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1. The principles of natural climate solutions

Author

Ellis, Peter Woods, Page, Aaron Marr, Wood, Stephen, Fargione, Joseph, Masuda, Yuta J., Carrasco Denney, Vanessa, Moore, Campbell, Kroeger, Timm, Griscom, Bronson, Sanderman, Jonathan, Atleo, Tyson, Cortez, Rane, Leavitt, Sara, and Cook-Patton, Susan C.

Published
2024
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3. Abrupt declines in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China after the outbreak of COVID-19

Author

Liu, Fei, Page, Aaron, Strode, Sarah A., Yoshida, Yasuko, Choi, Sungyeon, Zheng, Bo, Lamsal, Lok N., Li, Can, Krotkov, Nickolay A., Eskes, Henk, van der A, Ronald, Veefkind, Pepijn, Levelt, Pieternel, Joiner, Joanna, and Hauser, Oliver P.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

China's policy interventions to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 have environmental and economic impacts. Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide indicates economic activities, as nitrogen dioxide is primarily emitted from fossil fuel consumption. Satellite measurements show a 48% drop in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column densities from the 20 days averaged before the 2020 Lunar New Year to the 20 days averaged after. This is 20% larger than that from recent years. We relate to this reduction to two of the government's actions: the announcement of the first report in each province and the date of a province's lockdown. Both actions are associated with nearly the same magnitude of reductions. Our analysis offers insights into the unintended environmental and economic consequences through reduced economic activities., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures

Published
2020

4. Repetitive control and electrode array pattern selection for FES-based drop-foot assistance

Author

Page, Aaron Peter and Freeman, Christopher

Abstract

Drop-foot is a problem resulting from a range of neurological conditions. It is currently diagnosed in over 3 million people worldwide. Current technologies addressing Dropfoot have significant limitations, with 30% of people rejecting the established mechanical solutions due to; muscle wastage, size, noise and damage to dignity. Alternatively, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technology, which addresses the condition by directly recruiting the user's muscles. This overcomes significant issues such as muscle wastage or restriction of freedom. However, it has limitations which include increased rate of fatigue in users, dependence on pad positions, and limited battery life. Further to this, the control of FES commercially is very crude, often leading to jerky or unnatural motion. More advanced controllers exist in the academic domain, but they assume that gait can be modelled as a resetting motion, require large amounts of data, or are unsuitable for clinical application due to problems in demonstrating stability. This thesis focuses on overcoming the limitation of current FES technology for dropfoot. It develops, simulates and applies a new form of closed-loop controller for FES that addresses the limitations of previous systems. In particular, this controller is a form of Repetitive Control (RC), which learns over the periodic nature of gait, does not assume resetting, reduces the data needed between periods, and has clear stability conditions. Simulations show that the 'point-to-point' generalisation of RC improves the convergence speed and robustness while only slightly decreasing the tracking accuracy of the entire reference. Experimental validation confirms that tracking accuracy is improved between 52% − 140% compared to existing drop-foot controllers, with a reduction in data used of 94%, compared to traditional RC. To address the challenge of pad placement, a framework to identify an optimal pad 'pattern' from thousands of pad combinations has been developed. Iterative learning control is then applied to tune the simulation levels for a static gesture. This was achieved with an error of 2.2 ◦ ±1.23◦ . Applying commercially inspired constraints restricted the pool of patterns and enabled an investigation into hardware and software simplifications for a commercial device.

Published
2020

9. QUEX leader behaviours and employee well-being - study 3: exploring Significant Leadership Incidents and Microbehaviours–Validation of Categories and Development of a Tool

Author

Steffens, Niklas K, Parker, Stacey, Haslam, S. Alexander, Peters, Kim Olivia, Page, Aaron, and Inceoglu, Ilke

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Leadership Studies, Leadership, Work-related well-being, Health, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

