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Pachyrhynchus forsteni Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1864 (Figs. 2A, 2C) This species was described from “ Ternate, Halmaheira et Sumatra ”, and recently Yoshitake et al. (2018) reported it from Makian Island. In that same article the authors questioned the presence of the species on Sumatra, considering it unlikely. Recently three specimens of this species were captured north of the village of Daeo Majiko (South Morotai— Morotai Island) together with a series of Pachyrhynchus morotaiensis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1864. The specimens, one of which in the author’s collection, are identical to the specimens examined from the island of Halmahera., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, 2023, About some Indonesian Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824 with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), pp. 495-500 in Zootaxa 5227 (4) on page 498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7518982, {"references":["Yoshitake, H., Saito, A. & Hartono, R. (2018) Occurrence of Pachyrhynchus forsteni Snellen van Vollenhoven (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) on Makian Is., the Maluku Isls., Indonesia. Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 8 (1), 17 - 18."]}

Pachyrhynchus faisali Bollino, sp. nov. (Figs. 1A–1G) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EA6E6229-44F5-4EA5-861B-2D710D48809C Type material. Holotype, male (Figs. 1A–1B): Indonesia — West Papua / Teminabuan / South Sorong Regency / vii.2020 / lg. local people—coll. Bollino (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE / Pachyrhynchus faisali / BOLLINO, 2023 (typed on red card) (SMTD). Diagnosis. Pachyrhynchus faisali is similar in general appearance to P. forsteni; however, P. faisali is easily distinguishable from P. forsteni by the elytra being striate-punctate, the unique color of the scaly markings on the prothorax and elytra, and the slightly more globose eyes. Description. Male. Dimensions: LB: 11.1; LR: 1.9; WR: 2.0; LP: 3.9; WP: 4.1; LE: 7.2; WE: 5.7. Color pattern. Integument glossy black with weak bluish luster on rostrum, underside with weaker luster. Body subglabrous, with cobalt blue scaly markings. Rostrum dorsally minutely pubescent; each side of rostrum covered with longer hairs on lateral part before antennal scrobe, small patch of cobalt blue scales on lateroventral part behind antennal scrobe. Prothorax with the following three cobalt blue scaly markings: 1) small sublateral elongate patch of round scales near subapical groove; 2) very small sublateral patch of round scales near subbasal groove; 3) lateral patches along basal margin. Each elytron with the following sixteen scaly markings: 1–5) subbasal round spot on interval 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10, those on interval 3, 9 and 10 being smaller; 6–11) post-median round spot on interval 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, those on interval 2, 4 and 6 being smaller and slightly more anterior; 12) post-median elongated spot on interval 10; 13–15) subapical round patches on interval 3, 5 and 7; 16) preapical transverse stripe. Femora partially covered with fine hairs. Tibiae fringed with fine brownish hairs along internal margins, mingled with darker setae; fore and middle tibiae sparsely covered with brownish hairs becoming denser along internal margins and on apical parts; hind tibiae mostly covered with similar hairs to those on fore tibiae. Mesosternum sparsely pubescent with few cobalt blue scales; metasternum glabrous with lateral patches of cobalt blue scales. Venter subglabrous. Ventrites 1 and 2 with sublateral patches of cobalt blues scales, that of ventrite 2 being smaller. Head moderately minutely punctate; forehead flattish; eyes moderately convex from lateral contour of head. Rostrum nearly as long as wide (LR/WR 0.95); dorsum moderately minutely punctate, with shallow, narrowly arrowhead-shaped concavity on middle of basal half, and shallow oval impressions in lateral portion of basal half, weakly bulging on apical half; apical bulge dorsally flattish, smooth; dorsal contour of forehead and rostrum subcontinuous; dorsal contour of rostrum almost flat in basal half, then slightly raised from center to apical quarter, and finally gradually declined at apex. Antennae with scape moderately clavate, flattened, slightly shorter than funicle; funicular segment I nearly two times as long as wide, slightly longer than II; segment II slightly less