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Background: Anemia, characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, results in insufficient tissue oxygenation. Nutritional anemia, a prevalent issue in countries like India, particularly affects adolescents and women of reproductive age. Adolescence, crucial for adult development, imposes heightened nutritional demands. Iron deficiency, a common cause of anemia in young females, is associated with compromised leucocyte bactericidal activity. This study explores the impact of anemia on leucocyte and platelet counts. Methodology: The study involved 40 females (18-24 years) with Hb>12gm% in the control group and anemic females (Hb<6gm%) from SLN Hospital. Informed consent was obtained, and subjects were selected based on history and examination. Hemoglobin, leucocyte count, differential count, platelet count, and the L ratio were measured using an electronic cell counter. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and SPSS, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: In anaemic females, the mean hemoglobin was 5.81±1.71, significantly lower than the control group (13.61±1.09). Total leucocyte count was higher in anaemia, with a significant rise in neutrophils and a decrease in monocytes and eosinophils. Platelet count significantly decreased, and the N/L ratio was higher in anaemia (p<0.01). Discussion: Nutritional anemia remains prevalent, impacting physical and mental well-being, especially in children and reproductive-age women. Iron's role in blood cell maturation is vital, and its deficiency compromises immune cell activity. The study aligns with prior research on increased neutrophils in anemia. Lower oxidative stress prolongs neutrophil lifespan, compensating for reduced phagocytic activity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with reversible arachidonic acid-induced platelet dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of iron replenishment. The study concludes that anemia induces hypoxia, contributing to inflammation, ischemic damage, increased myocardial workload, thrombocytopenia, altered leucocyte counts, and an elevated N/L ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the rising mortality rate, worldwide liver cirrhosis has been ranked as the 13th leading cause of mortality. Portal hypertension is one of the common consequences of liver cirrhosis. Further, portal hypertension has its own complications and the most serious among them is the risk of development of esophageal varices (EV) caused by increased hepatic vascular resistance related to hepatic fibrosis and regenerative nodules. Methodology: A prospective study was carried out at the tertiary care hospital of, MKCG Hospital between September 2019 To November 2021. All patients of cirrhosis of liver without history of gastrointestinal bleed, irrespective of etiology, admitted in the hospital were included in this prospective study. Result: Among the patients studied males predominate the study population with 86% with females accounting for only 14%. Among the study population majority presented with abdominal distension constituting 86% followed by pedal oedema constituting 70%. Among 50 patients studied, cause of cirrhosis was found to be alcoholism in 78% and Non-alcoholic in 22%. Discussion: The platelet count and the spleen size showed the difference among the patients belonging to small varices and larger varices group, respectively. presence of thrombocytopenia and lower PC/SD ratio determine the presence of higher grades of varices and can hence identify the subset of patients who require high priority endoscopy for the prophylactic management of esophageal varices helping in better patient selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is debate regarding whether septoplasty in youngsters will have a negative impact on nasal and facial growth. Current research has demonstrated that in carefully chosen young patients, septoplasty can be safely performed without impairing nasofacial development. The goal of this article is to determine how paediatric septoplasty affects nasal and facial growth while also reviewing the clinical indications and supporting data on when to schedule surgery based on the most recent research. Using the terms paediatric, childhood, septoplasty, nasal septum, indications, nasal growth, and face growth, a structured review of the PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Collaboration databases (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews) was conducted. Another similar study came to the conclusion that most aspects of nasal function are unaffected by external septoplasty. Conclusions: There is proof that paediatric septoplasty can be done almost entirely without having an impact on the development of the nose and face. However, postponing or refusing to have a septoplasty when it is necessary may negatively impact nasal and facial growth, compounding negative outcomes in terms of deformity and asymmetry. Despite the fact that the majority support having septal surgery when a patient is 6 years old or older, further clinical trials are needed to gather greater support for correcting septal abnormalities in infants and young children. a function for septoplasty is thus supported by ached controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]