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Gram pod borer, Helicoverpaarmigera Hubner is known to be a major constraint of chickpea production which causes serious economic loess. The management of this pest in any crop is always been challenge to the growers, famers and researcher. Thus, present study evaluated some promising entomopathogenic fungi for the sustainable management of H. armigera to minimize the economic loss in chickpea. Five different fungal isolates viz; Beauveriabassiana, Trichodermavirens, Trichodermahamatum, Trichodermakoningii, and Paecilomyces sp. were used as entomopathogenic against gram pod borer, through dipping and poison food methods under laboratory conditions. The entomopathogenic potential of different fungal strains revealed significantly (P

Eight new β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), including the hypothemycin-type compounds paecilomycins N-P (1-3) and the radicicol-type metabolites dechloropochonin I (4), monocillins VI (5) and VII (6), 4′-hydroxymonocillin IV (7), and 4′-methoxymonocillin IV (8), along with nine known RALs (9-17), were isolated from the cultures of Paecilomyces sp. SC0924. Compounds 1 and 2 feature a novel 6/11/5 ring system, and 3 is the first 5′-keto RAL. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations of ECD spectra. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 exhibit cytotoxicity against MCF-7, A549, and HeLa cells, and compounds 5 and 7 display antifungal activity against Peronophythora litchii.

International audience; Paecilomyces sp. are emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report here a case of Paecilomyces variotii fungemia, cured with amphotericin and anidulafungin, illustrating difficulties of early diagnosis and therapeutic choice in such rare fungal infection.

