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Background: In Mexico, alcohol consumption in adolescents has increased and the reasons why adolescents do that have hardly been studied. Likewise, studies on the possible differences in the reasons for consumption among adolescents who consume alcohol occasionally and excessively are scarce at the international level. Objective: To examine the reasons for consuming alcohol in adolescents, and to study if these differ depending on whether the consumption is occasional or excessive. Material and methods: The DMQ-R-SF (Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised-Short-Form) and AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) scales were administered to Mexican adolescents from 4 schools (one middle-school and 3 highschools) who had ever consumed alcohol. Results: The sample consisted of 307 adolescents (mean 16.17 ± SD = 1.24), out of which 174 (56.7%) were female. It was observed that the most frequently mentioned reason was social, followed by improvement and coping, with conformity being the least recognized. In the results extracted from the multiple regression analyses, it was observed that alcohol consumption in the total sample is explained by three of the four reasons. However, occasional consumption is explained by the social and improvement reasons, but excessive consumption is only explained by coping with aversive experiences. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is very useful to detect those adolescents who consume as a way of coping, and offer them adaptive regulation strategies against anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychometric properties of the Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) are evaluated in incarcerated (n = 300) and non-incarcerated (n = 248) samples in the Mexican population. The models that have been reported in previous studies were tested by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Brinkley's trifactorial model was the one presenting the best fit, whose indicators were similar to those reported in previous studies. Regarding reliability, a Cronbach's alpha =.766 and McDonald's omega =.761 was obtained for the total scale. The observed results provide theoretical and practical support on the dimensionality of the psychopathy construct. Implications for both research and assessment of psychopathy in correctional facilities and in the general population are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely used and studied instruments worldwide to assess the reasons for consuming alcohol is the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ) based on the Cox & Klinger (1988) model, of which different versions have been made and have shown different factorial structures. However, in Mexico the psychometric properties of the DMQ and its versions have not been studied. Objetive. Due to the need for an instrument to assess the reasons for alcohol consumption, this study set out to adapt and study some psychometric properties of the DMQ-R and its different versions in the Mexican adolescent population. Method. The longest version of the questionnaire (28 items) was administered to 464 adolescents between 13 and 18 years old (M = 16.20; SD = 1.24), in this sample n=179 were female (55.1%). Results. Five different versions of the test were fitted. The only model that obtained an adequate fit was that of the short version of 12 questions, which also showed adequate internal consistency indexes (α = .88 y ω = .94). Conclusion. The short version of the DMQ-R-12 is an instrument that has shown adequate construct validity and reliability to evaluate the reasons for alcohol consumption in Mexican adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procrastination has been defined as an irrational delay in behavior associated with multiple negative consequences, among which the incidence in mental health is prominent. Given the importance of detecting irrational procrastination, this research proposed to adapt and study some psychometric properties of the IPS (Irrational Procrastination Scale) in the Mexican population. The 9-item IPS scale was applied to 960 university students between 18 and 56 years old (M= 21.31, SD= 3.77), with a majority of women (n= 566, 59.0%). The final version of seven items obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.803. Through an exploratory factor analysis with half of the sample, it was observed that the scale is unifactorial, explaining 46.07% of the variance. This was corroborated with the other half and by confirmatory factor analysis. It is concluded that IPS is a short and reliable instrument to detect irrational procrastination which can be an effective screening tool for the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decrease in the ability to enjoy can be considered a risk factor or marker of mental disorders. Therefore, it can be useful to have a scale to quantify gaudiebility in children and adolescents. The objective of the present work was to build and analyze the psychometric properties of the Gaudiebility Scale for Children and Adolescents (GSCA). 