.

Abstract

The Center for Infrastructure Transformation and Education (CIT-E) is a community of faculty members who share a passion for infrastructure education. Their goal is to transform the way civil and environmental engineering (CEE) topics are taught. In 2021, the co-authors of this poster received an NSF IUSE grant to build the capacity of a faculty community of practice (CoP), positioning it to transform the approach to diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) in CEE education. By incorporating DEIJ into their teaching, research, and service commitments, CEE faculty members can be the catalysts responsible for transitioning our nation's inequitable infrastructure into equitable infrastructure. This poster highlights three key assessment objectives, including a review of the literature on re-contextualizing infrastructure education, a SWOT analysis, and team science professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

17. Using Learning Analytics and Student Perceptions to Explore Student Interactions in an Online Construction Management Course

Author

West, Paige, Paige, Frederick, Lee, Walter C., Watts, Natasha, Scales, Glenda R., West, Paige, Paige, Frederick, Lee, Walter C., Watts, Natasha, and Scales, Glenda R.

Abstract

The expansion of online learning in higher education has both contributed to researchers exploring innovative ways to develop learning environments and created challenges in identifying student interactions with course material. Learning analytics is an emerging field that can identify student interactions and help make data-informed course design decisions. In this case study, learning analytics were collected from 113 students in three course sections of an online construction management course in the Canvas learning management system (LMS). Surveys were used to collect students’ perceptions of the course design and materials to correlate with the students’ interactions with the course materials. The survey findings showed the students found watching the lecture videos and reading the lecture slides to be the most helpful aspects of the course materials in their learning. Findings from the learning analytics showed that students’ interactions with the course decreased after the midterm exam. Based on the results, online course instructors can leverage their learning analytics to understand student interactions and make data-informed course design changes to improve their online learning environments.

Published
2022

18. Keeping Our Heads above Water: An Exploratory Study on the Equity Opportunities of Coastal Virginia Wireless Emergency Alerts

Author

Grinton, Wendell, Paige, Frederick, Grinton, Wendell, and Paige, Frederick

Abstract

Economically disadvantaged coastal communities face severe damage and casualties, which can be attributed to storm surges. Excessive amounts of inundation should be considered to a similar level to wind speeds and heavy rains that communities commonly prepare for amidst a hurricane event. Marginalized residents, such as residents of color, disabled residents, elderly residents, and residents occupying low-income housing, suffer from storm surge events. Coastal resiliency plans are bottlenecked by factors, such as residential stability, ability to relocate, and insurance coverage, all of which are inequitably constrained for marginalized communities. This exploratory study reviews the previous literature on wireless emergency alert (WEA) equity critiques and spatial analysis of the WEAs sent to coastal Virginia communities. Two research questions are explored in this paper: (1) How does the previous literature critique equity in wireless emergency alerts? (2) How many households are below the poverty line in areas where storm surge warnings have been sent? To improve the utilization of WEAs for the protection of low-income community members, there is evidence to support the increase in the frequency of message delivery and improving the call-to-action text. This paper sets the stage for future policy analyses and message design experimentation on emergency communication in coastal regions.

Published
2022

22. User Experience of Green Building Certification Resources: EarthCraft Multifamily

Author

Jefferson, Dwayne, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, Jackson, France, Jefferson, Dwayne, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, and Jackson, France

Abstract

To improve the construction industry’s capacity to deliver sustainable infrastructure, guidance on delivering green building systems needs to be more usable. Green buildings have certifications and ratings in place that ensure that projects are environmentally responsible and meet standards in resource efficiency. EarthCraft Multifamily (ECMF), an evolving green building certification, has been successful in increasing the delivery of energy-efficient affordable housing, and this study leverages user experience (UX) methodologies to understand how to further improve ECMF and replicate its success. This study identifies the impact ECMF tools and resources, such as the program manual, worksheet, and technical guidelines, have on enhancing project delivery for architects. This study conducted data analysis on project specifications, heuristic evaluation data, and stakeholder interview data. As the strengths and weaknesses of ECMF were identified, knowledge on the usability of the green building certification program was unveiled. Heuristic evaluations data show that accessibility and usability issues are present in ECMF resources. Interview data show that architects’ experiences with ECMF resources were affected by some of the usability issues identified in the heuristic evaluation data. Coded interview transcripts show the most prominent participant-identified improvements represented within the data. Resources need appropriate visual representation such as readability and hierarchy to improve their usability. Understanding how ECMF resources are utilized during project delivery allows for the appropriate content and options to be strategically framed to improve accessibility and enhance user decision making. ECMF resources can allow for the inclusion of a broader set of stakeholders by lowering the level of expertise required for sustainable infrastructure delivery.

