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39 results on '"Pacyna, Elisabeth G."'

9. An assessment of costs and benefits associated with mercury emission reductions from major anthropogenic sources

Author

Pacyna, Jozef M., Sundseth, Kyrre, Pacyna, Elisabeth G., Jozewicz, Wojciech, Munthe, John, Belhaj, Mohammed, and Astrom, Stefan

Subjects
Air quality management -- Methods -- Technology application -- Economic aspects, Emissions (Pollution) -- Control, Mercury -- Control, Technology application, Environmental services industry, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

ABSTRACT Several measures are available for reducing mercury emissions; however, these measures differ with regard to emission control efficiency, cost, and environmental benefits obtained through their implementation. Measures that include [...]

Published
2010

13. Unmasking environmental health Zorros: the need for involvement of real risk communication experts for two-way & problem-solving communication approaches

Author

Keune, H., Van den Hazel, P., Bouder, F., Pacyna, Jozef M, Pacyna, Elisabeth G, Technology & Society Studies, and RS: FASoS MUSTS

Subjects
Black box (phreaking), Focus (computing), Economics, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, Risk communication, Two-way communication, Public relations, business, Dissemination
Abstract

In the literature about risk communication an evolution can be traced from traditional, one-way and problem focussed communication, restricted to the dissemination of information from experts to the public, to more modern, two-way and more problem solving oriented risk communication, with a focus on participation and cooperation between scientists, policy-makers and the public. Despite advances in theory and numerous initiatives in practice, traditional, one-way communication continues to dominate many attitudes towards the public communication of science as well as practices. Science should no longer hide behind expertism, elitist attitudes and non-transparent black box approaches. Despite good intentions of environmental health experts to help society tackle risks, unmasking these scientific zorros is crucial to take practice and its practitioners and stakeholders serious. It is time for real professional risk communication expertise to be applied and involved in two-way directional and problem solving collaborations.keywordsrisk communicationenvironmental healthexpertstwo-way communicationproblem solving collaboration.

Published
2016

14. NILUs strategiske instituttsatsinger (SIS) - 2015

Author

Aas, Wenche, Breivik, Knut, Fiebig, Markus, Høiskar, Britt Ann Kåstad, Pacyna, Elisabeth G, Rundén-Pran, Elise, Schlabach, Martin, and Sundseth, Kyrre

Abstract

Each of NILU’s Strategic Institute Initiatives(SIS) is required to deliver a popular science report annually to the Research Council. This report contains all of NILU’s annual SIS-reports for 2015. Alle NILUs strategiske instituttsatsinger (SIS) skal levere en populærvitenskapelig framstilling til Norges forskningsråd hvert år. Denne rapporten inneholder alle NILUs årlige SIS-rapporter for 2015.

Published
2016

19. Assessment of emissions/ discharges of mercury reaching the Arctic environment

Author

Pacyna, Jozef M and Pacyna, Elisabeth G

Subjects
Utslipp, Antropogene kilder, Miljøgifter, Kvikksølv
Abstract

Our knowledge of mercury fluxes on a global scale is still incomplete. The above presented estimates for Europe and North America seem to contribute less about 25 % to the global anthropogenic emissions of the element to the atmosphere. The majority of the remaining emissions originate from combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in the Asian countries including China, India, and South and North Korea. Even less and very controversial information is available on emissions of mercury from natural sources, including volatilization of the element from terrestrial and aquatic surfaces. In general, it is assumed that natural emissions of the element are about 3000 t/year, thus contributing more 60 % to the total global emissions of mercury. However, much work needs to be done in order to verify the above estimate.

Published
2000

20. Current and future levels of mercury atmospheric pollution on global scale.

Author

Pacyna, Jozef M., Travnikov, Oleg, Simone, Francesco De, Hedgecock, Ian M., Sundseth, Kyrre, Pacyna, Elisabeth G., Steenhuisen, Frits, Pirrone, Nicola, Munthe, John, and Kindbom, Karin

Abstract

An assessment of current and future emissions, air concentrations and atmospheric deposition of mercury world-wide are presented on the basis of results obtained during the performance of the EU GMOS (Global Mercury Observation System) project. Emission estimates for mercury were prepared with the main goal of applying them in models to assess current (2013) and future (2035) air concentrations and atmospheric deposition of this contaminant. The artisanal and small- scale gold mining, as well as combustion of fossil fuels (mainly coal) for energy and heat production in power plants and in industrial and residential boilers are the major anthropogenic sources of Hg emissions to the atmosphere at present. These sources account for about 37 % and 25 % of the total anthropogenic Hg emissions globally, estimated to be about 2000 tonnes. The emissions in Asian countries, particularly in China and India dominate the total emissions of Hg. The current estimate of mercury emissions from natural processes (primary mercury emissions and re-emissions), including mercury depletion events, were estimated to be 5207 tonnes per year which represent nearly 70 % of the global mercury emission budget. Oceans are the most important sources (36 %) followed by biomass burning (9 %). A comparison of the 2035 anthropogenic emissions estimated for 3 different scenarios with current anthriopogenic emissions indicates a reduction of these emissions in 2035 up to 85 % for the best case scenario. Two global chemical transport models (GLEMOS and ECHMERIT) have been used for the evaluation of future Hg pollution levels considering future emission scenarios. Projections of future changes in Hg deposition on a global scale simulated by these models for three anthropogenic emissions scenarios of 2035 indicate a decrease of up to 50 % deposition in the Northern Hemisphere and up to 35 % in Southern Hemisphere for the best case scenario. The EU GMOS project has proved to be a very important research instrument for supporting, first the scientific justification for the Minamata Convention, and then monitoring of the implementation of targets of this Convention, as well as, the EU Mercury Strategy. This project provided the state-of-the art with regard to the development of the latest emission inventories for mercury, future emission scenarios, dispersion modelling of atmospheric Hg on global and regional scale, and source - receptor techniques for Hg emission apportionment on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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39. New Technologies Using Trace Metals of Concern

Author

Pacyna JM, Sundseth K, Pacyna EG, Nriagu JO, and Skaar EP

Abstract

This chapter discusses the occurrence, material flows, technical applications of and pollution by platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), thallium (Tl), rare earth elements (REEs), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and antimony (Sb), all of which are essential for global economic growth. Modern technology relies on these chemicals for the production of various industrial goods. However, their use releases pollutants into the environment, thus posing a threat to human health. The impacts of these chemicals on human health are assessed in the context of their linkage to infectious diseases. The consequent environmental damage and political and economic implications of using these chemicals are also discussed. To reduce environmental emissions and impacts to human health, more efficient cost-effective approaches are needed in mining and production processes. It is suggested that recycling and waste management can be improved significantly in many regions of the world to lessen the environmental impact of using these metals while contributing to a better economic situation. Information on the potential impacts that REEs and technologies using these metals have on infectious diseases is largely missing in the literature. This information gap needs to be closed through forthcoming research., (© 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies.)

Published
2015

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