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This Bachelor thesis is both theoretical and practical. The first part of the theory focuses on an aggressive patient, the causes of aggression, expression, prevention, treatment and access to an aggressive patient. It also mentions aggression in hospitals. In the second part, the theme is restrictive devices, which are often used precisely in aggressive patients. It discusses in more detail the types of restraints, the principles in their use, the laws governing them, the documentation and the nursing care of the patient under restriction. Research goals: In this bachelor's thesis, 3 goals were set. The first was to map the nurses' experience with restrictive devices in practice. The second aim was to explore the nurses' attitude to these means. The third aim was to identify what shortcomings nurses saw in the issue of the use of restraints. Research questions: Three research questions were identified on the objectives of the work. 1. What experience do general nurses have in the use of restraints? 2. What is the general nurse's position on restraints? 3. Do general nurses perceive any shortcomings in the use of restraints? Methods: A qualitative research strategy was used in the practical part. The data collection took place through semi-structured interviews conducted with general nurses in the internal departments of hospitals of the South Bohemia Region. The selection of informace was deliberate, with a total of 12. Results: Using the pencil paper method of data analysis, we created 3 categories of questions and 21 subcategories. All nurses have experience of using curtsies and medication from their practice. The frequency of their use varies according to the ward they work in. Almost half of the nurses had a bad experience concerning the improper use of restrictive medication. Nurses' attitudes are slightly more positive positive mainly due to patient and staff protection. From the nurses' perspective, the positives outweigh the negatives when it comes to restrictive measures. Half of the nurses expressed that they were aware of the shortcomings of this issue. The most frequently mentioned was the lack of availability of orderlies or security guards on the ward.

The bachelor's thesis deals with the problem of the role of the nurse in communication with a manipulative patient. It is dedicated to the correctness of communication approaches to patients with manipulative behaviour in a hospital settings. This work highlights the important activities of the nurse, her communication and dealings with these patients in her field. Thhe work provides a nurse's perspective on activites in the provision of care and communication, but also a look at the experiences, needs and expectations of patients. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of communication and manipulation, the most common way of using communication in Czech health practice, focused on process manipulation, causes, recognition and application of communication between nurse and patient. It defines and approximates the communication most commonly associated with a patient's manipulative behaviour in a hospital setting. From interviews with nurses a patients, their view of manipulation as not usually solvable in health practice, but nevertheless a highly visible and impactful issue, which has a very large psychological impact on nurses. From the patient's point of view, their perspective on the behaviour of nurses and other medical staff is addressed based on interviews. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to map the skill of nurses communicating with a manipulative patient and what skills nurses use when communitacing with a manipulative patient in a hospital setting. The investigation revealed that nurses working in hospital units are the most preoccupied with patient's attention and try to treat them to the best of their knowledge and conscience of all nurses surveved. The quality of the nurses from each listed unit was confirmed by the knowledge and insight of the patients interviewed hospitalised in the inpatient ward. Furthermore, the research investigation shows that nurses encounter different types of behaviour stemming from manipulation and patients have no concerns about showing up in this way. Based on interviews with nurses, we learn about the individual view of the manipulation of each of them, as well as through the execution of work on each ward. Based on interviews with patients, we learn about the quality care of nurses, as well as the individual approach of each of them.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of patients experiencing postoperative pain in a Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The thesis is aimed at three basic goals. The first one is focused on the analysis of the pain a patient experiences in a PACU. The second goal is the in-depth comparison of the pain the patients experience after various surgeries and the third goal is to get the feedback on the nurses' approach to the pain assessment. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the detailed explanation and the division of pain, treatment of pain and the function and the equipment of a PACU. The research part of this thesis was carried out in the form of quantitative research. A form with 22 questions, which was targeted on nurses working at the PACU, was used for the data acquisition. The questions were aimed at obtaining detailed data related to the evaluation of postoperative pain, but also at obtaining the information regarding staffing in particular hospitals. 183 nurses working in 79 hospitals filled out the form. There was also monitoring of pain carried out with 83 patients in the PACU in the Military University Hospital Prague. The patients experienced various types of surgeries. The results could help to find suitable strategies of evaluating and postoperative pain treatment in the PACU. During the research, it became obvious that patients who underwent neurosurgical operations of the spine experience the most intense pain. On the contrary, patients who underwent urological surgeries experience the least intense pain According to nurses'opinion the most important factors in evaluating patient's pain are the verbal expression of the patients and the change of physiological functions. Neither the lenght of practice nor the education has statistically a significant influence on the final evaluation of patient's pain. The experienced nurses with long-term practice predominate in the PACU. Based on the information given by nurses, it is safe to assume that the current treatment of postoperative pain is sufficient. It's rather rare for a patient to have strong pain after running out of options in analgetic treatment. It's worth noting that there are significant differences in the staffing of the PACU across hospitals.