This registration modifies the original registration (Study 3) to update the data collection process pre-data collection. Please note that the pre-registration for study 3 is still valid. Sample: we added New Zealand and Ireland to widen the pool of potential participants. We set the minimum age for participation to 19 as applied in the questionnaires to increase the likelihood of including participants who have at least a couple of years of work experience. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be excluded from participation if they have enrolled on any prior surveys distributed for this research project. We added this criterion for inclusion to have an independent sample for validation purposes (i.e. not overlapping with Study 1 and 2). Participants who are not able to think of a significant behaviour (observed in their line manager) will be asked further questions regarding the frequency they interact with their manager. First, we ask them if they interacted with their manager in the past week (yes/no). If participants answer with “no”, we will then ask them questions regarding their demographic information, and they will not be asked any further questions. If they answer with “yes” participants will be asked to rate the frequency of the (micro-) behaviours displayed by their manager in the past week (Questionnaire 2, details are provided in the document). Subsequently, we will ask questions regarding their demographic information, and they will not be asked any further questions. We decided to invite participants who have not observed a significant behaviour in their line manager (as defined above) to complete Questionnaire 2 straight away (rather than inviting them to complete this questionnaire one week to 14 days later, together with those who have experienced a significant behaviour) in order to reduce attrition in the sample. Instructions for responding to items that ask about the extent to which participants believe the “significant behaviour” mentioned reflected specific microbehaviours, using newly developed items: we removed repetition of the leader’s name just before the items are presented, to simplify instructions. Questionnaire 2 will be sent to participants who observed a significant behaviour in their line manager about 14 days later, first asking them if they interacted with their manager in the past week (yes/no). Analysis – creating a shorter measure with micro-behaviours: we will combine samples (i.e. using all responses to Questionnaire 2) of those who observed a significant behaviour and those who did not. We will add a control variable to the analyses (experienced significant behaviour: yes/no), comparing the two groups.

Published
2023
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10. QUEX leader behaviours - study 2

Author

Inceoglu, Ilke, Peters, Kim, Mahdon, Michelle, Steffens, Niklas, Parker, Stacey, Page, Aaron, and Haslam, S.

Subjects
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Building on study 1 of this project, the aim of this study is to apply the same significant leadership incident approach to examine whether the behavioural categories uncovered in the exploratory study can be found and coded in a separate study sample.

Published
2022
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11. International Litigation

Author

Jackson, Katharine V., Page, Aaron Marr, Blackman, Jonathan I., Boccuzzi, Carmine D., Lawrence, William, Slater, Matthew D., Zelbo, Howard S., Woody, Karen E., Bergman, Neale H., Dye, Phillip B., and Kittila, Theodore A.

Published
2012

12. College calculators aren't precise, but they could easily be made better

Author

Page, Aaron AnthonyLindsay

Subjects
Student loans, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness, University of Northern Iowa -- Officials and employees
Abstract

Byline: Aaron AnthonyLindsay Page The best way to figure out how much you have to pay for college is not to go by the sticker price. Instead, it's to go [...]

Published
2021

14. QUEX leader behaviours and employee well-being - study 3

Author

Haslam, S. Alexander, Inceoglu, Ilke, Peters, Kim Olivia, Steffens, Niklas K, Page, Aaron, and Parker, Stacey

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Leadership Studies, Leadership, Psychology, Business, Organizational Behavior and Theory, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

The overarching aim of this project is to understand (1) the content of significant leadership incidents — that is, leader behaviours that have a substantial impact on followers’ perceptions of and feelings about their leaders — and (2) the impact of these incidents on follower health and wellbeing and identification with their leader. We completed an exploratory study using a significant incident approach which aimed to uncover the structure that underlies the content of significant leadership incidents and understand whether the underlying structure maps onto existing leadership constructs and to see how these factors relate to key workplace outcomes, specifically well-being, leader- and team identification. Using an inductive approach, emerging themes were coded by the research team. Behavioural categories were developed and refined in study 2. Building on study 1 and 2, the aim of this study is to validate the higher-level behavioural categories and to create a shorter measure for measuring leaders’ weekly micro behaviours using the behavioural categories.

Published
2021
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15. Repetitive control and electrode array pattern selection for FES-based drop-foot assistance

Author

Page, Aaron Peter. and Page, Aaron Peter.