The nematophagous – fungi Paecilomyces sp. is curently developed as a biocontrol agent against plant parasitic nematodes (Khan et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2007). Biological control agents can infiltrate certain nematode sites and destroy them by producing some enzymes including chitinase (Khadijeh et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to purify, determine the chitinase activity from Paecilomyces sp. P1. With Lugol reagent, chitinase of this strain was characterized by diffusion on agar plate. Chitinase specific activity was determined by measuring the release of reducing saccharides from colloidal chitin by the N-acetyl-glucosamine-dinitrosalicylate method at 540 nm. By using the saturated (NH4)2SO4 precipitation at 65% concentration, DEAE A-50 ion exchange chromatography and SDS - PAGE concentration 12.5%, chitinase molecules weigh nearly 50kDa, having a specific activity of 133,3 U/mg, 2,1-fold higher than that of supernatant. Furthermore, method of testing with the nematode Meloidogyne sp., the ability to kill nematodes of Paecilomyces sp. P1 reached 58% efficiency in 96h. These results were a scientific basis for the application of Paecilomyces sp. P1 in the production of nematode insecticides. Keywords Paecilomyces sp. P1; chitinase; purify, biocontrol, Meloidogyne sp References [1] Nguyễn Ngọc Châu, Tuyến trùng thực vật và cơ sở phòng trừ, NXBKHKTHN, 2003.[2] Nguyễn Hữu Quân, Vũ Văn Hạnh, Quyền Đình Thi, Phạm Thị Huyền, Tinh sạch và đánh giá tính chất lý hóa của chitinase từ nấm Lecanicillium lecanii, Kỷ yếu Hội nghị Công nghệ Sinh học toàn quốc, 1 (2013) 426.[3] CM Baratto, V Dutra, JT Boldo, LB Leiria, MH Vainstein, A. Schrank Isolation, characterization and transcriptional analysis of the chitinase chi2 gene (DQ011663) from the biocontrol fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae., Curr Microbiol, 53 (2006) 217.[4] D. Wharton,. Nematode eggshells, Parasitology 81 (1980) 447.[5] F. A. Zaki, D. S. Bhatti , Effect of castor (Ricinus communus) and the biocontrol fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus on Meloidogyne javanica, Nematologica 36 (1980) 114.[6] H. M. Hussein Al Ajrami., Evaluation the Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus as a Biocontrol Agent of Meloidogyne javanica on Tomato in Gaza Strip, Faculty of science Master of Biological Sciences Microbiology., 2016.[7] J. De la Cruz, A Hidalgo-Gallego, JM Lora, T Benitez, JA Pintor-Toro, A Llobell , Isolation and characterization of three chitinases from Trichoderma harzianum., Eur. J. Biochem,. 206 (1992) 859.[8] JLD Marco, MC Valadares-Inglis . Purification and characterization of an N-acetylglucosaminidase produced by a Trichodermaharzianum strain which controls Crinipellis perniciosa. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 64 (2003) 70.[9] JLD Marco , LHC Lima, MV Sousa MV, CR Felix A Trichoderma harzianum chitinase destroys the cell wall of the phytopathogen Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of witches’ broomof cocoa, J Microbiol Biotechnol 16 (2000) 383.[10] Khan Alamgir, Williams Keith, Mark P. Molloy, and Nevalainen Henlena, Purification and characterization of a serine protease and chitinases from Paecilomyces lilacinus and detection of chitinase activity on 2D gels, Protein Expression and Purification 32 (2003) 210.[11] Khadijeh Abbsi, Doustmorad ZAFARI, Robert WICK., Evaluation of chitinase enzyme in fungal isolates obtained from golden potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2 (2017) 179.[12] Kopparapu Narasimha Kumar, Peng Zhou, Shuping Zhang, Qiaojuan Yan, Zhuqing Liu, Zhengqiang Jiang, Purification and characterization of a novel chitinase gene from Paecilomyces thermophila expressed in Escherichia coli. Carbonhydrate Reseach 347 (2012) 155.[13] Methanee Homthong, Anchanee Kubera, Matana Srihuttagum, Vipa Hongtrakul, Isolation and characterization of chitinase from soil fungi, Paecilomyces sp. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1 (2016) 50.[14] RS Patil, V Ghormade, MV Desphande MV ,Chitinolytic enzymes: an exploration. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26 (2002) 473[15] RJ Leger St , RM Cooper, AK Charnley, Characterization of chitinase and chitobiase produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58 (1991) 415.[16] S Leger, RJ Joshi RJ, RJ Bidochka, DW Roberts . Characterization and ultrastructural localization of Metarhizium anisopliae, M. xavoviride, and Beauveria bassiana during fungal invasion of host (Manduca sexta) cuticle. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 (1996)907.[17] SC Kang, S. Park, DG Lee ,, Purification and characterization of a novel chitinase from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhiziumanisopliae. J Invertebr Pathol., 73 (1999) 276.[18] P.J.M Bonants, P.F.L. Fitters, H. Thijs, E. den Belder, C. Waalwijk, J.W.D.M. Henfling. A basic serine protease from Paecilomyces lilacinus with biological activity against Meloidogyne hapla eggs, Microbiology 141(1995) 75.[19] VE Tikhonov, LV Lopez-Llorca, J Salinas, HB Jansson . Purification and characterization of chitinases from the nematophagous fungi Verticillium chlamydosporium and V. suchlasporium, Fungal Genet Biol (2002) 67[20] Van Nam Nguyen, YJ Kim, KT Oh, WJ Jung, RD Park , The antifungal activity of chitinases from Trichoderma aureoviride DY-59 and Rhizopus microsporus VS-9. Curr. Microbiol 56 (2008) 28.[21] Van Nam Nguyen, In-Jae Oh, Young-Ju Kim, Kil-Yong Kim, Young-Cheol Kim, Ro-Dong Par J Ind., Purification and characterization of chitinases from Paecilomyces variotii DG-3 parasitizing on Meloidogyne incognita eggs, (2009) 195[22] Z. Perveen and S. Shahzad S., , A comparative study of the efficacy of Paecilomyces species against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 31 (2013) 125

Se realizó un estudio biotecnológico para abatir el contenido resinoso de astilla de pino del estado de Durango y evitar los problemas asociados con la formación de pitch en la producción de pulpa mecánica. Se aislaron 49 cepas nativas que degradaron ácidos resínicos y precursores de pitch. Entre las mejores cepas se identificaron a Paecilomyces sp., Penicillum sp., Phialophora sp., Trichosporon sp., Rhodotorula sp., Cryptococcus sp. y Chryseomonas luteola. Esta última fue la más eficiente con un rendimiento de 87,3 % a nivel matraz, por lo que fue probada preliminarmente en fermentación sólida tipo heap leaching. La cepa Paecilomyces sp. rindió 86,6 % de efectividad a nivel matraz y fue probada en fermentación semisólida. Los resultados de las pruebas a nivel matraz fueron muy superiores a los obtenidos de manera preliminar en las fermentaciones sólidas.