La tuberculosi (TB) continua sent un greu problema de salut pública a causa de les altes taxes de prevalença, incidència i mortalitat que provoca anualment a les comunitats. L'objectiu de l'estudi és identificar i analitzar els factors de risc de pèrdua de seguiment del tractament de la TB en pacients tractats per TB a l'Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda. La pèrdua de seguiment de pacients en tractament de la TB és considerat un dels desafiaments en la lluita contra la TB a Angola i es considera que contribueix de manera important a la gran càrrega de malaltia per TB. A més, se sap que la manca d'adherència al tractament augmenta el risc de resistència als medicaments, la recaiguda i la taxa de mortalitat. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és analitzar les característiques principals dels pacients amb TB que es perden del seguiment a l'Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, així com comprendre els principals factors relacionats amb la manca d'adherència al tractament. Per això, es van dissenyar dos estudis. Al primer, realitzem un estudi prospectiu d'una cohort amb 113 pacients que van iniciar tractament per a la TB a l'Hospital Sanatori de Luanda entre l'1 d'agost del 2018 i el 30 de setembre del 2019 i analitzem les principals característiques dels pacients que van abandonar el tractament. Realitzem un segon estudi amb un enfocament qualitatiu enfocat a comprendre millor els principals factors relacionats amb la pèrdua de seguiment des de la perspectiva dels pacients, familiars i personal sanitari. Es van entrevistar un total de 49 persones i es van fer 4 grups focals. Quan vam analitzar les variables associades a la pèrdua de seguiment a la cohort de pacients tractats de TB a l'Hospital Sanatori de Luanda, observem que una presentació de TB greu en el moment del diagnòstic i menjar menys de 3 vegades al dia es van associar significativament amb la pèrdua de seguiment ( OR 9,24, IC 95% 2,18-39,04, p=0,006) i (OR 5,96, IC 95% 1,66-21,41, p=0,006). Durant les entrevistes i grups focals, identifiquem cinc causes principals associades a la pèrdua de seguiment: barreres per a l'atenció mèdica, problemes relacionats amb els fàrmacs antituberculosos, creences religioses i variables sociodemogràfiques com a manca de suport familiar, factors econòmics, reubicació i distància al centre de salut. Les conclusions d'aquesta tesi són d'enorme valor per comprendre els motius de la pèrdua de seguiment dels pacients amb TB, cosa que permetrà dissenyar mesures que permetin una millor adherència i, per tant, un èxit més gran del tractament. La tuberculosis (TB) sigue siendo un grave problema de salud pública debido a las altas tasas de prevalencia, incidencia y mortalidad que provoca anualmente en las comunidades. El objetivo del estudio es identificar y analizar los factores de riesgo de pérdida de seguimiento del tratamiento de la TB en pacientes tratados por TB en el Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda. La pérdida de seguimiento de pacientes en tratamiento de la TB es considerado uno de los desafíos en la lucha contra la TB en Angola y se considera que contribuye de forma importante a la gran carga de enfermedad por TB. Además, se sabe que la carencia de adherencia al tratamiento aumenta el riesgo de resistencia a los medicamentos, la recaída y la tasa de mortalidad. El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar las principales características de los pacientes con TB que se pierden del seguimiento en el Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, así como comprender los principales factores relacionados con la falta de adherencia al tratamiento. Por eso, se diseñaron dos estudios. En el primero, realizamos un estudio prospectivo de una cohorte con 113 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento para la TB en el Hospital Sanatorio de Luanda entre el 1 de agosto de 2018 y el 30 de septiembre de 2019 y analizamos las principales características de los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento. Realizamos un segundo estudio con un enfoque cualitativo enfocado a comprender mejor los principales factores relacionados con la pérdida de seguimiento desde la perspectiva de pacientes, familiares y personal sanitario. Se entrevistaron un total de 49 personas y se realizaron 4 grupos focales. Cuando analizamos las variables asociadas a la pérdida de seguimiento en la cohorte de pacientes tratados de TB en el Hospital Sanatorio de Luanda, observamos que una presentación de TB grave en el momento del diagnóstico y comida menos de 3 veces al día se asociaron significativamente con la pérdida de seguimiento (OR 9,24, IC 95% 2,18-39,04, p=0,006) y (OR 5,96, IC 95% 1,66-21,41, p=0,006). Durante las entrevistas y grupos focales, identificamos cinco causas principales asociadas a la pérdida de seguimiento: barreras para la atención médica, problemas relacionados con los fármacos antituberculosos, creencias religiosas y variables sociodemográficas como falta de apoyo familiar, factores económicos, reubicación y distancia en el centro de salud. Las conclusiones de esta tesis son de enorme valor para comprender los motivos de la pérdida de seguimiento de los pacientes con TB, lo que permitirá diseñar medidas que permitan una mejor adherencia y, por tanto, un mayor éxito del tratamiento. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious problem for public health due to the high prevalence, incidence and mortality rates caused annually in the communities. The study aim is to identify and analyse the risk factors of lost to follow up (LTFU) TB treatment in patients treated for TB in Sanatorium Hospital in Luanda. LTFU TB treatment is identified as one of the challenges to be considered in the fight against TB in Angola and is considered a major contributor to the great burden of TB disease. Moreover, it is known that lack of treatment adherence increases the risk of drug resistance, relapse and mortality rate. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the main characteristics of TB patients who are LTFU at the Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, as well as to understand the main factors related to LTFU. For this purpose, two studies were designed for this. In the first one, we carried out a prospective cohort study with 113 patients, who started TB treatment in Sanatorium Hospital in Luanda between August first, 2018 and Se ptember, 30th 2019 and we analysed the main characteristics of patients who were LTFU. We performed a second study with a qualitative approach focused to better understand the main factors related to LTFU TB treatment, from a perspective of patients, family members and health care providers. A total of 49 people were interviewed, and 4 focus groups were carried out. When we analysed the variables associated with LTFU in the cohort of patients treated for TB in Hospital Sanatorium of Luanda, we observed that a severe TB presentation at the moment of diagnosis and eating less than 3 times per day were significantly associated with LTFU TB treatment (OR 9.24, 95% CI 2.18-39.04, p=0.006) and (OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.66- 21.41, p=0.006). During the interviews and focus groups, we identified four main causes that lead to LTFU TB treatment: healthcare barriers, drug related problems, religious beliefs, and sociodemographic variables such as lack of family support, economic factors, relocation and distance. The conclusions of this thesis are of enormous value to understand the reasons for the loss of follow-up of patients with TB to be able to design measures that allow better adherence and, therefore, greater treatment success.