than twice width, twice as long as III; segments III– VI subequal in length, nearly as long as wide; segment VII as long as VI, wider than long; club narrowly subellipsoidal, 2.25 times as long as wide. Pronotum subspherical, nearly as long as wide (WP/LP 1.05); dorsum smooth, faintly minutely punctate, moderately convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; lateral contour strongly dilated from moderately constricted base, widest just behind middle, faintly convergent apicad; basal margin subtruncate; apical margin shallowly arched; subbasal and subapical grooves indistinct. Elytra subobovoid (LE/WE 1.26), wider than prothorax (WE/WP 1.39), nearly twice as long as prothorax, (LE/LP 1.85), striate-punctate, with intervals evenly flat; dorsum dorsally convex; dorsal contour highest before middle; lateral contour gently dilated from base, widest at middle, then more strongly convergent to apex, without subapical constriction. Metasternum and ventrite I conjointly depressed on disc; discal depression deep on ventrite I, apically reaching apical margin of ventrite I. Legs slender; femora moderately clavate; anterior margins of fore femora and posterior margins of middle and hind femora weakly emarginate in subapical parts; tibiae somewhat strongly incurved, finely serrate along internal margins, mucronate at apices. Genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 1D–1G). Female: unknown. Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality. Etymology. This species is dedicated to my friend Faisal Latutuapraya (Bali, Indonesia) for his contribution to the knowledge of the Indonesian Curculionidae., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, 2023, About some Indonesian Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824 with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), pp. 495-500 in Zootaxa 5227 (4) on pages 496-498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7518982

Pachyrhynchus viridis (Chevrolat, 1879) (Figs. 2B, 2E) The species was originally placed in the genus Apocyrtus Erichson 1834 by Chevrolat (1879), with type locality “Nova-Guinea (Dorey) [= Manokwari]”. Later, Dalla Torre et al. (1931) treated it as a member of the genus Sphenomorpha Behrens 1887, a treatment followed by Setliff (2007). Yoshitake (2017), after examination of the holotype in Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, proposed the new combination Pachyrhynchus viridis (Chevrolat). Recently I obtained a single male of Pachyrhynchus from Neney village (Ransiki District, Manokwari Province, West Papua) which matches the diagnosis of P. viridis provided by Yoshitake (2017), but the color of the tegument is shiny black. In the same paper, Yoshitake described Pachyrhynchus ohbayashii from Biak Island. Comparing both the diagnosis and images of the two species provided by Yoshitake, I have not been able to attribute my specimen with certainty to one or the other species. Based on the simple topological data I consider it Pachyrhynchus viridis. Taking advantage of the availability of specimens of four of the five Indonesian species of Pachyrhynchus most phenetically similar to each other, I also wanted to compare the morphology of the male genitalia, as well as attempt the evertion of the endophallus. As already pointed out (Bollino & Sandel, 2017; Cabras et al., 2018), this latter procedure is not simple, and usually requires several attempts with different specimens. I was able to obtain a complete evertion only in P. morotaiensis (Fig. 2D) and P. viridis (Fig. 2E), and a partial eversion in P. forsteni (Fig. 2C), while I have not obtained any results in P. faisali. The morphology of the aedeagus and/or endophallus of the genus Pachyrhynchus has sometimes been used to propose phyletic relationships between species (Bollino et al., 2017; Cabras et al., 2017; Bollino, 2022). In the species treated here and on the basis of the morphology of the endophallus, it would seem that P. forsteni and P. viridis are more differentiated from the other species of the genus Pachyrhynchus as no other taxon has the long median dorsal diverticulum found in the two Indonesian species (see red arrows in figs. 2C and 2E). Something similar is also present in some Pachyrhynchini belonging to the genus Pantorhytes Faust 1892, even if the general structure of the endophallus of this genus is simpler and the smaller median diverticulum is ventral (fig. 2F). Pachyrhynchus morotaiensis,on the contrary, seems in this respect more similar to the rest of the members of the genus Pachyrhynchus. As regards the morphology