Chitinolytic fungal strains were isolated from soil in Thailand. They were screened as chitinase producers by testing their shrimp shell digestion ability on potato dextrose agar plates. The chitinase activity was tested with colloidal chitin in culture medium C and basal medium. There was greater activity in culture medium C than in the basal medium. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis from the culture filtrate of medium C showed three protein bands at about 40 kDa, 46 kDa and 56 kDa. The chitinase gene was sequenced from genomic DNA. The obtained sequence consisted of 713 bp upstream, a 1499 bp open reading frame that was interrupted by three introns and 1698 bp downstream sequences. The intron lengths were 63 bp, 57 bp and 110 bp, respectively. The sequence was found to be the most similar to the chitinase gene of Paecilomyces lilacinus (EF183511). Pairwise alignment of the 1499 bp and P. lilacinus resulted in 72.5% DNA sequence identity, while alignment of the 1269 bp coding sequence and P. lilacinus resulted in 78.5% cDNA sequence identity and 83.5% amino acid sequence identity. The protein structure contained two conserved domains of the putative substrate binding site (S-I-G-G) and catalytic domain (D-G-I-D-L-D-W-E), suggesting that this fungal chitinase belonged to the glycosyl hydrolases family 18 chitinase (GH18). Phylogenetic analysis of the chitinase gene from the nematopathogenic fungi suggested that this chitinase sequence was class V chitinase.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fractionation of extracts from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus, Paecilomyces sp. 7A22, resulted in the isolation of the harzialactone A (HA), a known compound previously isolated from fungi of marine environments. The chemical structure of HA was determined by spectroscopic analyses. Upon evaluation of HA on antileishmanial assays against Leishmania amazonensis, HA exhibited significant activity against promastigotes forms with IC50 of 5.25 µg mL−1 and moderate activity against intracellular amastigotes with IC50 of 18.18 µg mL−1. This is the first report on the antileishmanial activity of HA, and the effects of HA presented in this work suggest that this class of compounds are suitable for future biological in vitro and in vivo studies for the search of natural products with activity against Leishmania spp. Furthermore, the present results corroborate marine-derived fungi as a promising source of natural products with antiparasitic activity. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas UNESP–Univ. Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Universidade de Franca Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas UNESP–Univ. Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos

Two new diterpenoids, named paecilomycine A (1) and paecilomycine B (2), including a novel skeleton with a five-membered lactone ring, together with three known labdane diterpenoids, rel-(1R,3S,4aS,5R,8aS)-5-[(3E)-4-carboxy-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl]decahydro-3-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidenenaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3), botryosphaerin E (4), and agathic acid (5), were isolated from solid culture of the insect pathogenic fungi strain Paecilomyces sp. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic studies. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.

An efficient and unique proteomic response is important for fungi to survive in marine environments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The marine-derived fungus

The present study is carried out to investigate the fungal species present in water of Shahid Rajaeii damlake in Sari, (Mazandaran province). Samples were taken from five stations including, Station 1: Input of Shirinrud river, station 2: Input of Sefidrud river, Station 3: The confluence of the two branches, Station 4: dam crest and stations 5: Output dam from June to February 2012. Every sample was diluted by sterile saline (10-1 and 10-2) and 0.5 mL from each dilution was cultured on SD and incubated at 27-30°C for 3-5 days. Finally, the number of colonies wasrecorded as (colony forming unit = CFU) per 100 mL. Identification of fungal agents were conducted by slide culture preparation and stained in lacto-phenol blue. The results showed that in August and February were significantly highest and lowest rates of fungal colonies were isolated from water in different stations respectively. Moreover, the number of fungal colonies in the crown and the output was significantly higher than other stations. The frequency of identified fungi were: Aspergillus species (31.4%), various types of yeast (mainly Candida) (24.2%), Penicillium sp. (19.3%), Cladosporium sp.(10.3%), Mucor sp. (5.4%), Fusarium sp. (2.9%), sterile hype (2.8%), Alternaria sp. (2.3%) and Paecilomyces sp. (1.4%). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Three new β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), paecilomycins G–I (1–3), and eight known compounds, aigialomycins B–D (4–6), 1′,2′-epoxy aigialomycin D (7), zearalenone (8), 7′-dehydrozearalenone (9), and trans-7′,8′-dehydrozearalenol (10), antibiotic LL-Z1640-1 (11), were isolated from the mycelial solid culture of Paecilomyces sp. SC0924. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and chemical means. In an assessment of antifungal activity by the well plate diffusion method, five known RALs, 4–7 and 11 showed weak activities against Peronophythora litchii

