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Progestin primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) is a novel controlled ovarian stimulation protocol. Prevention of endogenous luteinizing hormone surge is an important step in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are used conventionally for preventing premature ovulation before egg retrieval. However, GnRH analogs - both agonists and antagonists - have certain disadvantages such as increased cost, the requirement of daily injections, patient inconvenience, and adverse effects, which have prompted us to search for possible alternatives. Oral progesterone has been used recently as an effective alternative to GnRH analogs. Although the use of progestin requires mandatory cryopreservation of all the embryos due to embryo-endometrium asynchrony, advances in freezing techniques have rendered it feasible. Moreover, progestin is cost-effective, administered orally, convenient, and easily accessible. Hence, this new PPOS protocol combined with freeze-all cycles is an effective alternative to GnRH analogs for pituitary suppression during ovarian stimulation. This review aims to evaluate the current status of the PPOS protocol, its mechanism, different regimes, advantages, and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) includes a sequence of events conducted to select a genetically healthy embryo for transfer. Steps include IVF or ICSI followed by embryo biopsy, DNA isolation and amplification, analysis method and result preparation. In India approximately 10,000 babies are born annually with beta thalassemia major despite of so much advancement in diagnostic modalities.1 Beta thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs due to beta globin gene mutation. Pre implantation genetic diagnosis allows positive selection of unaffected embryos and hence a chance to couple to give birth to an unaffected child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oocyte cryopreservation is a boon for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. With the evolution in the technique of cryopreservation over the last three decades, there has been an exponential rise in the number of oocyte cryopreservation cycles for diverse indications. Apart from cancer patients, it has also been promoted as a mode of fertility insurance to overcome the age-related decline in fertility as well as post-surgical decline following endometriosis surgery. The objective of the review is to evaluate its clinical applications, ideal age at freezing, optimal oocyte number, freezing method of choice, efficacy, safety and recent advances. In the last decade, vitrification has surpassed slow freezing for oocyte cryopreservation. Although closed system of vitrification provides the aseptic environment, open vitrification is commonly followed in practice. Early to mid-thirties is a reasonable age group for planned oocyte cryopreservation, although it might be recommended at a younger age, in patients with diminished ovarian reserve. The patients should be motivated to preserve around 14-20 mature oocytes for successful live birth. Various studies have shown comparable fertilisation and pregnancy rates between Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh and frozen-thawed oocytes. The available evidence has shown no increase in the incidence of congenital abnormalities in babies born through vitrified oocytes. In the future, image analysis using artificial intelligence, and spindle visualisation using poloscope may further enhance the outcome of oocyte cryopreservation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.)

Objective: To assess reproductive performance in women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained infertility after hysteroscopic metroplasty., Study Design: A total of 72 women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained primary infertility were included in the study. All of the women underwent hysteroscopic septal resection. Reproductive performance of these women within one year of surgery was studied and analyzed., Results: Thirty-three women (45.83%) conceived within one year of surgery. Only 4 women (12%) had spontaneous abortions, and only 5 (15%) had preterm delivery., Conclusion: Hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with septate uterus significantly improves reproductive outcomes.

Background: There is enough evidence in the literature to support that removal of septum improves pregnancy rates in women with bad obstetric history. However, its role in patients with otherwise unexplained infertility is still not clear due to paucity of enough evidence., Objective: To assess reproductive performance in women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained infertility after hysteroscopic metroplasty., Materials and Methods: 72 women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained primary infertility were included in the study. All these women underwent hysteroscopic septal resection. Reproductive performance of these women within one year of surgery was studied and analysed., Result: 33 women (45.83%) conceived within one year of surgery. Only 4 women (12%) had spontaneous abortions and only 5 (15%) had preterm delivery., Conclusion: Hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with septate uterus significantly improves the reproductive performance.