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The structures of metal nanoparticles (NPs) significantly influence their catalytic reactivities. Recent in situ experimental observations of dramatic structural changes in NPs underscore the need to establish a dynamic structure–property relationship that accounts for the reconstruction of NPs in reactive environments. Here, we present the MOSP, a free and open-source graphical user interface (GUI) package designed to simulate the structure and reactivity of metal NPs under operando conditions. MOSP integrates two models: the multiscale structure reconstruction model predicting equilibrium metal NP structures under specific reaction conditions and the kinetic Monte Carlo model simulating the reaction dynamics. This combination allows for the exploration of the dynamic structure–property relationships of NPs. MOSP enhances user accessibility through its intuitive GUI, facilitating easy input, post-processing, and visualization of simulation data. This article is the release note of MOSP, focusing on its implementation and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line Extensions are among the most common form of product launch in packaged goods markets. As part of this process, brand managers must decide the visual design of the new variant's packaging. To inform this decision making, this research aims to empirically quantify the efficacy of using colors versus images as signals of product variety on pack. We compare the use of color on 576 packs with perceptions of 1,853 category buyers across three categories in the USA. We find that for 84% of variant types, marketers use common colors to signal variety on pack, while consumers perceive that only 56% of variant types are represented by a particular color. Of greater concern, the colors used in practice and those expected by consumers align in only 16% of cases. By comparison, images are linked to variant types to a significantly greater extent (39% of cases). This suggests images are a stronger and more explicit signal of product variety than color. There are multiple implications arising from this study. It expands scholarly research on the use of colors in product extensions and, at the same time, provides a series of valuable benchmarks for industry practice in the portfolio management domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many companies are using smart packaging to provide consumers with more information about their products. The goal of our case study is to access the Near Field Communication (NFC) tag knowledge, as well as getting insights into tag positioning in food package design for better visibility in order to develop some guidelines for future tag implementations. A preliminary survey of professionals provided an overview of NFC tag usage, followed by an online survey that assessed knowledge and visibility of tag placements. These findings were further discussed in focus groups and measured using eye-tracking technology. For placement visibility assessments, well-known and fictitious packaging designs of milk were used. The results show that, due to the NFC tag's low market penetration, consumer recognition is low, with only generations Y and Z being familiar with the NFC tag. Knowledge of the NFC tag does not significantly vary based on education level. When considering the use of NFC tags, it is crucial to define and understand the target market. If the target is younger generations, the potential to increase engagement with the product can be achieved. Additionally, to boost consumer interaction, NFC tags or other smart elements should include an activation prompt, positioned on the central right section of the packaging and distinguished by a distinct color. The influence of the design on tag visibility is essential to ensure its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid and repeatable characterization of individual morphology has advanced automated taxonomic classification. The most direct study of evolutionary processes is, however, not from taxonomic description, but rather of the evolution of the traits that comprise individuals and define species. Repeatable signatures of individual morphology are crucial for analysing the response to selection at scale, and thus tracking evolutionary trajectories through time and across species boundaries.Here, we introduce our 3DKMI—an open‐source MATLAB package designed for the study of morphology using three‐dimensional (3D) Krawtchouk moment invariants. The volumetric features derived from the 3D images remain stable under translation, scaling and rotation and, for an image of size 128 × 128 × 128 can be computed in less than 0.1 s.We applied our package as a case study on a collection of 300 X‐ray computed tomography scans of planktonic foraminifera specimens across five species to (1) assess the invariance of the features under different transformations and (2) analyse morphological differences among species based on the extracted characteristics.We show that 3DKMI has the capacity to efficiently and repeatedly characterize the signatures of individual morphology. In the future, we hope that the 3D feature extraction technique 3DKMI will be widely applied to digital collections to advance research in ecology and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the challenges in designing packaging to withstand dynamic loads while considering environmental impact and avoiding polymeric materials. It introduces a novel experimental equipment capable of measuring packaging behaviour under corner impacts. The research aims to fill the gap in design tools for non‐flat impact scenarios. By measuring acceleration through dummy products, the study overcomes limitations in cushioning curves. Results offer insights into the dynamic response of packaging systems, aiding in the selection of suitable materials and configurations. Visual analysis enhances understanding of corner protection placement, optimizing energy dissipation. The developed experimental device facilitates rapid data generation, enabling scalable application to corner drop designs, thus serving as a valuable tool in packaging optimization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing competition between the products in the market, packaging design is getting maximum attention in product sale. In order to sell any product, manufacturers use marketing strategies and effective communication. The aim of this study is to perform a product packaging analysis on perfume bottles, using eye gaze tracking technology to identify most viewed and consumer-friendly packaging design. To examine visual attention and emotional arousal in reaction to