1,264 primary, secondary and high school students responded to GSCA, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Positive and Negative Affect schedule, Center of Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale. Through a confirmatory factor analysis using WLSMV (Weighted Least Square) estimation with a reparameterization with a value of d = .05 and forcing a non-orthogonal factor structure was observed to 5 factors model (Enjoyment in Company, Selfefficacy versus boredom, Sense of humor, Imagination and Interest) related, results (X2/df = 9.40; CFI = .931; TLI = .946) indicate that the modification indices did not present relevant values, so it would not be pertinent to propose any other alternative model. In addition, an appropriate internal reliability (Cronbach a = .794) was observed in the total scale and in the 5 subscales. Finally, an adequate evidence of validity was observed. It is concluded that GSCA seems appropriate to quantify gaudiebility levels in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una de las escalas más utilizadas para evaluar la ansiedad es el BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) que ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas; sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre su estructura interna. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la estructura interna del BAI haciendo uso del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) por primera vez en México, así como la bondad de los ítems que la componen y su consistencia interna. Además, se presentan datos descriptivos de los niveles de ansiedad en población general de Michoacán (México). Se administró la escala BAI al mismo tiempo que se solicitaron datos sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, estado civil y escolaridad) a 1,245 personas adultas. Primero, se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) con la mitad de la muestra; posteriormente, con la segunda mitad de la muestra y a través de un AFC, se pusieron a prueba los modelos factoriales obtenidos en estudios mexicanos previos, la solución unifactorial, así como el modelo obtenido en el AFE. Se observó una elevada consistencia interna de la escala total (α =.911); sin embargo, ningún modelo de los probados en el AFC resultó satisfactorio. Puede concluirse que el BAI, a pesar de mostrar una estructura interna inestable, es adecuado para evaluar la presencia de sintomatología de ansiedad en población general de Michoacán (México). Es importante señalar que hasta un 24.9% de la muestra presentó niveles de ansiedad moderada o severa. One of the most widely used scales to assess anxiety is the BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) that has shown adequate psychometric properties; however, there is no consensus on its internal structure. This work aimed to study the internal structure of the BAI using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) for the first time in Mexico, as well as the goodness of the items that make it up and its internal consistency. In addition, descriptive data of anxiety levels in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico) are presented. The BAI was administered and the sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status, and education) were requested from 1,245 adults. First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out with half the sample. Using the second half of the sample, the factorial models obtained in previous Mexican studies, the single factor solution and the model obtained in the AFE were tested through a CFA. A high internal consistency of the total scale was observed (α =.911); however, no model of those tested in the CFA was satisfactory. It can be concluded that the BAI, despite showing an unstable internal structure, can adequately assess the presence of anxiety symptoms in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico). It is important to note that up to 24.9% of the sample presented moderate or severe anxiety levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to compare the levels of gaudiebility (modulators of enjoyment) between hypertensive and normotensive participants, controlling some sociodemographic, likewise to study the possible relationship between gaudiebility (modulators of enjoyment) and arterial hypertension. Material and methods: in the present paper, a sample of 306 adults was used (mean age 58,81, 87,3% were female, most of them stated to be married (55,9%) and with an average of years of schooling. of 6,87), divided into two groups (hypertensive n = 153 and normotensive n = 153) matched by sex, age, marital status and schooling. The Padrós gaudiebility scale was applied to groups. Results: the results show a mean in the total score of the gaudiebility scale of 58,14 (SD = 12,17) in the hypertensive group, although it did not result significantly (t (304) = -1,755; p = 0,080) lower than the obtained in the normotensive sample 60,69 (SD = 13,22), but negative and significant correlation was observed with the systolic blood pressure (r = -0,275, p = 0,002) and with the diastolic (r = -0,241; p = 0,006). Conclusions: the inconclusive results suggest study in greater depth the relationship between both variables. The main limitation is that the type of treatment and possible side effects were not controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los trastornos de ansiedad actualmente son los trastornos mentales más frecuentes, y suponen un importante problema de salud en México, por ello es importante disponer de instrumentos para su detección. En la presente investigación se estudiaron algunas propiedades psicométricas de la escala Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI) en población universitaria de M orelia (México). Aplicamos la escala GADI junto a escalas que evalúan la presencia de ansiedad, preocupación patológica, sintomatología depresiva y gaudibilidad a una muestra de universitarios. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Nuestros resultados corroboran la estructura de 3 factores de la versión original y de otros estudios. Se observó una elevada consistencia interna de la escala total (α =.928) y también resultó adecuada para los 3 factores. Respecto a las evidencias de validez concurrente, las correlaciones entre la escala GADI y las otras escalas fueron las esperadas. También se observó una elevada fiabilidad test-retest en un tiempo de 4 semanas. Los datos empíricos indican que la escala GADI presenta una validez y fiabilidad satisfactorias para población universitaria. Asimismo, se ofrecen datos descriptivos en población universitaria de Morelia (México). Anxiety disorders are the most frequent mental disorders and they represent an important health problem in Mexico, so it is important to detect them with the use of valid assessment instruments. The goal of our study is to establish several psychometric properties of the GADI (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory) in college students of Morelia (Mexico). The GADI and other scales were applied to assess the presence of anxiety, pathological worry, depressive symptomatology and gaudiebility in a sample of university students. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Our results corroborate the three factor structure of the original version and other studies. We observed a high internal consistency of the total scale (α =.928) and also was adequate for the 3 factors. Regarding the evidence of concurrent validity, the correlations between the GADI scale and the other scales were as expected. High test-retest reliability was also observed in a period of four weeks. the empirical data indicate that the GADI presents satisfactory validity and reliability for college population. Likewise, descriptive data are offered in the university population of Morelia (Mexico). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about the presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to the identifiable stressors occurring within the onset of the stressors. Topics include the clinician's judgment the symptoms and severe distress or significant impairment in social, occupational appears in the International Classification of Diseases; and studies of American Psychiatric Association on how Adjustment disorders is impossible to diagnose.

Background: Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental disorders and the risk of suicide attempt are inconclusive, and have been performed with non-clinical samples. Objective: To establish the psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt. Material and methods: Comparative, prospective, correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 50 female participants was used, divided into 2 groups: one of cases, (n = 25), made up of female patients between 15 and 19 years of age with suicide attempt, and a control group of pairs (n = 25) with no history of suicide attempt. The following instruments were applied: the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the K-Sads-PL, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Results: A greater presence of the disorders evaluated was found: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in the group with suicide attempt. Furthermore, the case group obtained higher mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale. Conclusions: The results agree with most of previous studies. It is suggested to carry out preventive interventions in cases where a considerably increased risk is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse has been known for quite some time. Nevertheless there isn’t much research in non-clinical studies between such a disorder an alcohol abuse. The objective of this paper is to compare the presence of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in adolescents with alcohol use and abuse. We assessed on a voluntary and anonymous basis a sample (N= 322) of teenagers with screening scales that measured Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking. Comparisons were made between adolescents who presented alcohol abuse (n= 44) and those who reported alcohol use (n= 150). The highest frequency of Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits was found in adolescents with alcohol abuse. The differences found in both groups coincide with past studies. These findings and previous investigations prove the convenience of providing early interventions to prevent problems related to alcohol and other substances in preteens when Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on mental disorders and other circumstances they are characterized by presenting hopelessness; such as depression, use of substances, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual abuse and especially, suicidal ideation among others. It mentions fundamental directions of the person, in the social context of material relationships and measurements of hopelessness, quality of life, specific symptoms of the disorder, therapeutic adherence.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the differences in performance in conventional verbal (semantic and phonological) and emotional fluency tests (total, positive and negative) between among adolescents with and without probable conduct disorder. at the same time, to extract the emotional resilience index, the specific indexes according to the valence of the emotion (positive and negative) and to analyze the relationship with callousunemotional traits. Participation: a total of 242 adolescents, 102 with conduct disorder symptoms and 140 without conduct disorder. aged between 11 and 18 years (M=15.9; sd=1.75), male (62%) and female (38%). Results: no significant differences were observed between the groups. However, there is a positive relationship between phonological verbal fluency and conduct disorder and a negative relationship with callus-unemotional traits. positive relationship