Abstract

Drop-foot is a problem resulting from a range of neurological conditions. It is currently diagnosed in over 3 million people worldwide. Current technologies addressing Dropfoot have significant limitations, with 30% of people rejecting the established mechanical solutions due to; muscle wastage, size, noise and damage to dignity. Alternatively, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technology, which addresses the condition by directly recruiting the user’s muscles. This overcomes significant issues such as muscle wastage or restriction of freedom. However, it has limitations which include increased rate of fatigue in users, dependence on pad positions, and limited battery life. Further to this, the control of FES commercially is very crude, often leading to jerky or unnatural motion. More advanced controllers exist in the academic domain, but they assume that gait can be modelled as a resetting motion, require large amounts of data, or are unsuitable for clinical application due to problems in demonstrating stability. This thesis focuses on overcoming the limitation of current FES technology for dropfoot. It develops, simulates and applies a new form of closed-loop controller for FES that addresses the limitations of previous systems. In particular, this controller is a form of Repetitive Control (RC), which learns over the periodic nature of gait, does not assume resetting, reduces the data needed between periods, and has clear stability conditions. Simulations show that the ‘point-to-point’ generalisation of RC improves the convergence speed and robustness while only slightly decreasing the tracking accuracy of the entire reference. Experimental validation confirms that tracking accuracy is improved between 52% − 140% compared to existing drop-foot controllers, with a reduction in data used of 94%, compared to traditional RC. To address the challenge of pad placement, a framework to identify an optimal pad ‘pattern’ from thousands of pad combinations has be

Published
2020

17. Abrupt decline in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China after the outbreak of COVID-19

Author

Liu, Fei, primary, Page, Aaron, additional, Strode, Sarah A., additional, Yoshida, Yasuko, additional, Choi, Sungyeon, additional, Zheng, Bo, additional, Lamsal, Lok N., additional, Li, Can, additional, Krotkov, Nickolay A., additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, Levelt, Pieternel F., additional, Hauser, Oliver P., additional, and Joiner, Joanna, additional

Published
2020
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18. JUST COMPENSATION? WHETHER "BUSINESS & HUMAN RIGHTS" COMPENSATION AWARDS SHOULD EMBRACE DETERRENCE CONSIDERATIONS.

Author

PAGE, AARON MARR

Abstract

The Business & Human Rights (BHR) field increasingly dominates the discussion of corporate accountability for human rights violations. BHR, broadly, is the implementation of the U.N. Guiding Principles on Business & Human Rights (UNGPs), the "Third Pillar" of which guarantees Access to Remedy. Remedies under the UNGPs can be issued by company-led Operational- level Grievance Mechanisms (OGMs) as well as courts, and can theoretically come in many forms, although monetary compensation remains most typical. In issuing remedies, BHR currently follows the lead of international human rights (IHR) law more generally. It sets compensation awards by reference to the established mandate to make the affected person "whole," typically without reference to whether the award will serve as a deterrent to future human rights violations by the same or other actors. This Article proposes that BHR scholars and practitioners need to consider the dimensions of compensation awards beyond just compensation and more articulately discuss the role of the deterrence rationale in award formulation. It frankly reviews existing legal and political controversies surrounding deterrence in the civil damages context across different countries and, relatedly, the constrained nature of the role of deterrence in IHR. It then more narrowly considers whether the same constraints apply when the award debtor is a corporation rather than a State. It then turns to normative questions, asking whether BHR really needs deterrence given the deterrent threat of negative publicity and other tools leveraged in BHR practice. In contrast, the Article considers the broader role of deterrence in systemic legitimacy and more complex stakeholder interests, such as a company's interest in deterring cost-saving but rights-abusing practices by its competitors. The Article concludes that deterrence considerations could add critically-needed fuel to stalled existing efforts by IHR and BHR tribunals to more fully appreciate the multiple dimensions of harm caused by human rights abuse, and it argues that if BHR remedies are to deliver a justice that will be respected by stakeholder communities-and deliver corresponding finality and relationship benefits to companies-BHR may have to move past IHR precedent and more explicitly embrace deterrence considerations as an integral part of just compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

19. A Novel Oligomer as a Hole Transporting Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Qin, Peng, primary, Tetreault, Nicolas, additional, Dar, M. Ibrahim, additional, Gao, Peng, additional, McCall, Keri L., additional, Rutter, Simon R., additional, Ogier, Simon D., additional, Forrest, Neil D., additional, Bissett, James S., additional, Simms, Michael J., additional, Page, Aaron J., additional, Fisher, Raymond, additional, Grätzel, Michael, additional, and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, additional