packaging design features in an ecommerce environment, we had conducted an eye gaze tracking experiment with 75 female participants. In this research, we analyzed pupil and eye monitoring metrics to identify emotional and cognitive processes, with an emphasis on emotional arousal, visual attention and cognitive effort. Our findings identified prominent packaging designs that sellers can use to display product advertisements according to consumer preferences to further enhance sales and revenue for their business. This study's empirical application could be extremely beneficial to marketers, content managers and advertisers in terms of managing and designing web content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aimed to increase the accuracy of predicting the maximum force required to compress a solid cardboard box. Changes in the technology of solid cardboard production and the design of packaging help to increase the durability of packaging; however, typical estimation methods do not take these changes into account. By determining the number of important parameters of the box and using a specific approach, it was possible to develop a semiempirical model of the maximum force that compresses the box and simplifies its description. By using this model, the amount of solid board required for a specific package can be reduced without reducing the life of the box. The maximum force prediction method is also suitable for creating other box models at different moisture levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative approach was pursued for sustainable packaging design using Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGANs), tailored for wood packaging engraving. The methodology includes four phases: user participatory design, assembly scheme design, detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) optimization, and computer numerical control (CNC) engraving production. Each phase targets sustainability from design to final product, minimizing environmental impact and economic costs. Emphasizing early user participation helps adapt designs to user needs and environmental standards. Innovations such as real-time updates of packaging patterns via cloud-based iterations and an FEA optimization system enhance durability and aesthetics. This approach improves the environmental footprint and recyclability of conventional wood packaging. The research aims to shift perceptions in the packaging industry towards more sustainable practices, showcasing the practical applications of advanced digital tools in traditional manufacturing. It offers a scalable model for integrating sustainability into packaging design, providing valuable insights and inspiring future innovations in environmentally friendly practices across the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Sketching technologies have recently emerged as a promising solution for real-time, large-scale phylogenetic analysis. However, existing sketching-based phylogenetic tools exhibit drawbacks, including platform restrictions, deficiencies in tree visualization, and inherent distance estimation bias. These limitations collectively impede the overall convenience and efficiency of the analysis. In this study, we introduce Kssdtree, an interactive Python package designed to address these challenges. Kssdtree surpasses other sketching-based tools by demonstrating superior performance in terms of both accuracy and time efficiency on comprehensive benchmarking datasets. Notably, Kssdtree offers key advantages such as intra-species phylogenomic analysis and GTDB-based phylogenetic placement analysis, significantly enhancing the scope and depth of phylogenetic investigations. Through extensive evaluations and comparisons, Kssdtree stands out as an efficient and versatile method for real-time, large-scale phylogenetic analysis. Availability and implementation The Kssdtree Python package is freely accessible at https://pypi.org/project/kssdtree and source code is available at https://github.com/yhlink/kssdtree. The documentation and instantiation for the software is available at https://kssdtree.readthedocs.io/en/latest. The video tutorial is available at https://youtu.be/_6hg59Yn-Ws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient allocation of limited resources in low-income settings offers the opportunity to improve population-health outcomes given the available health system capacity. Efforts to achieve this are often framed through the lens of "health benefits packages" (HBPs), which seek to establish which services the public healthcare system should include in its provision. Analytic approaches widely used to weigh evidence in support of different interventions and inform the broader HBP deliberative process however have limitations. In this work, we propose the individual-based Thanzi La Onse (TLO) model as a uniquely-tailored tool to assist in the evaluation of Malawi-specific HBPs while addressing these limitations. By mechanistically modelling—and calibrating to extensive, country-specific data—the incidence of disease, health-seeking behaviour, and the capacity of the healthcare system to meet the demand for care under realistic constraints on human resources for health available, we were able to simulate the health gains achievable under a number of plausible HBP strategies for the country. We found that the HBP emerging from a linear constrained optimisation analysis (LCOA) achieved the largest health gain—∼8% reduction in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) between 2023 and 2042 compared to the benchmark scenario—by concentrating resources on high-impact treatments. This HBP however incurred a relative excess in DALYs in the first few years of its implementation. Other feasible approaches to prioritisation were assessed, including service prioritisation based on patient characteristics, rather than service type. Unlike the LCOA-based HBP, this approach achieved consistent health gains relative to the benchmark scenario on a year- to-year basis, and a 5% reduction in DALYs over the whole period, which suggests an approach based upon patient characteristics might prove beneficial in the future. Author summary: All publicly funded healthcare systems face difficult decisions about how limited resources should be allocated to achieve the greatest possible return in health. These decisions are particularly pressing in lower-income countries (LICs) like Malawi, where resources are extremely limited and their inefficient allocation results in larger morbidity and mortality. In this work, we introduce a new analytical tool to inform such decisions based on an "all diseases, whole healthcare system" simulation