of the aedeagus, the only relevant data is the shape of the apex, rounded in P. forsteni, P. morotaiensis and P. faisali, and slightly pointed in P. viridis and P. ohbayashii. The length of the apodemes compared to that of the aedeagus is also different (P. forsteni LA / LEd: 2.10; P. faisali LA / LEd: 1.62; P. morotaiensis: LA / LEd: 1.41; P. viridis: LA / LEd: 1.55; P. ohbayashii: LA / LEd: 1.79). On the basis of my experience, the length of the apodemes of the Pachyrhynchini is directly proportional to the length of the introflexed endophallus, and therefore of the everted one also., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, 2023, About some Indonesian Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824 with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), pp. 495-500 in Zootaxa 5227 (4) on pages 498-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7518982, {"references":["Yoshitake, H. (2017) Notes on Pachyrhynchus Jewel Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from the Papuan Region. Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 7 (1), 241 - 246.","Cabras, A. A., Bollino, M. & Medina, M. N. (2018) A new species of the subgenus Orthocyrtus, genus Metapocyrtus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) from Mindanao, with notes on its ecology. Baltic Journal of Coleopterology, 18 (1), 39 - 46.","Bollino, M. (2022) Three new species of Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824, (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Mindanao Island, The Philippines, with taxonomical notes. Zootaxa, 5116 (4), 504 - 516. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5116.4.2"]}

Pachyrhynchus similis sp. nov. (Figs. 1A���1D) Type material. Holotype, male (Figs. 1A���1B): Philippines ��� Mindanao / Near Wao / (Lanao del Sur) / VII.2017, coll. Bollino (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE / Pachyrhynchus similis / BOLLINO, 2022 (typed on red card), presently in MBLI, will be deposited in SMTD. Paratypes (40♂♂, 25♀♀): 1♂, 8♀♀, same data as the holotype; 1♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Near Wao / (Lanao del Sur) / IX���XII.2017, coll. Bollino; 19♂♂, 4♀♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Near Wao / (Lanao del Sur) / May ��� July. 2018, coll. Bollino; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Alamada���Dado Vill. / (North Cotabato) / December 2018 ��� January 2019 / Lgt. Local people���coll. Bollino; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Mt. Kitanglad���DomorogVill. / (Bukidnon) / October���December 2018 / Lgt. Local people���coll. Bollino; 1♂, Philippines��� Mindanao / Near Wao / (Lanao del Sur) / VII 2019, coll. Bollino; 1♂, 1♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Alamada��� Dado Vill. / (North Cotabato) / September 2019 / Lgt. Local people���coll. Bollino; 1♂, 1♀, Philippines ���Mindanao / Wao (Lanao del Sur) / XI.2019 ��� III.2020 / coll. Bollino, all in MBLI; 2 ♂♂, Philippines / Mindanao, Lanao, Wao / June 2017 / local collectors leg. // ex Prof.A. Barsevski coll.; 2♂♂, Philippines / Mindanao, Lanao, Wao / VIII 2018 / local collectors leg.; 1♂, Philippines / Mindanao, Lanao, Wao / XI 2018 / local collectors leg.; 1♂, Philippines/ Mindanao, Cotabato, Alamada / II 2019 / local collectors leg., all in DUBC; 1♀, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Wao: 09.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 2♂♂, 1♀, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Wao: 10.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 2 ♂♂, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Wao: 12.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1♀, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Wao: 01.2019 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1♂, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Alamanda: 10.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1♂, 1♀, Philipphines-Mindanao Isl. / Lanao del Sur Pr. / Kapatagan: 09.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1♀, Philipphines ���Mindanao Isl. / Bukidnon Pr. / Mt. Kalatungan, Dominorog: 12.