Aislamiento e identificación de hongos nematófagos nativos de zonas arroceras de Costa Rica. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar hongos nematófagos en fincas arroceras de Costa Rica. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de abril del 2008 a agosto de 2009. Fueron analizadas muestras de suelo provenientes de tres regiones productoras de arroz de Costa Rica: Pacífico Central, Huetar Atlántica y Chorotega, mediante el método de espolvoreado en placa en búsqueda de hongos nematófagos. Los hongos aislados fueron identificados como Trichoderma sp., Penici-llium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium tabacinum, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Monacrosporium sp., Gonatobotrys sp., Geotrichium sp., Phythium sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Phoma sp., Oomycete y mi-celio estéril. Los resultados sugieren una alta diversidad de hongos nematófagos con potencial para ser utilizados como agentes de control biológico. Isolation and identification of nematophagous fungi from native rice-producing areas of Costa Rica. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify nematophagous fungi from rice-producing areas of Costa Rica. The study was conducted between April 2008 to August 2009. Soil from three rice-producing regions of Costa Rica, Central Pacifi c, Atlantic and Region Huetar Chorotega were analyzed by the sprinkling plate method in search of nematophagous fungi. The fungal isolated were identifi ed as Trichoderma sp., Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium tabacinum, Fusarium sp., Monacrosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., Phythium sp., Cladosporium, Curvularia sp., Phoma sp., Oomycete and sterile mycelium. The results suggest a high diversity of nematophagous fungi with potential for use as biological control agents.

Paeciloxocins A and B (2-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)- and 2-(1-acetoxy-3-methylbutyl)- 11-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-methoxy-5H,7H-dibenzo[b,g]-1,5-dioxocin-5-ones), viz., two new metabolites, were isolated from the mangrove fungus Paecilomyces sp. collected from the Taiwan Strait. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods. Paeciloxocin A exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the hepG2 cell line.

Several species of the family Culicidae are important vectors of diseases in humans and other animals. Immature stages are filter-feeders of organic particulate matter and microorganisms. Studies on microbial diversity can contribute to the discovery of new substances that can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for food or for biological control. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi associated with Culicidae larvae found in different habitats (natural and artificial), such as fruit shells, rock holes, lakes, aquatic plants, palm bracts and ceramic pots, in several municipalities of Brazilian Amazonia, especially in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia. A total of 38 fungal lineages were isolated from larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz), Trichoprosopon digitatum (Rondani), Anopheles argyritarsis argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, Anopheles darlingi Root, Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribálzaga), Mansonia titillans (Walker) and Uranotaenia sp. The following fungi occurred associated with the larvae of Culicidae: Acremonium kiliense, Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium sacchari var. sacchari, Fusarium merismoides var. merismoides, Gliocladium viride, Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Penicillium melinii and Penicillium oxalicum. Macro- and microscopic characteristics of the lineages are presented, as well as information on their geographical distribution. Algumas espécies da família Culicidae são importantes vetores de doenças em humanos e em outros animais. Estágios imaturos são filtradores não seletivos de partículas orgânicas e microrganismos. Estudos da diversidade microbiológica podem contribuir para a descoberta de novas substâncias que podem ser usadas em indústrias farmacêuticas, para alimentação ou para controle biológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e identificar os fungos associados a larvas de Culicidae encontradas em diferentes tipos de criadouros (natural e artificial), como casca de frutos, buracos em pedras, lagoas, plantas aquáticas, bráctea de palmeira e potes de cerâmica, em vários municípios da Amazônia Brasileira, principalmente no Amazonas e em Rondônia. O total de 38 isolados foram obtidos a partir de larvas de Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz), Trichoprosopon digitatun (Rondani), Anopheles argyritarsis argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, Anopheles darlingi Root, Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribálzaga), Mansonia titillans (Walker) e Uranotaenia sp. Os fungos que ocorreram nas larvas de Culicidae foram: Acremonium kiliense, Aspergillus sydowii, Fusarium sacchari var. sacchari, Fusarium merismoides var. merismoides, Gliocladium viride, Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Penicillium melinii, Penicillium oxalicum. Características macro-microscópicas dos isolados foram apresentadas, assim como informações sobre a distribuição geográfica.

Two new diterpenoids, named paecilomycine A (1) and paecilomycine B (2), including a novel skeleton with a five-membered lactone ring, together with three known labdane diterpenoids, rel-(1R,3S,4aS,5R,8aS)-5-[(3E)-4-carboxy-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl]decahydro-3-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidenenaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3), botryosphaerin E (4), and agathic acid (5), were isolated from solid culture of the insect pathogenic fungi strain Paecilomyces sp. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic studies. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.