Published
2021
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23. User Experience of Green Building Certification Resources: EarthCraft Multifamily

Author

Civil and Environmental Engineering, Building Construction, Jefferson, Dwayne, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, Jackson, France, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Building Construction, Jefferson, Dwayne, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, and Jackson, France

Abstract

To improve the construction industry’s capacity to deliver sustainable infrastructure, guidance on delivering green building systems needs to be more usable. Green buildings have certifications and ratings in place that ensure that projects are environmentally responsible and meet standards in resource efficiency. EarthCraft Multifamily (ECMF), an evolving green building certification, has been successful in increasing the delivery of energy-efficient affordable housing, and this study leverages user experience (UX) methodologies to understand how to further improve ECMF and replicate its success. This study identifies the impact ECMF tools and resources, such as the program manual, worksheet, and technical guidelines, have on enhancing project delivery for architects. This study conducted data analysis on project specifications, heuristic evaluation data, and stakeholder interview data. As the strengths and weaknesses of ECMF were identified, knowledge on the usability of the green building certification program was unveiled. Heuristic evaluations data show that accessibility and usability issues are present in ECMF resources. Interview data show that architects’ experiences with ECMF resources were affected by some of the usability issues identified in the heuristic evaluation data. Coded interview transcripts show the most prominent participant-identified improvements represented within the data. Resources need appropriate visual representation such as readability and hierarchy to improve their usability. Understanding how ECMF resources are utilized during project delivery allows for the appropriate content and options to be strategically framed to improve accessibility and enhance user decision making. ECMF resources can allow for the inclusion of a broader set of stakeholders by lowering the level of expertise required for sustainable infrastructure delivery.

Published
2021

24. Re-contextualizing Civil Engineering Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Author

Sanford, Kristen, Parker, Philip J., Paige, Frederick, Valdes-Vasquez, Rodolfo, Diacik, Elizabeth, Larsen, Timothy James, and Canevari, Peter

Subjects
CIVIL engineering, ENGINEERING education, EDUCATIONAL programs, ENGINEERING students, CURRICULUM
Abstract

Emphasizing socio-political context in undergraduate engineering courses is a complex challenge for accredited American engineering programs as they strive to pivot towards a more equitable future. Teaching engineering problem solving by isolating the technical perspective is the dominant culture, and change has been slow and insufficient. Looking at the complex human circumstances in which engineered systems are situated has significant, and sometimes life saving, benefits. On the contrary, the common de-contextualized approach to teaching engineering has been shown to have significant impacts on how students behave as future engineers. Furthermore, eurocentric teaching practices have been documented as a contributor to the lack of gender and ethinic diversity in engineering. Re-contextualizing civil engineering courses has shown to increase students' motivation, sense of social responsibility, and agency. The ASCE Code of Ethics states that "Engineers ... first and foremost, protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public," a notion that was first added to the code in 1977. In recent years, some civil and environmental engineering (CEE) faculty members and programs have responded to this ethical imperative by re-contextualizing civil engineering education in relation to the communities ("the public") the civil engineer is ethically obligated to protect and serve. To determine the extent of these efforts to re-introduce socio-technical context in CEE curricula, we are conducting a systematic review of the published literature. The objectives of this research are to document, synthesize, and amplify the work of these scholars and to encourage the community of CEE faculty to re-contextualize the knowledge and skills taught in the CEE curriculum. This paper describes the methodology, including search terms and sources examined, reports the preliminary results of the review, and synthesizes the preliminary findings. Future work will propose strategies and structures that could be adapted and employed by civil engineering faculty throughout the U.S. to 1) engage and retain students from groups that historically have been excluded from CEE and 2) better educate CEE students to engineer a more equitable and just future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

26. Open Education Forum 2020: Connecting the Opens: Open Access, Open Education & More

Author

DePauw, Karen P., Thompson, Tyechia, Paige, Frederick, Ellingson, Steven W., Potter, Peter J., Walz, Anita R., Young, Philip, Graduate School, and University Libraries