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1♂, Philipphines ��� Mindanao Isl. / Bukidnon Pr. / Kabanglasan: 09.2018 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel, all in CFS. To all paratypes was added the additional label: ��� PARATYPE / Pachyrhynchus similis / BOLLINO, 2022��� (typed on red card). Diagnosis. Pachyrhynchus similis belongs to the atrocyaneus species group (see taxonomic notes below), and differs from all other species of the group by its elytral ornamentation: light green to yellowish green subbasal spot on third interval, antimedian transverse band on entire width and long broad stripe extending from behind middle to just before apex of third interval, all atop a dark glowing red integument, Description. Male. Dimensions: LB: 9.2���10.5 (holotype 10.5); LR: 1.5���1.8 (1.8); WR: 1.3���1.7 (1.6); LP: 2.8���3.3 (3.3); WP: 3.0���3.4 (3.4); LE: 6.1���6.7 (6.7); WE: 4.6���5.0 (5.0). N = 6 for all measurements. Color pattern. Integument dark glowing red. Body surface mostly strongly shiny, except underside with weaker luster. Body mostly subglabrous, with yellowish green to light green glossy markings of round to elliptic recumbent scales. Head subglabrous, with a small median yellowish green scaly patch at base of rostrum.Rostrum with lateral parts covered with pale yellowish hairs under antennal scrobes; a patch of yellowish green scales behind antennal scrobes and extended to gena. Prothorax with the following four yellowish green scaly markings: 1) triangular patch of round scales in middle near base, 2) small dorsolateral spot of round to elliptic scales on each side, 3) lateral patches along basal margin, and 4) anterior margin and lateral basal margin with round scales, both merged with lateral patches. Each elytron with the following ten scaly markings of light green to yellowish green round scales: 1) subbasal spot on third interval; 2) subbasal spot on fifth interval; 3) antimedian transverse band on entire width; 4) long broad stripe extending from behind middle to just before apex of third interval; 5) small dot on interval 1 at middle of apical declivity; 6) subapical dot on fourth interval; 7���9) postmedian patches on intervals 5���7, and 10) long stripe extending from the base to apex along outer margin, conjoined with antimedian transverse band. Markings # 4���9 conjoined. Femora subglabrous. Tibiae fringed with sparse hairs along internal margins. Prosternum with intercoxal subtriangular patch of yellowish green scales; mesosternum and metasternum nearly totally covered by round yellowish green scales. Ventrite 1 with small sublateral scaly patch. Head sparsely and minutely punctured. Front flattish, nearly three times as wide as eye width; eyes relatively large, prominent from outline of head; outline of each eye highest behind middle. Rostrum longer than wide (LR/WR 1.125); dorsum moderately finely punctured, with obtriangular concavity on basal half, which extends almost to front; transverse furrow with rounded bottom at the apicalmost portion of the dorsal concavity; weakly bulging on apical half; apical bulge dorsally flattish. Antennae with scape slender, nearly as long as funicle, moderately clavate; funicular segments all of same width, but segments 1 and 2 twice as long as wide, segments 3 to 7 subequal in length, nearly as long as wide; club subovoid, nearly twice as long as wide. Pronotum spherical, slightly wider than long (WP/LP 1.05); dorsum smooth, weakly convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides gently dilated from moderately constricted base, widest at middle, then gently convergent apicad; basal and apical margins subtruncate; subbasal and subapical grooves entirely distinct. Elytra ovoid (LE/WE 1.5), wider than pronotum (WE/WP 1.45), about twice longer than pronotum (LE/LP 2.03), weakly striate-punctured, with intervals evenly flattish; dorsum moderately convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides weakly and gradually dilated from base, widest slightly before middle, then gently narrowed to weak subapical constrictions, and gently rounded at apices; apical fifth of interval 9 with apical callus. Metasternum flat on disc. Ventrite 1 widely depressed on disc; apex of discal depression reaching apical margin of ventrite 1. Ventrite 5 widely truncate at apex. Legs slender; femora clavate; meta and hind tibiae weakly incurved apically, sharply minutely serrate along internal margins, mucronate at apices; tibial mucrones vestigial on hind legs. Genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 2G���2I, 5G). Female. Dimensions: LB: 10.8���12.0; LR: 1.4���1.7; WR: 1.6���1.7; LP: 3.0���3.2; WP: 3.1���3.4; LE: 7.6���8.4;WE: 5.5���6.1. N = 5 for all measurements. Elytra much wider than prothorax (WE/WP 1.77���1.80), with stronger subapical constrictions, elongate apically, and interval 9 of elytra with a well marked apical callus. Ventrite 1 flattish or slightly inflated on disc. Otherwise, essentially as in males. Distribution. The new species is distributed in north eastern North Cotabato, south eastern Lanao del Sur and Bukidnon, west of Mount Kitanglad. Etymology. The Latin name ���similis��� means similar, in reference to its strong resemblance to Pachyrhynchus naokii Yoshitake, 2012., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, 2022, Three new species of Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824, (Coleoptera, Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mindanao Island, The Philippines, with taxonomical notes, pp. 504-516 in Zootaxa 5116 (4) on pages 505-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6375289