specifically tailored to Malawi, the Thanzi La Onse (TLO) model. The TLO model is able to forecast the health burden that should be expected from different resource-allocation strategies in Malawi specifically, allowing policy-makers to explore a wide range of policy options in a safe and theoretical fashion. In this analysis, we compare the forecasted health burden from a set of common resource-prioritisation strategies, and draw some general conclusions as to what makes certain strategies more or less effective in reducing the health burden incurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food evaluation is a topic central to consumer research and food marketing. However, there is little consensus regarding how consumers combine sensory stimuli, product information, and visual impressions to shape their evaluation. Moreover, the bulk of research relies on studies based on questionnaires and declarative responses, raising questions about subliminal processes and their hierarchy in an evaluation process. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a study with more than 400 participants in Morocco and Tunisia and investigated how factors such as flavor/taste, product information, and packaging design in a variety of olive oils influence visual attention and are reflected in willingness to pay (WTP). We implemented incentivization through an auction to reduce the hypothetical bias in stated WTP values. The results revealed that, compared to tasting the oils, the provision of cognitive information led to an increase in consumers' WTP. However, a drastic increase in WTP occurred when the consumers were exposed to package designs, overshadowing the formerly dominant effects of product attributes. These findings support theories suggesting a visual perceptual processing advantage due to the picture superiority effect–a picture says a thousand words. Further, it underlines the importance of graphic design in food marketing. The findings have ramifications for food marketing, product development, and pricing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polystyrene is a staple plastic in the packaging and insulation market. Despite its good recyclability, the willingness of PS recycling remains low, largely due to the high recycling cost and limited profitability. This review examines the research progresses, gaps, and challenges in areas that affect the recycling costs, including but not limited to logistics, packaging design, and policymaking. We critically evaluate the recent developments in upcycling strategies, and we particularly focus on tandem and hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) upcycling strategies. We conclude that future upcycling studies should focus on not only reaction chemistry and mechanisms but also economic viability of the processes. The goal of this review is to stimulate the development of innovative recycling strategies with low recycling costs and high economic output values. We hope to stimulate the economic and technological momentum of PS recycling towards a sustainable and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that features of food packaging can help to promote healthy food choices. Laboratory‐based studies demonstrate that smart design of packaging facilitates portion control. However, the extent to which consumers notice packaging features for portion control is not known. Therefore, this study investigated how individuals interact with food packaging, how they utilise the on‐pack serving‐size guidelines and how they make portion decisions. To do this, 25 adult participants were recruited to participate in an online semi‐structured interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis until saturation was achieved. Participants reported that they rarely attend to on‐pack serving recommendations and indicated some resistance to them. Some structural features (small/single serving, pre‐portioned and resealable packaging) were identified as facilitators of portion control. In contrast, the healthiness evaluation of the product from packaging cues was described as a permissive cue to eat more of the product. Participants in this study value their autonomy and control, preferring convenient behavioural choices over recommended portion servings. They also reported future concerns about the effects of their diet on health, but that current context (hunger, convenience) sometimes presented a barrier to healthy eating. Packaging does more than protect its contents, packaging can affect eating decisions to support portion control, and for some, offers permission to overconsume. This study identified ways that participants use packaging to make portion decisions, revealing the role of habits, current context and future health considerations. The interviews revealed the importance of consumer values on food choice in general and portion control in particular. In conclusion, smart food packaging design could use these findings to nudge healthy portion decisions by incorporating consumer values and by recognising consumer needs for habitual, current and future concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance children's experience in daily cleaning, cultivate good daily hygiene and cleaning habits, and improve the service quality and core competitiveness of children's toiletries brands, relevant design strategies for children's toiletries packaging are proposed from the perspective of behavior design. Firstly, through online and offline research, we investigate the current status of packaging design for children's toiletries on the market, and summarize the design characteristics. Then, based on the current situation of packaging design for children's toiletries and children's attitudes towards cleaning behavior, the rationality and necessity of incorporating behavior design into the packaging design of children's toiletries are clarified. Finally, based on the design points of behavior design in packaging of children's toiletries, combined with the Fogg behavior model and the Peak-end rule, relevant design strategies are proposed from four aspects: enhancing user motivation, reducing difficulty in use, enhancing the effectiveness of packaging behavior prompts, and seizing the "peak" and "endpoint" in the user experience process. Case analysis is used to explain the specific implementation methods of relevant design strategies. The availability and reliability of these design strategies are indirectly confirmed, expecting to provide new design ideas for the packaging design of children's toiletries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and application of virtual reality (VR) technology significantly