Four new β-resorcylic acid lactones, paecilomycins J–M, all possessing an oxygen bridge between C-2′ and C-5′ to form a tetrahydrofuran ring, were isolated from the mycelial solid culture of Paecilomyces sp. SC0924. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and chemical means. Paecilomycin M exhibited weak antifungal activity against Peronophythora litchii.

Seven ergosterol derivatives (1-7) were isolated from silkworm larvae infected with Paecilomyces sp. J300. On the basis of spectroscopic means, their structures have been elucidated as 3beta,5alpha-dihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene (1), 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14), 22-diene-3beta, 7alpha-diol (2), 5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8,22-diene-3beta,7alpha-diol (3), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene-3-one (4), ergosterol (5), ergosterol endoperoxide (6), 3beta,5alpha-dihydroxy-6beta-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene (7). Compounds 3-7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against five tumor cells.

Exopolysaccharide basic was obtained from a submerged culture of a native Paecilomyces sp. strain isolated from Chilean soil

Maillard reaction inhibitors could be useful therapeutics for diabetes and other age-related diseases. We isolated for the first time 4-O-demethylsilvaticol (1) and (−)-mitorubrin (2) as Maillard reaction inhibitors from Paecilomyces sp. 3193B. Among the isolated inhibitors, 2 showed most potent inhibitory effect by an SDS–PAGE assay on cross-linked protein formation and by a fluorescent assay on AGE formation.

El pasador del fruto, Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin, es un insecto que ha acentuado su ataque en cultivos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en los últimos años en Norte de Santander (Colombia). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la patogenicidad de las cepas nativas Giav-3 Paecilomyces sp. y Giav-4 Lecanicillium sp. sobre larvas de C. foraseminis. Para el efecto, se realizaron aislamientos a partir de muestras de suelo recolectadas en el municipio de Tibú, Norte de Santander. Después de obtenidos los cultivos puros se procedió a la caracterización macroscópica y microscópica para la identificación del género de los aislados mediante claves taxonómicas. La infección fue realizada mediante inmersión de larvas en las suspensiones de los aislados en concentraciones de 0, 10(6), 10(7) y 10(8) conidios/ml. En ambos aislados se observó una tendencia lineal respecto a la mortalidad, la cual fue directamente proporcional a las concentraciones del inóculo. La CL50 y CL90 para Giav-3 fue de 10(6.95) y 10(8.70) conidios/ml y para Giav-4 de 10(6.6) y 10(8.04) conidios/ml, respectivamente. Lo cual indica que esta última requirió la menor concentración de inóculo para eliminar el 50% y 90% de la población tratada, lo que supone una mayor efectividad contra las larvas. The fruit borer, Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin, is an insect that has increased up its attack in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in recent years in northern Santander, Colombia. The objective was to evaluate the pathogenicity of two native strains Paecilomyces sp. Giav-3 and Lecanicillium sp. Giav-4, on larvae of C. foraseminis. Isolations were made from soil samples collected in the municipality of Tibú, Northern Santander, Colombia. After obtaining pure cultures, macroscopic and microscopic characterization for gender identification of the strains using taxonomic keys was done. The evaluation was conducted by immersion of larvae in suspensions of the isolates at concentrations of 0, 10(6), 10(7) and 10(8) conidia/ml. For both strains there was a linear trend in mortality, which was directly proportional to the concentrations of the inoculum. The LC50 and LC90 for Giav-3 were 10(6.95) and 10(8.70) conidia/ ml, and for Giav-4 was 10(6.6) and 10(8.04) conidia/ml, respectively. This indicates that Giav-4 required the lowest concentration of inoculum to remove 50 to 90% of the treated population, indicating it is more effective against larvae.