Subjects
open access, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, academic publishing, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, open education
Abstract

Join faculty presenters from around the university, University Library faculty, and the Future Professoriate Graduate class in a robust discussion about nuances, similarities and differences in the "opens." Learn about open access (OA) trends in the U.S., Europe, and at Virginia Tech. Learn about the differences between open access and open educational resources (OER). Presenters and panelists include Karen DePauw (Dean, Graduate School), Tyechia Thompson (Center for Humanities), Freddy Paige (Civil and Environmental Engineering), Steven Ellingson (Electrical and Computer Engineering), Peter Potter, Anita Walz, and Philip Young (University Libraries). Open Knowledge Committee, University Libraries

Published
2020

28. Open Education Forum 2020: Connecting the Opens: Open Access, Open Education & More

Author

Graduate School, University Libraries, DePauw, Karen P., Thompson, Tyechia, Paige, Frederick, Ellingson, Steven W., Potter, Peter J., Walz, Anita R., Young, Philip, Graduate School, University Libraries, DePauw, Karen P., Thompson, Tyechia, Paige, Frederick, Ellingson, Steven W., Potter, Peter J., Walz, Anita R., and Young, Philip

Abstract

Join faculty presenters from around the university, University Library faculty, and the Future Professoriate Graduate class in a robust discussion about nuances, similarities and differences in the "opens." Learn about open access (OA) trends in the U.S., Europe, and at Virginia Tech. Learn about the differences between open access and open educational resources (OER). Presenters and panelists include Karen DePauw (Dean, Graduate School), Tyechia Thompson (Center for Humanities), Freddy Paige (Civil and Environmental Engineering), Steven Ellingson (Electrical and Computer Engineering), Peter Potter, Anita Walz, and Philip Young (University Libraries).

Published
2020

35. flEECe, an energy use and occupant behavior dataset for net-zero energy affordable senior residential buildings

Author

Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, Jazizadeh, Farrokh, Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Paige, Frederick, Agee, Philip, and Jazizadeh, Farrokh

Abstract

The behaviors of building occupants have continued to perplex scholars for years in our attempts to develop models for energy efficient housing. Building simulations, project delivery approaches, policies, and more have fell short of their optimistic goals due to the complexity of human behavior. As a part of a multiphase longitudinal affordable housing study, this dataset represents energy and occupant behavior attributes for 6 affordable housing units over nine months in Virginia, USA which are not performing to the net-zero energy standard they were designed for. This dataset provides researchers the ability to analyze the following variables: energy performance, occupant behaviors, energy literacy, and ecological perceptions. Energy data is provided at a 1 Hz sampling rate for four circuits: main, hot water heater, dryer, and HVAC. Building specifications, occupancy, weather data, and neighboring building energy use data are provided to add depth to the dataset. This dataset can be used to update building energy use models, predictive maintenance, policy frameworks, construction risk models, economic models, and more.

Published
2019

36. Intersections: Privilege

Author

Iorio, Josh, Faulkner, Brandy S., Paige, Frederick, Copper, Cathryn, and College of Architecture and Urban Studies

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION
Abstract

How does gender, race, and class privilege inform the design and construction of the built environment? Panelists will discuss how gender-related language norms, race-related structures of power in the workplace, and occupancy of sustainable infrastructures in the housing industry impact the built environment. Should we as a society demand more equity from the individuals that create the built world? CAUS Diversity and Inclusion Committee

Published
2018

37. Intersections: Privilege

Author

College of Architecture and Urban Studies, Iorio, Josh, Faulkner, Brandy S., Paige, Frederick, Copper, Cathryn, College of Architecture and Urban Studies, Iorio, Josh, Faulkner, Brandy S., Paige, Frederick, and Copper, Cathryn

Abstract

How does gender, race, and class privilege inform the design and construction of the built environment? Panelists will discuss how gender-related language norms, race-related structures of power in the workplace, and occupancy of sustainable infrastructures in the housing industry impact the built environment. Should we as a society demand more equity from the individuals that create the built world?