enhances consumer immersion. Exploring a multi-sensory evaluation model for virtual packaging is valuable for integrating VR technology with packaging. This study developed a multi-sensory evaluation model for virtual packaging using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Eye-tracker experimentation was conducted to identify consumer attention indicators when interacting with virtual packaging. These indicators were quantified using Saaty's nine-level importance scale and expert input, resulting in a comprehensive multi-sensory evaluation model. Subsequently, a VR shopping system focused on potato chips and cola as packaging design objects. This system was evaluated using the established model, and the results were analyzed. Based on the findings, improvements were made, and the system was re-evaluated using the modified model. The post-improvement evaluation demonstrated significantly enhanced sensory experiences. These results validate that the developed evaluation model effectively guides multi-sensory design approaches for packaging within a VR environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate how implying movement in food packaging imagery may affect product liking. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is investigated by studying the effect of implied motion visuals on design appeal and naturalness perception. Design/methodology/approach: Two packages of pineapple juice were designed in which the implied motion depicted in their imagery was manipulated, and a tasting experiment was conducted in which two samples of the same juice were evaluated. Findings: The results show that the effect of packaging imagery on product liking occurs indirectly through both design appeal and the product naturalness perception. The results of a parallel multiple-mediator analysis show that (1) depicting implied motion made the package be perceived as more appealing, (2) the product corresponding to the package depicting implied motion was perceived as being more natural, and (3) both effects equally contributed to the positive effect of visuals depicting implied motion on product liking. Originality/value: Overall, these findings widen our understanding of the effects of packaging design on product liking and may help both designers and manufacturers design more appropriate packaging for their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial value of cookies is easily lost when they break due to mechanical stress, such as shock, during distribution. Therefore, it is important to prevent shock by incorporating a cushioning design into cookie packaging. To optimize packaging, we must first understand the type of breakage caused by shock. During distribution, fatigue failure due to repetitive shocks might be the main factor involved in breakage of cookies because events related to shock stress usually occur more than once. Accordingly, we investigated the relationships between acceleration, shock frequency, and the occurrence of breakage in two types of packaged cookies (soft and hard). A drop test was performed at heights of 0.15–0.45 m. The results suggest that both types of cookies are broken by repetitive shocks, and the relationship between the number of shocks, acceleration (related to drop height), and the occurrence of breakage can be expressed as power approximation curves. Generally, the breakage of cookies due to mechanical stress is known to be a result of brittle fractures. However, our results suggest that the visible breakage of packaged cookies due to repetitive shock may be the result of fatigue failure. In addition, we propose a simple method that uses a small accelerometer to simulate breakage during transportation. The results of this study contribute to the development of new cushioning packaging designs to reduce the breakage of cookies during transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarizes and analyzes the progress of research on the use of intangible cultural heritage in food packaging design through the number of articles, keywords, research objects, research perspectives and ideas. The study analyzes the application of intangible cultural heritage in food packaging design from three aspects: principles, strategies, and methods. It also explores the future development directions, suggesting that future research can guide design practice through theoretical studies and validate design practice using big data models.

In response to the current situation of packaging design for local food, this study extracts structural features, decorative element features, color features, and cultural features from spatial art based on Meishan culture, and deconstructs them into local food packaging design. It explores the design ideas and strategies of integrating the spatial artistic essence contained in Meishan culture with local food packaging, enhancing food-added value, showcasing regional characteristics, enhancing cultural connotations, assisting local economic development and cultural dissemination, promoting the inheritance of ethnic culture, and innovating local food packaging.

The purpose of developing the colour coding system is to create better awareness and help consumers monitor and understand the sugar content of foods. Our research focused on food products (dairy products and cereal products on the Slovenian market) that contain so-called hidden sugars, as these can cause many health risks. The aim of the study was to raise awareness of the sugar content in dairy products and cereals through a packaging design with a uniform labelling and coding system. During the process of this research, few answers were provided to the following questions: How can a labelling system be designed to be clear and impartial, what is the hierarchy and layout of food information on packaging, and how can the system be coherently integrated with existing packaging? The impact of the information design on the consumer in the food packaging industry, which helps in further execution, was analysed. Based on the research, variants of a multi-colour labelling system were created, differing in primary information graphics, colour, placement and formats. The packaging for an imaginary brand and the placement of the code system were designed. Finally, the packaging design was implemented in the 3D models for each food group. The result of this research is a collection of packaging models with a labelling system that informs consumers about sugar content, facilitates decision-making and helps them control their food intake. The colour-coded labels were applied to the packaging in a uniform and coherent manner, which can provide sufficient attention and information.

