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Gingival enlargement, an increase in the size of the gingiva, is common feature of gingival disease. This can be a cosmetic as well as a pathological problem which can interfere with mastication and speech, impede effective plaque control or malalignment of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organ donation has been one of the greatest advances of modern science that has resulted in many patients getting a renewed lease of life. Organs can be donated by a living person, after natural death, and many more organs can be donated after brain stem death (BSD) as "cadaver transplant" or "deceased donor transplant". It is believed that youths are the leading decision-makers in families. So identifying their concerns regarding organ donation, creating awareness in them and changing their beliefs may increase the number of consents for organ donation in the long run., Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was done among 206 students of nine degree colleges (arts, science and commerce streams) using random sampling during the study duration of 18 months., Results: One hundred two (48.57%) participants were willing to donate their organs after their BSD, while after the session in post test, the number increased significantly to 163 (77.61%). And when this increase was compared within streams, it was found that there was no significant difference in knowledge of students of arts, science and commerce streams. ( P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Willingness to donate their own organs or that of the relative's in case of brain stem death had increased significantly after session in the post test. And there was no significant difference found in the increase in knowledge when compared with all the three streams, religion, and gender, which indicates that the level of increase in knowledge amongst arts and commerce students is comparable to that of science students., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

1,3-Dienes are ubiquitous and easily synthesized starting materials for organic synthesis, and alkyl acrylates are among the most abundant and cheapest feedstock carbon sources. A practical, highly enantioselective union of these two readily available precursors giving valuable, enantio-pure skipped 1,4-diene esters (with two configurationally defined double bonds) is reported. The process uses commercially available cobalt salts and chiral ligands. As illustrated by the use of 20 different substrates, including 17 prochiral 1,3-dienes and 3 acrylates, this hetero-dimerization reaction is tolerant of a number of common organic functional groups (e.g., aromatic substituents, halides, isolated mono- and di-substituted double bonds, esters, silyl ethers, and silyl enol ethers). The novel results including ligand, counterion, and solvent effects uncovered during the course of these investigations show a unique role of a possible cationic Co(I) intermediate in these reactions. The rational evolution of a mechanism-based strategy that led to the eventual successful outcome and the attendant support studies may have further implications for the expanding use of low-valent group 9 metal complexes in organic synthesis.