Published
2018

38. Hip Hop @ VT

Author

Virginia Tech. University Libraries, Virginia Tech. Digging In The Crates, Virginia Tech. Department of Africana Studies, Virginia Tech. Department of Sociology, Virginia Tech. Women's Center, Virginia Tech. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Fralin, Scott, Foutch, Mallory, Arthur, Craig E., Harrison, Anthony Kwame, Paige, Frederick, Luu, Eric, Downing, Juel, Virginia Tech. University Libraries, Virginia Tech. Digging In The Crates, Virginia Tech. Department of Africana Studies, Virginia Tech. Department of Sociology, Virginia Tech. Women's Center, Virginia Tech. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Fralin, Scott, Foutch, Mallory, Arthur, Craig E., Harrison, Anthony Kwame, Paige, Frederick, Luu, Eric, and Downing, Juel

Abstract

This exhibit is a broad overview of Hip Hop at Virginia Tech. It includes materials from classes taught on Hip Hop, showcases the work of the VT Digging in the Crates team, examples of the type of art that has been generated by the VTDITC team, and provides points of contact for student groups related to Hip Hop on campus. Exhibit also contained an interactive component with a soundbooth where, during specific hours, visitors were able to record their own stories about how Hip Hop has made a difference in their lives and upload them to Storycorps 2018/08/20 - 2018/11/18

Published
2018

39. A human-centred approach to smart housing.

Author

Agee, Philip, Gao, Xinghua, Paige, Frederick, McCoy, Andrew, and Kleiner, Brian

Subjects
HOUSING, BUILDING performance, INTELLIGENT buildings, ENERGY consumption, SEMI-structured interviews, SMART cities
Abstract

Smart buildings are complex systems, yet architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals often perform their work without considering the human factors of building occupants. Traditionally, the AEC industry has employed a linear design and delivery approach. As buildings become smarter, the AEC industry must adapt. To maximize human well-being and the operational performance of smart buildings, an iterative, human-centred approach must be employed. The omission of human factors in the design and delivery of smart building systems risks misalignment between occupant-user needs and the AEC industry's perception of occupant-user needs. This research proposes a human-centred approach to smart housing. The study employed a multi-phase, mixed-methods research design. Data were collected from 309 high performance housing units in the United States. Longitudinal energy use data, occupant surveys, and semi-structured interviews are the primary data inputs. Affinity diagramming was leveraged to categorize the qualitative data. The output of the affinity diagramming analysis and energy analysis led to the development of data-driven Personas that communicate smart housing user needs. While these data were gathered in the United States, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers can leverage the human-centred approach presented in this paper toward the design of other human-centred buildings and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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41. A Series of Singular Testimonies: A New Way to Explore Unearned Advantages and Unearned Disadvantages.

Author

Martin, Julie P., Pfirman, Aubrie Lynn, Anderson, Rachel K., Stefl, Shannon K., Paige, Frederick, and Cain, Lindsey Whitfield

Subjects
ENGINEERING education, EMPLOYMENT interviewing, ENGINEERING students, EDUCATION
Abstract

This paper describes the development of a unique interview method based on Peggy McIntosh's "serial testimony" technique. Our "singular testimony" technique preserves many of the hallmarks of the serial testimony technique, specifically: 1. Giving participants the opportunity to share their personal narrative, or testimony, about unearned advantages and unearned disadvantages as they perceive them; 2. Allowing participants to speak uninterrupted; 3. Exhibiting no judgment and expressing no rebuttal to participant responses; 4. Returning to a particular advantage/disadvantage for further exploration and follow up questions in additional "rounds." We have piloted our interview technique with recent engineering graduates, and found it to be efficacious for eliciting participants' perceptions of unearned advantages and disadvantages related to their engineering education. In this paper, we (1) describe how we adapted the serial testimony technique into a singular testimony interview method, (2) present our results related to participants' perceptions of unearned advantages and disadvantages, and (3) discuss how a particular trait can be perceived as an advantage by one participant, but as a disadvantage by another. We will also present specific examples of certain unearned traits (such as economic status) that some participants simultaneously viewed as both advantages and disadvantages in pursuing their engineering education. We end with implications for using this method to illuminate visible and invisible forms of privilege and oppression, underrepresentation, and marginalization that undergraduates may experience during their engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

49. Learning Energy Literacy Concepts from Energy-Efficient Homes

Author

Paige, Frederick Eugene

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand ways that occupants’ and visitors’ interaction with energy efficient home design affects Energy Literacy. Using a case study approach including interviews, surveys, and observations, I examined the potential for affordable energy efficient homes in the Greenville South Carolina area to "teach" concepts from an Energy Literacy framework developed by dozens of educational partners and federal agencies that comprise the U.S. Global Change Research Program Partners. I paid particular attention to concepts from the framework that are transferable to energy decisions beyond a home’s walls. My research reveals ways that interaction with high efficiency homes can effect understanding of the following Energy Literacy concepts: human use of energy is subject to limits and constraints, conservation is one way to manage energy resources, electricity is generated in multiple ways, social and technological innovations effect the amount of energy used by society, and energy use can be calculated and monitored.