Switches play a critical role as core components in data center networks. The advent of multi-die chiplet packaging as a prevailing trend in complex chip development presents challenges in designing the multi-die packaging of switch chips. With limited inter-die connections in mind, we propose a scalable, unified switch architecture optimized for efficient connectivity. This architecture includes the strategic mapping of data queues, meticulous planning of data paths, and the integration of a unified interface, all aiming to facilitate efficient switch operations within constrained connectivity environments. Our optimization efforts encompass various areas, including refining arbitration strategies, managing mixed unicast and multicast transmissions, and mitigating network congestion to alleviate bottlenecks in data flow. These enhancements contribute to heightened levels of performance and robustness in the switching process. During the validation phase, the structure we propose reduced interconnection usage between dies by 25%, while supporting functions such as unicast and multicast transmissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high consumption of packaging has led to a massive production of waste, especially in the form of nonbiodegradable polymers that are difficult to recycle. Microbial cellulose is considered a biodegradable, low-cost, useful, ecologically correct polymer that may be joined with other biomaterials to obtain novel characteristics and can, therefore, be used as a raw material to produce packaging. Bagasse, a waste rich in plant cellulose, can be reprocessed and used to produce and reinforce other materials. Based on these concepts, the aim of the current research was to design sustainable packaging material composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB), employing an innovative shredding and reconstitution method able to avoid biomass waste. This method enabled creating a uniform structure with a 0.10-cm constant thickness, classified as having high grammage. The developed materials, particularly the 0.7 BC/0.3 SCB [70% (w/w) BC plus 30% (w/w) SCB] composite, had considerable tensile strength (up to 46.22 MPa), which was nearly thrice that of SCB alone (17.43 MPa). Additionally, the sorption index of the 0.7 BC/0.3 SCB composite (235.85 ± 31.29 s) was approximately 300-times higher than that of SCB (0.78 ± 0.09 s). The packaging material was also submitted to other analytical tests to determine its physical and chemical characteristics, which indicated that it has excellent flexibility and can be folded 100 times without tearing. Its surface was explored via scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of fibers measuring 83.18 nm in diameter (BC). Greater adherence after the reconstitution process and even a uniform distribution of SCB fibers in the BC matrix were observed, resulting in greater tear resistance than SCB in its pure form. The results demonstrated that the composite formed by BC and SCB is promising as a raw material for sustainable packaging, due to its resistance and uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the first time, we demonstrate the hybrid integration of dual distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) on a silicon photonics platform using an innovative 3D self-aligned flip-chip assembly process. The QCL waveguide geometry was predesigned with alignment fiducials, enabling a sub-micron accuracy during assembly. Laser oscillation was observed at the designed wavelength of 7.2 μm, with a threshold current of 170 mA at room temperature under pulsed mode operation. The optical output power after an on-chip beam combiner reached sub-milliwatt levels under stable continuous wave operation at 15 °C. The specific packaging design miniaturized the entire light source by a factor of 100 compared with traditional free-space dual lasers module. Divergence values of 2.88 mrad along the horizontal axis and 1.84 mrad along the vertical axis were measured after packaging. Promisingly, adhering to i-line lithography and reducing the reliance on high-end flip-chip tools significantly lowers the cost per chip. This approach opens new avenues for QCL integration on silicon photonic chips, with significant implications for portable mid-infrared spectroscopy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical modelling of corrugated paperboard is quite challenging due to its waved geometry and material non-linearity which is affected by the material properties of the individual paper sheets. Because of the complex geometry and material behaviour of the board, there is still scope to enhance the accuracy of current modelling techniques as well as gain a better understanding of the structural performance of corrugated paperboard packaging for improved packaging design. In this study, four-point bending tests were carried out to determine the bending stiffness of un-creased samples in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD). Bending tests were also carried out on creased samples with the fluting oriented in the CD with the crease at the centre. Inverse analysis was applied using the results from the bending tests to determine the material properties that accurately predict the bending stiffness of the horizontal creases, vertical creases, and panels of a box under compression loading. The finite element model of the box was divided into three sections, the horizontal creases, vertical creases, and the box panels. Each of these sections is described using different material properties. The box edges/corners are described using the optimal material properties from bending and compression tests conducted on creased samples, while the box panels are described using the optimal material properties obtained from four-point bending tests conducted on samples without creases. A homogenised finite element (FE) model of a box was simulated using the obtained material properties and validated using experimental results. The developed FE model accurately predicted the failure load of a corrugated paperboard box under compression with a variation of 0.1% when compared to the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Promoting healthy eating improves both planetary and human health, aligning with sustainable development goals. Eating healthy, locally sourced foods that are rich in nutrients and low in energy density produces benefits for public health in the long term and enhances resource sustainability. Despite the importance of increasing intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, consumers still frequently choose pre-packaged foods, making packaging design crucial in influencing food choice and intake as well as promoting healthy diets. Designers of food packaging are in a crucial position to contribute to health and well-being by influencing consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards healthy eating. However, designers may yet be unaware of their potential to influence and the challenges they may face in this domain. This study investigates designers' perspectives, understandings, needs and challenges regarding packaging design for promoting healthy eating. A total of 20 designers (n = 10 professionals, 10 students) from various design backgrounds participated in this study, engaging in a packaging design task (centred on either reducing intake of high-energy density foods or increasing intake of fruits and vegetables), followed by one-to-one interviews. