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2. Evaluation of Muscle Proteins for Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Author

Piegari G, De Pasquale V, d’Aquino I, De Biase D, I, Caccia G, Campobasso CP, Tafuri S, Russo V, Paciello O., Piegari, G, De Pasquale, V, D’Aquino, I, De Biase, D, I, Caccia, G, Campobasso, Cp, Tafuri, S, Russo, V, and Paciello, O.

Subjects
veterinary forensic pathology, General Veterinary, forensic sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, forensic sciences, postmortem interval, time since death, veterinary forensic pathology, postmortem interval, time since death
Abstract

Postmortem cadaveric changes are commonly used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in humans and animals. However, these modifications have been poorly investigated in animals of interest to veterinary forensic pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of muscle proteins (desmin and dystrophin) as biomarkers for estimating the PMI in dogs. For this study, 10 dead adult dogs were evaluated for 4 days in a temperature-controlled room at 19 ± 1 °C. For each animal, at 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after death, a 1 × 1 × 1 cm cube of muscle tissue was removed from the vastus lateralis and triceps brachii. Protein expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemical examination and immunoblot analysis. The obtained results showed rapid dystrophin degradation, with complete disappearance at 72 h after death. In contrast, desmin-positive fibers and desmin protein bands detected by immunoblot were observed on all 4 days of observation. Our findings suggest the potential use of muscle proteins as biomarkers for estimating the PMI in dogs.

Published
2023

4. Standardization initiative for canine mammary tumours: national guidelines, multi-institutional ring test and diagnostic algorithm

Author

Cocumelli, C., primary, Crescio, M.I., additional, Baldassarre, V., additional, Brunetti, B., additional, Burrai, G.P., additional, Grieco, V., additional, Iussich, S., additional, Maniscalco, L., additional, Mariotti, F., additional, Millanta, F., additional, Paciello, O., additional, Rasotto, R., additional, Romanucci, M., additional, Sfacteria, A., additional, Papparella, S., additional, and Zappulli, V., additional

Published
2023
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11. Transverse aortic constriction induces gut barrier alterations, microbiota remodeling and systemic inflammation [*Boccella N., Paolillo R. and Coretti L. co-first authors]

Author

Boccella N., Paolillo R., Coretti L., D'Apice S., Lama A., Giugliano G., Schiattarella G. G., Cuomo M., d'Aquino I., Cavaliere G., Paciello O., Mollica M. P., Mattace Raso G., Esposito G., Lembo F., Perrino C., Boccella, N., Paolillo, R., Coretti, L., D'Apice, S., Lama, A., Giugliano, G., Schiattarella, G. G., Cuomo, M., D'Aquino, I., Cavaliere, G., Paciello, O., Mollica, M. P., Mattace Raso, G., Esposito, G., Lembo, F., and Perrino, C.

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that modifications of gut function and microbiota composition might play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). In this study we systematically analysed gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal and serum cytokines and serum endotoxin levels in C57BL/6 mice undergoing pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 1 and 4 weeks. Compared to sham-operated animals, TAC induced prompt and strong weakening of intestinal barrier integrity, long-lasting decrease of colon anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, significant increases of serum levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines. TAC also exerted effects on microbiota composition, inducing significant differences in bacterial genera inside Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and TM7 phyla as shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples from TAC or sham mice. These results suggest that gut modifications represent an important element to be considered in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction in response to TAC and support this animal model as a valuable tool to establish the role and mechanisms of gut-heart crosstalk in HF. Evidence arising in this field might identify new treatment options targeting gut integrity and microbiota components to face adverse cardiac events.

Published
2021

17. The correlation between cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology in animal models of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Author

Prisco F., Papparella S., Paciello O., Prisco, F., Papparella, S., and Paciello, O.

Subjects
Myocarditi, Animal model, Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, Myositi, Neuromuscular disorders
Abstract

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders in which skeletal muscle is inappropriately targeted by the immune system. IIMs are characterized by inflammation of muscle and varying degrees of muscle dysfunction. Extra-muscular manifestations may involve heart, skin, joints, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Cardiovascular involvement is a feared event because is one of the leading causes of mortality in IIM patients. As the myocardium shares many features with the skeletal muscle, it is supposed that it can be affected by the same inflammatory processes, which take place during the different forms of IIMs. However, the full extent of this link and the mechanisms behind it are still not fully understood. Animal models have greatly improved our understanding of IIM pathomechanisms and have proven to be a useful tool for discovering therapeutic drug targets. Here we report the evidence of heart muscle involvement in different animal models of spontaneous IIMs, assuming a common autoimmune mechanism and presenting them as study models for human pathology.

Published
2020

23. Spartium junceum L. poisoning in small ruminants

Author

Ariano A., Costagliola A., D'ambola M., Cortese L., Pietrobattista L., Di Francesco G., Salucci S., Iovane V., Paciello O., Severino L., Ariano, A., Costagliola, A., D'Ambola, M., Cortese, L., Pietrobattista, L., Di Francesco, G., Salucci, S., Iovane, V., Paciello, O., and Severino, L.

Subjects
Cytisine, Toxic plant, Sheep, Spartium junceum L
Abstract

An outbreak of neurological disorders in a flock of 20 sheep coming from a rural farm in Civitella Roveto, Italy, occurred in winter 2015. All the animals showed tonic-clonic convulsions followed by muscle paralysis associated with dilated pupils, tremor, tachycardia, tachypnea and diarrhea. The presence of bundles of dry broom of Spartium junceum L. in the feed, eaten by the animals supported the hypothesis of plant intoxication. Two animals died after worsening of clinical signs. The anatomopathological findings and the laboratory results ruled out viral or bacterial infections or accidental exposure to other toxics. Phytochemical study showed the presence of large amount of cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, in all parts of the plant eaten by the animals. Clinical and pathological findings, the complete remission of clinical signs after the exclusion of dry broom from the diet, together with the results of phytochemical analyses results corroborated the hypothesis of S. junceum L. intoxication.

Published
2019

26. European Forensic Veterinary Pathology Comes of Age

Author

Munro, R, Ressel, L, Gröne, A, Hetzel, U, Jensen, H E, Paciello, O, Kipar, A, University of Zurich, and Kipar, A

Subjects
2734 Pathology and Forensic Medicine, General Veterinary, 3400 General Veterinary, 570 Life sciences, biology, 10184 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2020

32. Studio delle patologie tiroidee nella pecora in aree contaminate

Author

De Biase, D, Piegari, G, Prisco, F, Bosco, A, Genovese, A, Cringoli, G, Paciello, O., Società italiana di Patologia ed Allevamento degli Ovini e dei Caprini (SIPAOC), De Biase, D, Piegari, G, Prisco, F, Bosco, A, Genovese, A, Cringoli, G, and Paciello, O.

Published
2018

39. Anti-skeletal muscle antibodies in sera of dogs with leishmaniasis

Author

Prisco F, Piegari G, De Biase D, Oriente F, Ricci S, Cimmino I, Pagnini U, Gizzarelli M, Oliva G, Papparella S, Paciello O, SISVet, Prisco, F, Piegari, G, De Biase, D, Oriente, F, Ricci, S, Cimmino, I, Pagnini, U, Gizzarelli, M, Oliva, G, Papparella, S, and Paciello, O

Published
2017

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