Pachyrhynchus chrysomaculatus sp. nov. (Figs. 4A���4D) Type material. Holotype, male (Figs. 4A���4B): Philippines Islands / Mindanao ��� Bukidnon Pr. / Cabanglasan: XI 2014 / Ex. Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE / Pachyrhynchus chrysomaculatus / BOLLINO, 2022 (typed on red card), presently in MBLI, will be deposited in MTD. Paratypes (7♂♂, 10♀♀): 2♂♂, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Cabanglasan / (Bukidnon) / IX���X.2015 / coll. Bollino; 1♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Caganglasan ��� Bukidnon / III���IV.2013 /m 800���1000���lg. local people / coll. M. Bollino; 1♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Cabanglasan / (Bukidnon) / January���March 2016 / coll. Bollino; 1♀, Philippines ��� Mindanao / Cabanglasan / (Bukidnon) / February 2017 / coll. Bollino, all in MBLI; 1♀, Philippines: Mindanao / Bukidnon, Cabanglasan / III 2014 / Local collector (Munetoshi Maruyama Collection); 1 ♂, Philippines: Mindanao / Bukidnon, Intavas / iv 2014 / Local collector; 1♀, Philippines: Mindanao / Bukidnon, Cabanglasan / V 2014 / Local collector; 1♀, Philippines: Mindanao / Bukidnon, Cabanglasan / VIII 2014 / Local collector, all in MMFJ; 2♀♀, Philipphines Islands / Mindanao ��� Bukidnon Pr. / San Fernando: X-2013 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 1 ♀, Philipphines Islands / Mindanao ��� Bukidnon Pr. / Kabanglasan: VII-2014 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 2♂♂, 1♀, Philipphines Islands / Mindanao ��� Bukidnon Pr. / Kabanglasan: XI-2014 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel; 2♂♂, Philipphines Islands / Mindanao ��� Bukidnon Pr. / Kabanglasan: III-2015 / Ex Ismael Lumawig / Coll. Franco Sandel, all in CFS. To all paratypes was added the additional label: ��� PARATYPE / Pachyrhynchuschrysomaculatus / BOLLINO, 2022��� (typed on red card). Diagnosis. Pachyrhynchus chrysomaculatus belongs to the atrocyaneus species group, and differs from all other species of the group by its elytral ornamentation: green yellowish subbasal spot on third interval, antimedian transverse band formed by single spots on first, second, fourth, sixth, seventh snd eighth interval, all atop dark glowing red integument. Description. Male. Dimensions (Holotype): LB: 10.3���10.7 (HT 10.30); LR: 1.7���1.9 (I.7); WR: 1.44���1.65 (1.55); LP: 3.25���3.35 (3.25); WP: 3.2���3.4 (3.2); LE: 6.4���7 (6.7); WE: 5.2���5.4 (5.2). N = 3 for all measurements. Color pattern. Integument of head and pronotum dark red, glowing; elytra, antennae and tarsi slightly darker. Body surface mostly strongly shiny, except underside with weaker luster. Body mostly subglabrous, with creamy yellowish to green yellowish glossy markings of round to elliptic recumbent scales. Head subglabrous, with a small median creamy yellowish scaly patch at base of rostrum. Rostrum with lateral parts covered with pale green/yellowish narrow scales and golden long hairs behind antennal scrobes, golden hair-like scales under antennal scrobes, and long golden hairs near apex. Prothorax with the following four scaly markings: 1) longitudinal patch of creamy yellowish round scales in middle near base; 2) round laterodorsal spot of yellowish round to elliptic scales on each side; 3) a pair of lateral patches along basal margin, and 4) anterior margin and lateroventral basal margin with creamy yellow round scales, both merged with lateral patches. Each elytron with the following fifteen scaly markings of green yellowish round scales: 1) antimedian spot on first interval; 2) antimedian spot on second interval; 3���4) subbasal and postmedian spots on third interval; 5���6) antimedian and subapical spots on fourth interval;7) postmedian spot on fifth interval; 8) large subbasal spot on intervals 6���9; 9) antimedian spot on sixth interval; 10���11) antimedian and postmedian spots on seventh interval; 12) antimedian spot on eighth interval; and 13���15) subbasal and postmedian spots and subbasal stripe on marginal part. Femora