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that the designers primarily focused on enhancing the healthiness of food items through packaging design but often overlooked the potential to regulate consumer intake of energy-dense foods. In addition, the designers expressed concerns regarding consumer preferences and market acceptance for such designs. They faced significant challenges in accessing relevant resources and emphasised the need for health-related information, data on packaging impacts and consumer preferences, practical design examples and theoretical support. These findings highlight the demand for additional support to enable designers to develop tailored packaging designs, contributing to a supportive environment for promoting healthy eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Specific separate collection rates for packaging characteristics were calculated. • 46 % of plastic bottles in mixed waste are uncolored and 30 % are food-grade. • Residues and dirt content is two times higher in packaging from mixed waste. • Personal care and food product packaging have the highest share of residues and dirt. The low recycling rate of post-consumer plastic packaging waste (PPW), which is partly due to insufficient separate collection, heterogeneous composition and high levels of contamination, poses a challenge in Austria, where the recycling rate must double in order to meet the target of 55 %. This study analyzes key packaging characteristics of non-beverage plastic bottles influencing recyclability, using Vienna as a case study. Additionally, a net quantity indicator and separate collection rates were calculated. 738 bottles from mixed MSW and 1,159 bottles from separate PPW collection were analyzed. The main polymer's proportion described by the net quantity indicator was higher for bottles from separate collection (69–72 %) than from mixed MSW (58 %), showing that a large share of the foreign materials are residues and dirt, with significantly higher contents in mixed MSW (20 %) than in separate collection (11 %). With a separate collection rate of 19.2 %, the great potential for recycling currently lies in mixed MSW at 4,112 t/yr. Thereof, 46 % is uncolored, 54 % is colored/white and, in terms of material grade, 30 % is food grade. The most common filling volume for PET, PP and HDPE was 0.5 < x ≤ 1.5 L (23–59 %) and the most common decoration technology was label (60–85 %). PET and PP had the highest shares of food-grade bottles (37–46 %), while PP had the highest share of colored bottles (22–31 %). The mechanical recycling potential of bottles depends largely on packaging characteristics, influencing separate collection and also automatic sorting. Harmonized design specifications are therefore crucial for this heterogeneous PPW fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-design enables relevant stakeholders to participate in the design process and has been employed to examine social issues. Although most previous studies have identified the benefits and characteristics of collaborative work with specific case studies, there is a dearth of research on the topic of how co-design can influence children’s snacking behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how co-design that involves parents and designers can be beneficial in the context of children’s unhealthy snack products. The primary data collection method involved a co-design workshop, followed by semi-structured interviews two months later. The findings show that one of the benefits of co-design is educating consumers on snack packaging that designers create to persuade them to buy unhealthy products. This study also suggests four packaging design strategies (information, affordance, fun and storytelling) that guide designers on how to make snack packaging for children. Furthermore, co-design with parents and designers has two characteristics: active consumer engagement and positive emotion creation. This study contributes to the co-design literature by providing insights into the benefits of collaboration between parents and designers and determining the attributes for healthy packaging for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight electronic packaging that provides mechanical protection, cooling ability, and customizable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) is needed for next-generation electronics. Although electronic packaging solutions with excellent EMI SE exist, there is limited research on how hierarchical design can modulate the EMI SE of an electronic packaging material on demand. In this study, the deliberate precise micro/macrostructure design of graphite-based materials using magnetically assisted 3D printing allows tuning of the EMI SE in the X band (8–12 GHz), leading to a maximum total shielding performance of 90 dB. Aligning high-density graphite microplatelets during 3D printing also remarkably amplified the total SE by 200%. Subsequently, rationally designing the oriented microstructure within a geometrical shape increases the reflection and improves the EMI SE from 40 to 60 dB in a specific direction. Our proof-of-concept samples demonstrate the potential of precise micro/macrostructure design for customizing and enhancing electronic packaging's EMI SE while achieving good heat dissipation and mechanical protection using a versatile 3D printing method. These advances pave the way for more reliable and safer electronic systems. Magnetically assisted 3D printing allows customizable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). Aligning high-density graphite microplatelets during the 3D printing parallel or perpendicularly to incident waves leads to their tailored reflection and transmission. Designing the micro/macrostructure of materials allows customization and enhancement of electronic packaging's EMI SE while achieving good heat dissipation and mechanical protection. These advances pave the way for more reliable and safer electronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the growing interest in upcycled