Published
2014
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20. High Performance Organic Transistors Using Small Molecule Semiconductors and High Permittivity Semiconducting Polymers

Author

McCall, Keri L., primary, Rutter, Simon R., additional, Bone, Elizabeth L., additional, Forrest, Neil D., additional, Bissett, James S., additional, Jones, Julie D. E., additional, Simms, Michael J., additional, Page, Aaron J., additional, Fisher, Raymond, additional, Brown, Beverley A., additional, and Ogier, Simon D., additional

Published
2014
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21. A Novel Oligomer as a Hole Transporting Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Author

Qin, Peng, Tetreault, Nicolas, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Gao, Peng, McCall, Keri L., Rutter, Simon R., Ogier, Simon D., Forrest, Neil D., Bissett, James S., Simms, Michael J., Page, Aaron J., Fisher, Raymond, Grätzel, Michael, and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

Subjects
SOLAR cells, PEROVSKITE, SOLAR energy conversion, DIRECT energy conversion, PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation
Abstract

A polytriarylamine‐based oligomer is reported as a hole transporting material and its application in solid‐state CH3NH3PbI3 based heterojunction solar cells is described. It yields a power conversion efficiency of 12.0% under 99.6 mW cm–2 illumination. In addition to suitable energy levels and high hole mobility, the low preparation cost makes it a promising candidate for photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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22. International Litigation.

Author

PAGE, AARON MARR, BLACKMAN, JONATHAN I., BOCCUZZI, CARMINE D., LAWRENCE, WILLIAM F., DYE, JR., PHILLIP B., SLATER, MATTHEW D., ZELBO, HOWARD S., PATRIZIA, CHARLES A., PROFAIZER, JOSEPH R., BERGMAN, NEALE H., and KITTILA, THEODORE A.

Subjects
*GOVERNMENT liability (International law), *INTERNATIONAL litigation, *FOREIGN trade regulation, *INVESTMENT treaties, *INTERNATIONAL relations, BRITISH foreign relations
Abstract

In this article, the authors focus on the developments in international litigation in 2012. They offer information on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and discuss several courts cases including Abelesz v. Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Lozano v. Bosdet and EM Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina. They also mention the United Potato Growers of Canada (UPGC), the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Act of 1982 and Argentine-Great Britain bilateral investment treaty (BIT).

Published
2013

23. Regulation and the Trickle-Down Effect of Women in Leadership Roles: An Attention-Based View.

Author

Page, Aaron, Sealy, Ruth, and Parker, Andrew

Abstract

The gender diversity of a board can trickle-down to increase the representation of women in lower-level management roles. Although this relationship has been well established by prior research, little is known about how trickle-down effects are influenced by external events in a firm's environment. Using the attention-based view of the firm as a theoretical framework, we present a natural experiment that demonstrates how the trickle-down effect is influenced by regulation in a firm's external environment. Specifically, we focus on the implementation of a regulatory target aimed at increasing the representation of women on the boards of firms listed on the FTSE 350 Index. The results of this paper provide evidence of a positive relationship between female board representation and female senior management representation in the pre-regulation era. However, the introduction of regulation substantially weakens this trickle-down effect, such that the representation of women at board level ceases to have a meaningful impact on the subsequent representation of women in senior management. This suggests attention and action of the board and senior management team becomes misaligned after regulatory targets are set. We discuss the implications of the findings for research on trickle-down effects and the attention-based view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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24. A Novel Oligomer as a Hole Transporting Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Qin, Peng, Tetreault, Nicolas, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Gao, Peng, Mccall, Keri L., Rutter, Simon R., Ogier, Simon D., Forrest, Neil D., Bissett, James S., Simms, Michael J., Page, Aaron J., Fisher, Raymond, Graetzel, Michael, and Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

Subjects
TiO2 scaffolds, hole transporting materials, oligomers, perovskite solar cells, power conversion efficiency
Abstract

(Figure Presented) A polytriarylamine-based oligomer is reported as a hole transporting material and its application in solid-state CH3NH3PbI3 based heterojunction solar cells is described. It yields a power conversion efficiency of 12.0% under 99.6 mW cm-2 illumination. In addition to suitable energy levels and high hole mobility, the low preparation cost makes it a promising candidate for photovoltaics. © 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KYWGaA.

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