between semantic verbal fluency and conduct disorder. negative relationship between emotional verbal fluency and callus-unemotional traits and the unemotional dimension. positive emotional verbal fluency was negatively related to inexpressiveness, while negative emotional verbal fluency was negatively related to uncaring. Finally, the index of emotional resistance was positively related to conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits, positive index to conduct disorder, and negative index to callous-unemotional traits and uncaring. the results suggest that emotional verbal fluency is differentially related to conduct disorder and, callousunemotional traits. the possible implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper aims to build a scale for enjoyment measuring in order to measure enjoyment experienced by children and adolescents and also, it aims to study this scale's psychometric properties. Method: An instrumental approach is conducted in this study ; 487 high school students aged 11 to 15 years old were sampled, answering SEECA (scale to measure the enjoyment experienced by children and adolescents) ; along with this scale, PANAS-C (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) elaborated by Sandín (2003) and the Epidemiological Studies Center Scale of Depression CES-D of Radloff (1977) adapted to the Mexican population by Jiménez-Tapia, Wagner, Rivera-Heredia and González-Forteza (2015) were also applied to children and adolescents. Results: Suggest a uni-factorial structure according to an exploratory factor analysis. Based on Chronbach 's alpha's value, the internal consistency, is determined in .650, acceptable taking into account that it has only 5 items, which showed adequate psychometric properties. Pearson's correlation was made with other measurements, obtaining a low positive correlation with the positive affect's scale (r = .368), and low negative correlations with negative affect (r = -.361) and depressive symptoms (r = -.179). Conclusion: SEECA, is a very useful instrument, since it may recognize the presence of anhedonia, which is associated with social and emotional dysfunction, and also as a psychopathology. The SEECA has adequate psychometric properties (construct validity, reliability and concurrent validity) to be administrated in Morelia's city (Mexico). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: University students don’t have a healthy lifestyle so it is necessary to identify psychosocial variables that can increase it. Objective: To determine the relationship between the psychological capital (CapPsi) and lifestyle (EV) of Mexican university students. Method: A cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out among 320 students of a public university. The sample was non probabilistic by quotas. To assess the factors of CapPsi were used the General Scale of Self-efficacy, the Scale of Hope for Adults, Questionnaire of Resilience, the Life Orientation Test and; to assess the lifestyle was used the Fantastic questionnaire. Results: The variables of the CapPsi correlated with the healthy lifestyle; resilience (r = 0.505, p < 0.01); hope (r = 0.432, p < 0.01); optimism (r = 0.412, p < 0.01); and self-efficacy (r = 0.400, p < 0.01). The 33.3 of the total variance of the lifestyle was explained by the CapPsi (R2 = 0.333). Conclusions: Based on the results, it is assumed that the CapPsi improve lifestyle; however, further research is necessary to determine if the influence of CapPsi is in the adoption and / or maintenance of healthy lifestyle and identify how each one of its factors infl uences it particularly. The CapPsi has a representative percentage of prediction of healthy lifestyle. It is necessary that health promotion and prevention programs incorporate the approach of CapPsi to achieve a healthy lifestyle in the university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Cognitive disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) could persist beyond the symptomatic phase of the illness. However, the works addressing this topic did not usually account for the possible impact of medication on the cognitive functions of depressed patients. The present study aims to investigate whether MDD patients in remission treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or dual serotonergic–noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) show cognitive deficits, to study whether the same patients suffer neuropsychological disturbances when they are unmedicated and in recovery phase, and if the previous pharmacological treatment used to achieve the remission of MDD clinical symptoms had any effect in the profile of these patients'' cognitive performance in the recovery phase. Methods: Thirty-six subjects with MDD treated with escitalopram and 37 depressed patients with duloxetine were compared both in remission phase and 24weeks later, when they were unmedicated and in recovery phase. They were also compared, in both moments, to 37 healthy subjects. Results: The control subjects showed a broader better cognitive performance than MDD patients in both measurement moments, but several cognitive functions improved over time. Also, the patients treated with SNRI performed better in memory tests than the SNRI-treated patients in remission phase, and in recovery phase. Limitations: Our sample size is somewhat small, and we followed our patients only for 6months after treatment. Conclusions: Cognitive functions improve over time in patients with MDD beyond the remission phase, and the antidepressant treatment class used in acute depressive phase could influence his/her memory improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]