foods as a solution to food loss by focusing on designing more appealing package labels in Japan. Through an online survey, we collected data on consumer attitudes and perceptions toward upcycled foods. We applied factor analysis to identify key factors and cluster analysis to segment consumers into distinct profiles. Using these insights, we conducted a choice-based conjoint analysis to extract the package design attributes most valued by consumers. Our results highlight key factors influencing purchase intentions, including food safety, innovation, and eco-friendliness. We identified two main consumer profiles: sustainability-focused and quality/safety-conscious, and innovative and socially engaged. Food safety emerged as the most crucial factor affecting purchase willingness, followed by product image and environmental considerations. The study emphasizes the importance of transparent, sustainable, and visually appealing package design in influencing consumer decisions and building long-term loyalty toward upcycled foods in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of studies have shown that several factors other than food and drink itself, such as design of packaging, cutlery and plateware, slightly but significantly affect taste/flavor perception of food and drink. This study aimed to broaden the knowledge by investigating the influence of the color of the plateware both on expectation and perception of chocolate taste/flavor by applying a between-participants design. Participants (48 Japanese university students) were presented with four different chocolates, and rated their expected (pre-tasting) and perceived (post-tasting) taste/flavor of the chocolates. While half of the participants were presented with the chocolates on red platewares, the other half on black platewares. The results showed that, whereas the chocolates were expected as more bitter when presented on the red plateware than the black plateware, they were perceived as sweeter when tasted from the red plateware than the black plateware. The observed discrepancy between pre-tasting expectation and post-tasting perception cannot be simply explained by sensation transference (i.e., expectation assimiliation), which would have predict that both expected and percieved sweetness would be enhanced in the red plateware condition. Possible explanations and practical implications are also discussed. Plain language summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the color of plateware on taste perception of chocolates. Participants were asked to taste and evaluate chocolates either from a red or black plateware. Even though the chocolates were expected as more bitter when presented on the red plateware, they were perceived as sweeter when tasted from the red plateware than the black plateware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

irGSEA is an R package designed to assess the outcomes of various gene set scoring methods when applied to single-cell RNA sequencing data. This package incorporates six distinct scoring methods that rely on the expression ranks of genes, emphasizing relative expression levels over absolute values. The implemented methods include AUCell, UCell, singscore, ssGSEA, JASMINE and Viper. Previous studies have demonstrated the robustness of these methods to variations in dataset size and composition, generating enrichment scores based solely on the relative gene expression of individual cells. By employing the robust rank aggregation algorithm, irGSEA amalgamates results from all six methods to ascertain the statistical significance of target gene sets across diverse scoring methods. The package prioritizes user-friendliness, allowing direct input of expression matrices or seamless interaction with Seurat objects. Furthermore, it facilitates a comprehensive visualization of results. The irGSEA package and its accompanying documentation are accessible on GitHub (https://github.com/chuiqin/irGSEA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel technique for designing molds suitable for desktop thermoforming, specifically for creating packaging such as blister packs. Our molds, PackMolds, feature neither undercuts nor negative draft angles, facilitating their easy release from thermoformed plastic sheets. In this study, we optimize the geometry of PackMolds to comply with user-specified draft angle constraints. Instead of simulating the traditional thermoforming process, which necessitates time discretization and specifying detailed parameters for both material properties and machine configuration to achieve an accurate simulation result, we formulate our problem as a constrained geometric optimization problem and solve it using a gradient-based solver. Additionally, in contrast to industrial thermoforming, which benefits from advanced tools, desktop thermoforming lacks such sophisticated resources. Therefore, we introduce a suite of assistive tools to enhance the success of desktop thermoforming. Furthermore, we demonstrate its wide applicability by showcasing its use in not only designing blister packs but also in creating double-sided blister packs and model stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Akademik Sanat is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Here we introduce graphPAF, a comprehensive R package designed for estimation, inference and display of population attributable fractions (PAF) and impact fractions. In addition to allowing inference for standard population attributable fractions and impact fractions, graphPAF facilitates display of attributable fractions over multiple risk factors using fan-plots and nomograms, calculations of attributable fractions for continuous exposures, inference for attributable fractions appropriate for specific risk factor → mediator → outcome pathways (pathway-specific attributable fractions) and Bayesian network-based calculations and inference for joint, sequential and average population attributable fractions in multi-risk factor scenarios. This article can be used as both a guide to the theory of attributable fraction estimation and a tutorial regarding how to use graphPAF in practical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health technology assessment uses a multidisciplinary approach to support health benefits package design towards universal health coverage. The evidence-informed deliberative process framework has been used alongside Health technology assessment to enhance stakeholder participation and deliberations in health benefits package design. Applying the evidence-informed deliberative framework for Health assessment could support the morally diverse sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) benefits package design process. However, evidence on participation