This bachelor's thesis focuses on the needs of patients in a dialysis program and the role of the nurse in this issue. Two objectives were established for this bachelor's thesis: To map the needs of patients in a dialysis program, and to determine the role of the nurse in patients undergoing dialysis. The work is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, the anatomy of the kidneys is briefly described, as well as the reasons for kidney failure. Subsequently, various elimination methods are described and explained, along with nutritional and exercise measures. The transplantation procedure is also briefly described. Attention is paid to the needs of patients, nursing care, and education. The empirical part was processed using qualitative research through semi-structured interviews focused on patients undergoing dialysis and nurses working in the dialysis center. The research sample consisted of 13 patients and 9 nurses. To achieve the set objectives, five research questions were created: What are the bio-psycho-social-spiritual needs of patients in a dialysis program? How does dialysis treatment affect patients' lives? What is the level of patient education before starting dialysis treatment? What is the role of the nurse in satisfying the needs of patients in a dialysis program? What is the role of the nurse in providing information to patients in a dialysis program? Our research has shown that dialysis generally has a negative impact on the quality of life of most of our respondents. Respondents are most negatively affected by thirst, the time demands of dialysis, poor sleep quality, changes in social needs, and overall fatigue after dialysis. Additionally, our research has shown that nurses in the dialysis center primarily fill the role of provider of nursing care, educator, and advisor who also provides emotional support. The results of the research serve as informational material for patients in the predialysis program and as potential recommendations for nurses working in dialysis centers.

The diploma thesis deals with the work management of the nurse in septic orthopaedics from the point of view of the nurse and patient as the recipient of care. Since the operative medicine goes generally very fast ahead and surgeries are performed in different terrain, often in infected or potentially infected areas, the surgical wound can be infected by microorganisms from outside or inside. Therefore, it is essential that nurses working with such patients should know the management of the work on the patient with infectious complications. The aim of the work is to map the management of the nurse's work in septic orthopaedics. To achieve this, 3 hypotheses and 4 research questions were set. To achieve the aim, quantitative research was used in the form of questionnaires for nurses who encounter patients with septic diagnosis or complications in their work. 365 questionnaires were included in the research. The qualitative research was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with 9 participants who met the inclusion criteria. It can be said that although septic orthopaedic patients come in contact with nurses in all types of hospitals across the republic, it cannot be said that there is a single model in the provision of care. The truth is that the provision of care depends on the education, the length of the nurse's practice, but also on the type of hospital where the patient is hospitalized. A qualitative research survey found that the most important factor for patients is not the way of providing care, but the human approach to them, communication with them and the time that the staff is willing to devote to them. A happier patient is the one to whom the staff is dedicated. In conclusion, we would like to say that septic orthopaedics from the perspective of the nurse work management is under-discussed and it would be advisable to change this.