subglabrous. Tibiae fringed with sparse hairs along internal margins. Prosternum sparsely covered with fine light-colored hairs in addition to minute pubescence, with markings of glossy yellow-gold round scales; intercoxal parts of prosternum covered with yellow scales; metasternum nearly totally covered inround yellow scales with a goldenshine; ventrites1 and 2 with small scaly patches. Head sparsely and minutely punctured. Forehead flattish, nearly three times as wide as eye width; eyes relatively large, prominent from outline of head; outline of each eye highest behind middle. Rostrum as long as wide (LR/WR 1); dorsum moderately finely punctured, with deep obtriangular concavity on basal half, weakly bulging on apical half; apical bulge dorsally flattish, with shallow indistinct sulcus along midline. Antennae with scape slender, nearly as long as funicle, moderately clavate; funicular segments all of same width, first segment 1.5 times longer than wide, segment 2 twice as long as wide, segments 3���7 subequal in length, nearly as long as wide; club subovoid, nearly twice as long as wide. Pronotum spherical, as long as wide (WP/LP 1); dorsum smooth, weakly convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides gently dilated from moderately constricted base, widest at middle, then gently convergent apicad; basal and apical margins subtruncate; subbasal and subapical grooves entirely distinct. Elytra subobovoid (LE/WE 1.28), wider than pronotum (WE/WP 1.62), about twice longer than pronotum (LE/LP 2.06), weakly striate-punctured, with intervals evenly flattish; dorsum moderately convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides weakly, gradually dilated from base, widest slightly before middle, then gently narrowed to weak subapical constrictions, and gently rounded at apices; apical fifth of interval 9 with an apical callus. Metasternum flat on disc. Ventrite 1 widely depressed on disc; apex of discal depression reaching apical margin of ventrite 1. Ventrite 5 widely truncate at apex. Legs slender; femora clavate; meta and hind tibiae weakly incurved apically, sharply minutely serrate along internal margins, mucronate at apices; tibial mucrones vestigial on hind legs. Genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 2O���2Q). Female. Dimensions: LB: 10.3���11.3; LR: 1.7���1.8; WR: 1.55���1.7; LP: 3.1���3.2; WP: 3.2���3.5; LE: 7���7.8; WE: 5.3���6. N = 3 for all measurements. Elytra wider, LE/WE 1.30���1.32, WE/WP 1.65���1.71, more strongly elongate apically, and interval 9 of elytra with a well marked apical callus. Ventrites 1 and 2 slightly inflated. Otherwise, essentially as in males. Distribution. Presently, probably restricted to the type locality; the single specimen with different collecting data (Bukidnon, Intavas) is perhaps mislabeled because, as pointed out by Yoshitake (2016), mislabeling is not uncommon in commercially collected material. Etymology. From the Greek ����υ����ς (= gold) and the Latin ���maculatus��� (= spotted) for the intensely golden color that the spots take on under certain angles of light., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, 2022, Three new species of Pachyrhynchus Germar 1824, (Coleoptera, Curculionidae Entiminae) from Mindanao Island, The Philippines, with taxonomical notes, pp. 504-516 in Zootaxa 5116 (4) on pages 511-513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6375289, {"references":["Yoshitake, H. (2016) A New Synonymy of Pachyrhynchus apoensis Yoshitake (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 6 (2), 197 - 198."]}

Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu Cabras, Donato, Medina, & Van Dam sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A���D) Material. Holotype (Fig. 1 A, C), male: Philippines ��� Mindanao / Davao City / vi.2019 / Lg. M.P. / coll. UMCRC (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE male / Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu / CABRAS, DONATO, MEDINA, & VAN DAM 2021 (typed on red card). Presently in UMCRC, it will be deposited in Philippine National Museum of Natural History (PNMNH) under the National Museum of the Philippines (NMP). Paratypes. 