and deliberations for stakeholders in health technology assessment for SRHR benefits package design has not been curated in sub-Saharan Africa. This study synthesises literature to fill this gap. Methods: This scoping review applies the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews, and deductive analysis following the evidence-informed deliberative processes framework. The search strategy uses the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission-proposed comprehensive definition of SRHR and the World Health Organisation's universal health coverage compendium of SRHR interventions to generate search terms. Six databases and biographical hand searches were used to identify studies in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1994. Results: A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence for yearly public budgets and explicit SRHR health technology assessment processes was not found. In 12 of the studies reviewed, new advisory committees were set up specifically for health technology assessment for SRHR priority-setting and benefits package design. In all decision-making processes reviewed, the committee member roles, participation and deliberations processes, and stakeholder veto powers were not clearly defined. Patients, the public, and producers of health technology were often excluded in the health technology assessment for the SRHR benefits package design. Most health technology assessment processes identified at least one decision-making criterion but failed to use this in their selection and appraisal stages for SRHR benefits design. The identification, selection, and scoping stages in health technology assessment for SRHR were non-existent in most studies. In 11 of the 14 processes of the included studies, stakeholders were dissatisfied with the health policy recommendation from the appraisal process in health technology assessment. Perceived benefits for evidence-informed deliberative processes included increased stakeholder engagement and fairness in decision-making. Conclusion: To support the integration of diverse social values in health technology assessment for fairer SRHR benefits package design, evidence from this review suggests the need to institutionalise health technology assessment, establish prioritisation decision criteria, involve all relevant stakeholders, and standardise the process and assessment methodological approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Packaging and packaging technology constitute a pivotal industry deeply intertwined with our daily lives and prevalent in various settings, including grocery stores, supermarkets, restaurants, and pharmacies. The industry is constantly evolving thanks to technological advances. This article delves into the dynamic landscape of 3D printing in packaging, exploring its profound implications and potential. While this article highlights the advantages of traditional packaging approaches, it also highlights the many benefits of 3D printing technology. It describes how 3D printing enables personalization, rapid prototyping, and low-cost production, streamlining packaging design and manufacturing processes. Offering innovative solutions in design, functionality, and accessibility, the potential of 3D printing in packaging is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Packaging design is pivotal in motivating consumer decisions, as a key communication tool from creation to purchase. Currently, the interpretation and evaluation of packaging's impact are shifting toward non-traditional methods. This pilot study evaluated the packaging perception of York Ham and Turkey Breast products. The event-related potential (ERP) technique, the methodology priming words (positive and negative), and target images (original and modified packaging) were applied. A total of 23 participants were sampled using a 32-channels scalp elastic electrode cap and viewed 200 trials of word–image matching. Participants responded whether the images and adjectives matched or not, using the two groups of images. The results demonstrate an N400 effect in the parietal area. This region was observed to show evidence of cognitive processing related to congruency or incongruency, by contrasting the priming and target of this study. The evaluation positioned the York Ham packaging as the best rated. The findings show a relevant contribution to ERPs and research related to the food packaging perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shape and color of a product constitute the aesthetic and visual language that conveys the product's quality and emotional elements. Evaluating psychological perceptions in experimental scenarios can help determine the optimal product shape and color. The shape of a product is regarded as its fundamental element, which provides visual stimulation to consumers, elicits aesthetic appreciation, encourages purchases, and enhances product visibility. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the emotional design elements of product shapes and colors. We also examined user characteristics and various emotional aspects of product and packaging designs. Three experiments involving portable speakers were conducted to explore the emotional associations between product shape, product color, and packaging color. The first experiment was conducted to identify the most popular speaker shape on the basis of user ratings with four emotion adjectives. The results indicated that the rectangular speaker was the most popular speaker shape, followed by the cylindrical speaker. The second experiment was conducted to identify the most popular color design for the rectangular speaker from the first experiment on the basis of four pairs of emotion adjectives, namely popular–outdated, international–local, innovative–conservative, and elegant–vulgar. The participants were shown color images of the speaker in various color designs and asked to rate them by using these adjectives. The results indicated that the most popular color was dodger blue, followed by lime green. The third experiment was conducted to identify the most popular three-color scheme for the speaker's packaging box from 45 schemes developed in accordance with Horiguchi's Munsell New Color Psychology System. The results indicated that the most popular color scheme was cresol (sharp), followed by lavender (refined) and incense (quiet and tranquil). Overall, this study investigates the shape and color of the packaging box of a technology product and contributes to the literature by offering guidance for future research on product shape design and packaging color design. Our findings provide researchers with both theoretical and practical insights into color aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]