The present Master's thesis examines the topic of anaesthesia-resuscitation ward visits, interactions, and communication, seen from the perspective and views of nurses and family members of the patients. The primary objective was to examine the interaction between nurses and family members of patients admitted to the anaesthesia-resuscitation wards; the second objective was to investigate the nurses' and family members' perceptions of these patients. The author has achieved the goals mentioned above through qualitative research using two methods: semi-structured interviews with family members of patients and questionnaires involving nurses working in the anaesthesiology-resuscitation wards. The research has established the following: nurses keep an open, positive attitude towards supporting the patient's family; nurses' cooperation with the family members does not depend on their shift difficulty; however, the demandingness of the shift can be influenced by the amount of time the nurse spends with the patient's family; and the nurse's view of the patient is not subject to their education or length of work experience. It is hard for families to see their relatives admitted to the anaesthetic and resuscitation ward; such experiences are associated with very negative feelings; moreover, the family members expect the nurse to behave and act in a role-defined manner. Families usually want to be involved in their loved one's care and appreciate when the nurse is helpful, proactive, supportive and does not shun them; on the other hand, the unfamiliar and strange environment of the ward, and their loved one fighting for life, impacts negatively on families. The present thesis has resulted in drafting an information leaflet that nurses can use for the education of anaesthesia-resuscitation ward visits, containing basic information about the ward, general instructions and a description of the patient, accompanied by illustrations.

This bachelor thesis is devoted to communication between a patient and a nurse during the collection of biological material. Aims of the thesis: To explore communication barriers from the nurses' side during biological material collection. To learn about the patients' experience with communication techniques used by nurses during the selected biological material collections. To find out which communication techniques are used by nurses during the collection of biological material. Methodology and research population: For the fulfillment of set goals, a qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews aided with observation was implemented. The interview-based data were then analysed using open coding and Pen-and-Paper method (PAPI). The research population consisted of 11 nurses and 6 patients from hospitals in the South Bohemian Region and Vysočina Region. The research was carried out from February to March 2023. The criteria for the selection of nurses for our research was the execution of collecting biological material as part of their work at the selected workplace. The minimal experience of the nurses was 5 years for interviews and 2 years for observations. The patients were to undergo a selected biological material collection. Three categories and six sub-categories were found during the data analysis. Results: The research through observation showed us that many nurses communicate with patients professionally and adequately but some nurses omit or unsuitably use certain elements of verbal and non-verbal communication. Those include inappropriate addressing, violation of hygienic guidelines, lack of patient identification or failure to divert attention during procedures. Of course, no communication with the patient throughout the material collection is easy and comes with many barriers, be it language, space, misunderstanding, patient's unwellness or staff shortage at the workplace. Patients' experience with positive and negative attitude of the nurses varies in each facility. The results of the interviews revealed that smiling, eye to eye contact, empathy, attention diversion or verbal communication during material collection are essential for the patients. Recommendations for practice: The results of this work can be used as study material or guidance for nurses already working in the healthcare sector, but also for non-medical students. This will enable nurses to develop patient-centred communication skills that are essential for the provision of quality nursing care.

Telemonitoring je definovaný ako použitie informačných technológií na monitorovanie pacientov na diaľku. Jeho využitie je prínosom najmä u pacientov s chronickými ochoreniami, ako je napríklad i chronické srdcové zlyhávanie. Monitorovanie výživy, pohybovej aktivity teploty, hmotnosti, srdcovej frekvencie, krvného tlaku sleduje sestra na diaľku a vyhodnocuje inteligentnými domácimi monitorovacími zariadeniami. Telemonitoring umožňuje zníženie komplikácií chronických ochorení vďaka lepšiemu sledovaniu poskytuje služby zdravotnej i ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti bez použitia nemocničných lôžok, znižuje cestovanie pacientov, u pracujúcich voľno v práci a celkové náklady. Je tiež spôsob, ako reagovať na nové potreby domácej starostlivosti u populácie s chronickými ochoreniami.