El pasador del fruto, Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin, es un insecto que ha acentuado su ataque en cultivos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en los últimos años en Norte de Santander (Colombia). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la patogenicidad de las cepas nativas Giav-3 Paecilomyces sp. y Giav-4 Lecanicillium sp. sobre larvas de C. foraseminis. Para el efecto, se realizaron aislamientos a partir de muestras de suelo recolectadas en el municipio de Tibú, Norte de Santander. Después de obtenidos los cultivos puros se procedió a la caracterización macroscópica y microscópica para la identificación del género de los aislados mediante claves taxonómicas. La infección fue realizada mediante inmersión de larvas en las suspensiones de los aislados en concentraciones de 0, 106, 107 y 108 conidios/ml. En ambos aislados se observó una tendencia lineal respecto a la mortalidad, la cual fue directamente proporcional a las concentraciones del inóculo. La CL50 y CL90 para Giav-3 fue de 106.95 y 108.70 conidios/ml y para Giav-4 de 106.6 y 108.04 conidios/ml, respectivamente. Lo cual indica que esta última requirió la menor concentración de inóculo para eliminar el 50% y 90% de la población tratada, lo que supone una mayor efectividad contra las larvas. The fruit borer,Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin, is an insect that has increased up its attack in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in recent years in northern Santander, Colombia. The objectivewas to evaluatethe pathogenicity of two native strains Paecilomyces sp. Giav-3andLecanicilliumsp. Giav-4,on larvae of C.foraseminis. Isolations were made from soil samples collected in the municipality of Tibú, Northern Santander, Colombia. After obtaining pure cultures,macroscopic and microscopic characterization for gender identification of the strains using taxonomic keys was done. The evaluation was conducted by immersion of larvae in suspensions of the isolates at concentrations of 0, 106, 107 and 108conidia/ml. Forboth strains there was a linear trend in mortality, which was directly proportional to the concentrations of the inoculum. The LC50 and LC90 for Giav-3 were 106.95 and 108.70 conidia/ml, and for Giav-4 was 106.6 and 108.04conidia/ml, respectively. This indicates that Giav-4 required the lowest concentration of inoculum to remove 50 to 90% of the treated population, indicating it is more effective against larvae.

A ovinocultura tem posição de destaque na exploração comercial e de subsistência. Porém, as práticas adotadas nos criatórios contribuem para a ocorrência de doenças parasitárias, que constituem um dos principais entraves para esse setor produtivo. O uso de anti-helmínticos comerciais nos animais, além de ser oneroso, permite a seleção para a resistência às bases anti-helmínticas. Resíduos desses produtos ainda podem contaminar o homem, permanecendo na carne e no leite dos ovinos, ou no meio ambiente. Os fungos são considerados fontes promissoras de metabólitos secundários para uso terapêutico. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia anti-helmíntica in vitro de fungos ascomicetos e basidiomiceto no controle de Haemonchus contortus sob diferentes formas de preparo. Realizaram-se testes de inibição da eclodibilidade (IE) e de inibição de desenvolvimento larval (IDL) para determinar a eficácia do pó bruto, extrato aquoso e etanólico de Agaricus brasiliensis, e do filtrado e extrato etanólico de Aspergillus terreus, Paecilomyces sp. e Trichoderma longibrachiatum. O filtrado e extrato etanólico de A. brasiliensis apresentaram eficácias de 100% na IE de Haemonchus contortus em todas as concentrações testadas. O pó bruto apresentou eficácia de 98,39% na IDL. Para os ascomicetos, verificou-se eficácias na IE superior a 96% para os extratos etanólicos. Entretanto, as concentrações efetivas variaram em função dos gêneros dos fungos. Na IDL, o filtrado de Trichoderma longibrachiatum foi efetivo na concentração 0,79 mg/g, com eficácia de 92,8%. Conclui-se que os fungos estudados apresentam potencial promissor para o controle alternativo de Haemonchus contortus de ovinos. The sheep industry has an outstanding position in the commercial exploitation and subsistence. However, the practices adopted in farms contribute to the occurrence of parasitic diseases, which constitute a major obstacle to this productive sector. The use of anthelmintics trade in animals, besides being costly, allows selection for resistance to bases anthelmintic. These waste products can still infect man, remaining in the meat and milk of sheep, or in the environment. The fungi are considered promising sources of secondary metabolites for therapeutic use. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy anthelmintic basidiomycete and ascomycete fungi in vitro in control of Haemonchus contortus under different preparation methods. Tests were conducted inhibition hatchability (IH) and inhibition of larval development (ILD) to determine the efficacy of crude powder, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Agaricus brasiliensis, and the filtrate and ethanolic extract of Aspergillus terreus, Paecilomyces sp. Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The filtrate and the ethanol extract of A. brasiliensis showed 100% efficacy in IH contortus at all concentrations tested. The crude powder showed an efficacy of 98.39% in ILD. For the ascomycetes, it was found efficacies in IH greater than 96% for the ethanol extracts. However, the effective concentrations varied as afunction of the genera of fungi. In ILD, the filtrate of Trichoderma longibrachiatum was effective at the concentration 0.79 mg / g, with an efficiency of 92.8%. It is concluded that fungi studied have promising potential alternative to the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep.

