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The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the alveolar dimensions of the mandibular molar using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for immediate implant placement. The width of buccal (WB) and lingual (WL) bone; width of interradicular bone 2 and 4 mm apical to the furcation and at the apex (IRB2, IRB4, and IRBA, respectively); and distance to the inferior alveolar nerve from the furcation (IAN-F) and mesial (IAN-M) and distal (IAN-D) roots were evaluated from CBCT records of 126 subjects (200 mandibular first molars). Mean WB (0.84 ± 0.39 mm) and WL (2.71 ± 1.17 mm) measurements showed significant differences (P = .003). Differences between IAN-F, IAN-M, and IAN-D measurements averaged at 14.14 ± 2.57 mm, 4.31 ± 1.06 mm, and 4.61 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. IRB2, IRB4, and IRBA dimensions were 1.93 ± 0.65 mm, 2.54 ± 0.9 mm, and 4.46 ± 1.91 mm, respectively. The findings of the study demonstrate the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular first molar and the need for CBCT scans for proper treatment planning for immediate implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gummy smile is a frequent encounter in patients requiring esthetic treatment. A common cause for it is a coronally situated gingival complex that failed to recede normally during eruption known as altered passive eruption (APE). The biggest challenge lies in the determination of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and knowledge of the periodontal plastic surgical methods to eliminate the condition. A careful preoperative planning is necessary to avoid complications, enhance postsurgical stability of the gingival margin, and bring about biological harmony. This case series brings forward the surgical management of three cases of APE treated with different techniques, with a 3-9-month follow-up. The correction of the gummy smile resulted in a significant improvement in the esthetics along with suitable hard and soft-tissue harmony. These cases illustrate the predictability of such treatment through a proper diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The formation of reactive oxygen species by oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (oPMNs) is amplified in smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) causing tissue damage which can be measured by quantifying levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)., Objective: To quantify and compare the impact of smoking status on oPMN and MDA in individuals with CP before and after scaling and root planing (SRP)., Materials and Methods: Sixty individuals were divided into four groups, namely, periodontally healthy (Group A), current smokers with CP (Group B), former smokers with CP (Group C), and nonsmokers with CP (Group D). Parameters assessed were bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, gingival recession, periodontal inflamed surface area, salivary MDA, and oPMN at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks after SRP., Results: Increased PPD ( P = 0.01) and decreased GI ( P = 0.021) was noted in Group B as compared to C and D at baseline. Periodontal intervention caused a greater resolution of inflammation in Groups C and D as compared to B as noted from the GI and BOP. A reduction in MDA ( P = 0.074) was noted in Groups C and D as compared to B, and oPMN levels were higher ( P = 0.009) in Group C and D as compared to B., Conclusion: Greater periodontal destruction is seen in current smokers than former and nonsmokers with CP. MDA can be considered as a reliable biomarker for oxidative stress as it directly correlates with the oPMN levels., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.)