Published
2016

50. Neighborhood historical redlining, present-day social vulnerability and sports and recreational injury hospitalizations in the United States

Author

Ogunmayowa, Oluwatosin Thompson, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Baker, Charlotte, Hanlon, Alexandra Louise, Paige, Frederick Eugene, and Cook, Natalie Ebony

Subjects
traumatic brain injury, racial disparities, structural racism, sports and recreational injury, hospitalizations, social vulnerability, Historical redlining
Abstract

Historical redlining, a discriminatory practice of the 1930s, present-day social vulnerability (SVI), and sports and recreational injury (SRI) hospitalizations are interconnected topics that highlight the intersection of race, class, and health in the United States but the relationships have not been studied to date. Thus, the overall aim of this dissertation is to examine the effects of historical redlining and present-day social vulnerability on SRI hospitalizations in the United States. The first study systematically reviewed studies that examined the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and SRI using multilevel modeling approach. Studies reviewed show that certain neighborhood factors, such as living in urban communities, were associated with increased risk of SRI. The second study examined the association between historical redlining and present-day neighborhood SVI in the United States. Results show that formerly redlined areas have higher SVI presently. The third study examined the association between historical redlining and present-day SRI hospitalization in the United States. Results show that redlining was not associated with increased odds of SRI hospitalizations, but was associated with longer length of hospital stay (LOS) among Black and Hispanic patients, and higher total hospital charges among Hispanic patients. The fourth study examined the association between individual and neighborhood social vulnerability and sports and recreation-related traumatic brain injury (SR-TBI) hospitalizations among pediatric patients in the United States. Results show that Native American children had higher odds of hospitalization for SR-TBI, longer LOS, but lower odds of discharge to post-acute care compared to White children. Older age was associated with higher odds of hospitalization and longer LOS while male sex was associated with shorter LOS for SR-TBI in children. Compared to children with private insurance, children with public insurance had longer LOS while uninsured children had shorter LOS. Also, hospitalization in neighborhood with higher overall SVI was associated with longer LOS. This study advances our knowledge on the impact of structural racism on present-day SRI outcomes and will inform policy makers to prioritize health equity by addressing the underlying social determinants of health and the root causes of disparities in SRI outcomes. Doctor of Philosophy Every year, around 9 million people get hurt while playing sports or participating in recreational activities in the United States. Out of these, more than a third go to the emergency department for treatment, and several thousands need to stay in the hospital because their injuries are more serious. Even though only a small number of sports and recreational injuries (SRI) require hospitalization compared to those treated in the emergency department or outpatient clinics, these injuries tend to be more severe. They can cause significant harm to a person's physical, mental, and emotional well-being, and they also put a lot of pressure on the healthcare system and society as a whole. This dissertation assessed how historical discrimination against certain neighborhoods, called redlining, and present-day social vulnerability affect sports and recreational injury hospitalizations in the United States. This research found that the neighborhood where people live or are hospitalized matter for how often they are hospitalized for SRI, their length of stay in hospital, the amount of money they pay while in hospital, and how often they receive follow-up care after leaving hospital. While historical redlining was not directly linked to higher odds of hospitalization, it was associated with longer hospital stays for Black and Hispanic patients and higher costs for Hispanic patients. This research also found that children from socially vulnerable backgrounds were more likely to be hospitalized for sports-related traumatic brain injuries (SR-TBI) and stay in hospital longer, but were less like to receive follow-up care after leaving hospital. For instance, children from Native American backgrounds were three times more likely to be hospitalized for SR-TBI and stayed in the hospital 27% longer, but were 99.9% less likely to receive follow-up care after leaving hospital compared to White children. Also, children with public health insurance tended to have longer stays in hospital for SR-TBI compared to those with private health insurance. This research highlights how structural discrimination can impact health outcomes, and suggests that policymakers should address the root causes of health disparities in order to promote health equity.

Published
2023

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