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of hospice care. Its goal is to compare the perception of hospice care of those people who had some personal experience with it and those who have not dealt with it. Another goal is to find out how this experience affects their perspective of dying. To achieve these goals the quantitative research strategy has been used. The method of data collecting has been realized via questionnaires. The researching cohort consisted of individuals whose relatives used the services of sv. Jan N. Neumann Hospice in Prachatice and also of the individuals who have not used such services. 89 respondents have participated on these questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested by the contingency table, chi-squared test and the T-test. The results of the research have shown that the experience with hospice care affects the potential selection of hospice care for the respondent himself or for his relatives. It also affects the appropriateness of hospice care for the last days of a dying person, and it projects into the appraisal of deceasing in hospice. The experience with hospice care also affects the arrangements for death - those with no experience are more likely unprepared. On the other hand, the experience with hospice care has not affect the appraisal of deceasing at home as a proper place for dying. It does not even have an impact on whether the respondents think or talk about their own mortality. The experience with hospice care also does not affect their opinion about the necessity of increasing the support and the public awareness about this type of care. It also does not affect the amount of fear or anxiety about respondent's death. With the issue of awareness about hospice care those respondents who had previous experiences with hospice care proved more knowledge. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to encourage the public awareness about hospice care.

Souhrn V souladu s rozšiřující se působností tréninku kognitivních funkcí a mnemotechnik je zaměřena pozornost na využití tréninkových technik u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě. V práci je využita část případové studie zaměřená na trénink paměti u muže 35 let po kraniektomii z důvodu intracerebrálního krvácení se spastickou pravostrannou hemiplegií, dysfázií, afázií, s chronickým onemocněním ledvin.

The aim of this thesis was to chart the specifics of communication between nurses and patients in the emergency department. Two research questions were formulated based on this goal: "What are patients' experiences with communication from nurses in the emergency department?" and "What communication problems occur between nurses and patients in the emergency department?" Additionally, two hypotheses were developed, namely: "Nurses' knowledge of communication principles differs according to their level of education" and "Nurses' knowledge of communication principles differs by length of experience." A mixed research strategy was used, including semi-structured interviews and an unstandardised questionnaire. The study involved 12 patients treated in the emergency department and 216 nurses working in the department. The interviews were evaluated with the open coding method, using pencil and paper, and the results were subsequently categorised. Hypotheses were tested using nonparametric correlation Spearman's correlation coefficient in IBM SPSS Statistics 28 program. The results of the qualitative research emphasise the importance of communication in the emergency department. Patients evaluate their experiences primarily based on the approach and communication from the staff. The most frequently reported communication issues are unsuitable communication from nurses, followed by the staff not having enough time, high numbers of patients in the waiting room, and insufficient information. The quantitative results demonstrate a statistically significant effect between nurses' educational level and knowledge of communication principles. The test result yielded a p-value of 0.01%. Thus, the higher the educational attainment, the higher the knowledge of communication principles. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between the length of experience and knowledge of communication principles. According to the test result, the p-value was 19.6%. Therefore, knowledge of communication principles is not related to nurses' experience. The most common barriers from the perspective of nurses are aggression from patients and a lack of time. One of the solutions to the barriers is certainly to increase the number of staff and to ensure lifelong communication skills education for nurses.

In the presented bachelor thesis were set two main gals. The first one was to map needs of the sufferer with migraine. The second one was to describe regime meassures of the sufferer with migraine. Four research questions were developed to adress the objectives, which are as follows: How do patients subjectively describe the course of migraine attacks? What are the needs of a patient with migraine attack? What factors influence the frequency and course of migraine attacks? How much are patients with migraine attack inform about regime measures? The Empirical part of bachelor thesis was developed by using qualitative research methods. To the process of collect datas was used semi-structures interview technique. The interview consisted 28 questions, which are presented in Appendix 1. The findings were processed using open coding, pencil-and-paper technique. The research population consisted of a total od 9 informants who suffer from migraine. The subjects had to be over eighteen years of age and their experience of migraine had to be at least five years. The results of the research part are presented in the bachelor thesis trough tree main kategories. The first category focuses on the subjective description of the course of migraine attacks of individual informants. This category includes the frequency of migraine attacks, the description of the period before the attack, the course of the attack itself, and finally the posta-attack period. The secon category delas with the needs of migraine sufferers. Here is description of the informants´ behaviour during the attack, how much the informants are affected by migraine, and how the informants manage migraines pain. The last category focuses on regime measures. In this category, migraine patients describe migraine triggers, the regime measures followed by migraine patients, how informed the yre about migraine conditions, and what information they miss about migraine. The results of the bachelor thesis will be used by health professionals to expand information about the needs of migraine sufferers. The information found cant hen be used by nurses to map out the regime measures of patients with migraine. The obtained informations can also be used by migraine patients who would be able to better understand migraine-related conditions and regime measures based on the thesis.