Entomopathogenic fungi are important controllers of pest-insects populations in agricultural production systems and in natural environment. These fungi have enzymatic machinery which involve since the recognition and adherence of spores in their hosts culminating with infection and death of these insects. The main objective of this study was to analyzed extracellular enzyme production of the fungi strains Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces sp when cultured on substrates. These fungi were grown in minimal media containing specific substrates for the analysis of different enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, esterases, lipases, proteases (gelatin and caseinase), pectinases and cuticles of Musca domestica larvae and adults. All the assays were performed with and without the presence of dextrose in the culture media. The quantification of enzyme activity was performed by the ratio of halo / colony (H/C) and the results subjected to variance analysis level of 5% (ANOVA) followed by post-Tukey test. All strains were positive for lipase and also they showed a high significant enzyme production for gelatin at concentrations of 4 and 1%. B. bassiana and Paecilomyces sp. were positive for amylase, pectinase and caseinase, and only Paecilomyces sp. showed cellulase activity.

The objective of this study was to isolate and identifynematophagous fungi from rice-producing areas of CostaRica. The study was conducted between April 2008 toAugust 2009. Soil from three rice-producing regions ofCosta Rica, Central Pacifi c, Atlantic and Region HuetarChorotega were analyzed by the sprinkling plate methodin search of nematophagous fungi. The fungal isolatedwere identifi ed as Trichoderma sp., Paecilomyces sp.,Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium tabacinum, Fusariumsp., Monacrosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp.,Phythium sp., Cladosporium, Curvularia sp., Phoma sp.,Oomycete and sterile mycelium. The results suggest a highdiversity of nematophagous fungi with potential for use asbiological control agents. El objetivo dela presente investigación fue identifi car hongos nematófagosen fi ncas arroceras de Costa Rica. El estudio se realizóentre los meses de abril del 2008 a agosto de 2009. Fueronanalizadas muestras de suelo provenientes de tres regionesproductoras de arroz de Costa Rica: Pacífi co Central, HuetarAtlántica y Chorotega, mediante el método de espolvoreadoen placa en búsqueda de hongos nematófagos. Los hongosaislados fueron identifi cados como Trichoderma sp., Penicilliumsp., Paecilomyces sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusariumtabacinum, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Monacrosporiumsp., Gonatobotrys sp., Geotrichium sp., Phythium sp., Cladosporiumsp., Curvularia sp., Phoma sp., Oomycete y micelioestéril. Los resultados sugieren una alta diversidad dehongos nematófagos con potencial para ser utilizados comoagentes de control biológico.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis kandungan senyawa polifenol dari hasil fermentasi Paecilomyces sp isolat fungi endofit kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis senyawa polifenol yang terkandung dalam hasil fermentasi Paecilomyces sp dari isolat fungi endofit kulit buah kakao. Isolat fungi endofit kulit buah kakao difermentasi dengan kecepatan 150 rpm selama 3 hari di dalam media kultur, kemudian difermentasi ke dalam media produksi. Hasil fermentasi kemudian disonikasi selama 5 menit. Supernatan hasil fermentasi dipartisi dengan corong pisah menggunakan penyari etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat yang diperoleh diuji kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif ekstrak etil asetat yang dipartisi dengan air menunjukkan pada lapisan air mengandung senyawa polifenol. Analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS menunjukkan kandungan senyawa polifenol total pada lapisan air ekstrak etil asetat hasil fermentasi isolat fungi endofit kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebesar 0,275% b/b dihitung sebagai asam galat.

Isolation and structure elucidation of two new compounds, paeciloxocins A (Ia) and B (Ib), are described.

The ability to reduce chromium (VI) by a fungal strain of Paecilomyces sp was studied. When it was incubated in minimal medium with glucose and other inexpensive commercial carbon sources such as unrefined and brown sugar or glycerol, in the presence of 50 mg/L of Cr(VI), the strain caused complete removal of Cr(VI). The reduction to Cr (III) occurs in the growth medium after 7 days of incubation, at 28°C, pH 4.0, and inoculum of 38 mg. Also, the fungi efficiently reduced the concentration of Cr(VI) from contaminated soil wastes. The results indicate that the fungal strain of Paecilomyces sp has the capacity of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and therefore it could be useful for the removal of Cr(VI) pollution.

Se aisló un hongo resistente y capaz de remover cromo hexavalente a partir del medio ambiente de una zona cercana a la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de San Luis Potosí en México. La cepa fue identificada como Paecilomyces sp, en base a sus características macro y microscópicas. La biomasa fúngica remueve eficientemente Cromo (VI) en solución y puede utilizarse para descontaminar nichos acuáticos contaminados, ya que 1 g de biomasa fúngica remueve 100 y 1000 mg/100 mL del metal a una y tres horas de incubación, y elimina totalmente 297 mg Cr(VI)/g de tierra contaminada.

Se analizó la capacidad de remoción de Cr(VI) de una cepa de Paecilomyces sp. Cuando el hongo se incubó en medio mínimo con glucosa y otras fuentes de carbono comerciales y de bajo costo, como azúcar moscabada y piloncillo ó glicerol, en presencia de 50 mg/L de Cr(VI), removió totalmente el Cr(VI). La reducción a Cr(III) ocurre en el medio de cultivo después de 7 días de incubación a 28°C, pH 4.0, y un inoculo de 38 mg. El hongo también redujo eficientemente la concentración de Cr(VI) a partir de tierra contaminada. Los resultados indican que la cepa de Paecilomyces sp tiene la capacidad de reducir Cr(VI) a Cr(III), y por lo tanto puede utilizarse para eliminar la contaminación por Cr(VI). The ability to reduce chromium (VI) by a fungal strain of Paecilomyces sp was studied. When it was incubated in minimal medium with glucose and other inexpensive commercial carbon sources such as unrefined and brown sugar or glycerol, in the presence of 50 mg/L of Cr(VI), the strain caused complete removal of Cr(VI). The reduction to Cr (III) occurs in the growth medium after 7 days of incubation, at 28°C, pH 4.0, and inoculum of 38 mg. Also, the fungi efficiently reduced the concentration of Cr(VI) from contaminated soil wastes. The results indicate that the fungal strain of Paecilomyces sp has the capacity of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and therefore it could be useful for the removal of Cr(VI) pollution.

Compounds BM2419-1 and -2 were isolated from a culture broth of a fungus Paecilomyces sp. BM2419. It was shown that these novel compounds were artifacts derived from saintopin, a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I and II by independent processes. In the human topoisomerase I inhibition assay using the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BM2419-1 and -2 inhibited selectively the yeast growth dependent on human topoisomerase I induction with IC50 values of 0.3 ng/ml and 6.0 ng/ml, respectively.

Se identificó a Meloidogyne incognita como la especie del nematodo agallador que parásita al cultivo del guayabo, en la región de Calvillo (Aguascalientes, México). También se aisló hongos y bacterias benéficos asociados a suelo y raíces colectadas en las localidades de Cerro Blanco, Mesa Grande, La Labor y Malpaso. Veinte muestras distintas de Meloidogyne sp., fueron identificadas tomando en cuenta las características de patrones perineales de las hembras adultas así como por la observación de la región anterior de los machos. La especie Meloidogyne incognita fue identificada en todas las muestras. Los microorganismos benéficos aislados y asociados a la rizósfera del guayabo con uso potencial en control biológico, pertenecen a las especies de Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis B. megaterium y Paecilomyces farinosus. Además los nematodos edáficos Rhabditis y Mononchus fueron identificados en las muestras.

A polysaccharide separated from Paecilomyces sp. was determined by gel permeation chromatography to be homogeneous. HPLC showed a monosaccharide containing d-glucose and d-fructose at a ratio of about 2:1. The results obtained from IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses confirmed the proposed structure.

A 74-year-old woman developed a deep keratitis presenting with an endothelial plaque without overlying stromal involvement. Owing to the characteristic clinical appearance, she was provisionally diagnosed with a Paecilomyces sp. keratitis. Corneal scrapings and aqueous humour samples were culture negative. The difficulties in diagnosing Paecilomyces sp. keratitis are discussed. The patient's keratitis was managed with a combination of topical, oral and intracameral injections of voriconazole. This medical management strategy was successful in achieving good infection control and visual outcome. We report a rarely encountered presentation of keratitis in which the clinical appearance and response to voriconazole are highly suggestive evidence of a Paecilomyces sp. keratitis. We believe the combination of topical, oral and intracameral injections of voriconazole represents a novel treatment approach for Paecilomyces sp. keratitis. Our case supports the potential for a medical approach as initial treatment in this otherwise devastating form of oculomycosis.