4 males, 3 females: same data with holotype. Presently in UMCRC; 2 males, 2 females, same data with holotype/ coll. CASENT; 1 female, Philippines- Mindanao / Cabanglasan / Bukidnin / X. 2014 / coll. Bollino; 1 female, Philippines- Mindanao / Cabanglasan / Bukidnin / IX ��� XI. 2016 / coll. Bollino. Diagnosis: Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu sp. nov. is closely related to Pachyrhynchus ardentius Schultze, 1919 from Siargao Island and Pachyrhynchus corpulentus Schultze, 1922 from Bukidnon. The new species differs from P. ardentius and P. corpulentus by having a pair of elongated spots on both sides of the middle disc, instead of the subtriangular scaly patch in P. ardentius and thin longitudinal stripe in P. corpulentus. The unique elytral markings with the absence of median spots and presence of extra sub-basal and subapical spots in P. obumanuvu sp. nov. sets it apart from P. ardentius and P. corpulentus. Description. Dimensions: LB: 11.0 ��� 13.5 (holotype 13.5 mm, ��:13.14). LR: 1.9 ��� 2.0 (holotype 2.0 mm, ��: 1.99). WR: 1.9 ��� 2.0 (holotype 2.0 mm, ��:1.99). LP: 3.5 ��� 4.0 (holotype 4.0 mm, ��:3.93). WP: 4.0 ��� 4.5 (holotype 4.5 mm, ��:4.43). LE: 8.3 ��� 9.5 (holotype 9.5, ��:9.33). WE: 5.4 ��� 6.0 (holotype 6.0, ��:5.91). N=7. Integument dark burnished red with a weak greenish sheen. Body dorsal surface, rostrum, head glossy, and ventral surface moderately shiny. Body mostly subglabrous with very fine hairs and lustrous yellow green to turquoise recumbent round scales. Head subglabrous, with sparse minute hairs on ventral side and scaly markings of metallic light yellow-green, recumbent, and round to elliptic scales forming the following: a) two small spots in the forehead between eyes, and b) subelliptic patch on lateroventral parts behind eyes; forehead between eyes weakly depressed; lateroventral parts wrinkled. Rostrum as long than as wide (LR/WR: 1.0), weakly depressed on basal half, apical half weakly bulging with nearly obscure sulcus towards margin, dorsum with very minute pubescence, lateral surface with a patch of dense, shiny light-yellow recumbent scales, and long brown hairs at the anterolateral margin. Eyes small-sized and feebly convex. Antenna strongly clavate, scape shorter than the funicle, with sparse, fine and very minute hairs towards the apex. Funicle with longer suberect brown hairs. Funicular segment I nearly 1.5 time longer than wide; segment II slightly longer than segment I, nearly twice longer than wide; segments III-VI nearly as long as wide; segment VII slightly longer than wide; club sub-ovoid, nearly twice longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, slightly wider than long (LP/WP: 0.88), mostly glabrous, widest at middle, weakly convex, and with metallic light yellow-green, and turquoise round scales. Prothorax with the following scaly markings of metallic light yellow-green and turquoise round scales: a) thin band at the lateral side of anterior margin, b) two elongated spots on both sides of the middle of disc, and c) thick patch in lateroventral stripe before the coxa confluent with the short scaly band on anterior margin. Elytra ovate (LE/WE:1.58), wider and twice longer than prothorax (WE/WP: 1.33, LE/LP: 2.38), glowing red, sub-glabrous, moderately convex with very minute and sparse punctures and pubescence. Each elytron has scaly patches of metallic light yellow-green, and turquoise recumbent round scales forming the following: a) three subbasal patches with the dorsal and lateral patch both elliptical, and the middle subcircular, b) one small sub circular patch just below or at times in between the middle sub-basal patch and the lateral elliptical patch, c) median transverse band extending from middle towards lateral side but not reaching margin, d) antemedian stripe in the lateral margin extending towards apex, e) postmedian subsutural stripe extending towards apex confluent with the antemedian, lateral margin stripe, f) thin elliptical stripe between the subsutural and sutural patches, g) postmedian elliptical patch along suture, h) subapical elliptical patch along suture, i) oblique reniform subapical patch, and j) thin elliptical subapical spot near the lateral margin. Legs with moderately clavate femora. Femora covered with lustrous light-yellow and turquoise round scales towards apical margin. Tibiae covered with subrecumbent brown bristles, and moderately serrate along inner edge. Fore and mid tibiae bear a mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with dense pubescence. Coxae with sparse brown hairs. Mesepisterna with round scaly patch of light yellow and greenish round scales. Metasternum moderately rugose on disc, covered with light yellow and greenish round scales. Ventrite I weakly rugose, feebly depressed on disc with scaly spot of yellow and greenish round scales on both distal ends. Ventrite II nearly covered with light yellow and greenish round scales. Ventrites III-V bare. Apical half of Ventrite V with sparse subrecumbent brown hairs. Male genitalia as shown in Figure 3A���C. Female. Dimensions: LB: 12.0-13.5 mm (��:13.0): LR: mm 1.9: WR: 1.9. LP: 3.5. WP: 4.0. LE: 8.5- 9.4 (��: 8.77). WE: 6.5. N=5 Habitus as shown in Figure 1 A-D. Females differ from males by having wider elytra (LE/WE: 1.31-1.44) and weakly bulging Ventrite I on disc. Otherwise mentioned, similar to the male. Etymology. The specific epithet is named after the Obu-Manuvu, one of the indigenous tribes of Davao City. Distribution. Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu sp.nov. is known so far from Davao City. Notes on Distribution and Habitats The specimens of Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu sp. nov. were collected in the western side of Davao City. The area is characterized by hilly topography and the vegetation type is a mixture of agricultural and secondary forests. The specimens were collected along a narrow trail in a steep mountain slope with lush vegetation of various species of ferns, aroids, or ch ids, an d oth er sh r ubs. Th e auth or s could barely recognize the species of trees on the steep slope due to th e lush fer n s an d shrubs. The new species was collected while perching on the leaves and stem of Procris urdanetensis Elmer (family Urticaceae), a Philippine endemic species, and Elatostema sp. (family Urticaceae). There were lots of bite marks on the leaves of Procris urdanetensis Elmer and Elatostema sp. which suggest that it can be its food plant. The association of the endemic Pachyrhynchus species with endemic plants was also noted by Schultze (1923). The specimens were collected using a beating sheet and handpicking around 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning where they were found inactively perching. The authors do not wish to disclose the exact location in print to avoid over collection of the species by commercial collectors as in P��rez-Garc��a 2010, the GPS coordinates are available on the specimens��� label data., Published as part of Cabras, Analyn Anzano, Medina, Milton Norman, Donato, Joshua & Van Dam, Matthew H., 2021, Pachyrhynchus obumanuvu sp. nov., a new species of easter egg weevil (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) from Mindanao Island, Philippines, pp. 43-48 in Baltic Journal of Coleopterology 21 (1) on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5825174, {"references":["Schultze, W., 1923. A monograph of the Pachyrrhynchid group of the Brachyderinae, Curculionidae: Part I. Philipp. J. Sci., 23: 609 - 673 + 6 pls","Perez-Garcia, E. A. 2010. El redescubrimiento de Mexipedium xerophyticum (Soto Arenas, Salazar & Hagsater) V. A. Albert & M. W. Chase. Lankesteriana, 9 (3): 557 - 563."]}

Two new species belonging to the genus Pachyrhynchus Germar, 1824 (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini Schoenherr, 1826) from Northern Mindanao are described: Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei sp. nov. and Pachyrhynchus imitans sp. nov. The endophallus of Pachyrhynchus zamboanganus Yoshitake, 2012 is illustrated as well.

Pachyrhynchus imitans sp. nov. Rukmane & Bollino (Fig. 4 A–D) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6197CA4A-A6BC-4A96-B9B1-CBF9DDED913B Type material. Holotype, male (Fig.4 A–B): Philippines—Mindanao / Labuan (Zamboanga City) / October–November 2014 / ex. N. Mohagan—coll. Bollino (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE male / Pachyrhynchus imitans / RUKMANE & BOLLINO, 2020 (typed on red card), presently in MBLI, will be deposited in SMTD. Paratypes (12♂♂, 19♀♀): 1♂ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Zamboanga, Siocon / IV. 2019 / local collector leg.; 1♂ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Zamboanga, Siocon / II. 2019 / local collector leg.; 1♀ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Zamboanga, Labuan / II. 2018 / local collector leg.; 1♀ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Zamboanga / Sandayong / XII. 2018 / local collector leg.; 2♀ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Mt. Gampoy / II. 2016 / local collector leg.; 1♀ PHILIPPINES / Mindanao, Zamboanga, Mt. / Gampoy, 600–1200m / I. 2016 / local collector leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ PHILIPPINES, Mindanao / Zamboanga del. Norte / Gutalac. VIII. 2014 / local collector leg.; 1♀ PHILIPPINES, Mindanao / Zamboanga del. Norte / Gutalac. I. 2015 / local collector leg. (all in DUBC); 1♂ Philippines: / Mindanao / Zamboanga del Norte / Gutalac V. 2019 / via. I. Lumawig (in MZZC); 3♂♂, 5♀♀ same data as Holotype; 2♂♂, 3♀♀ Philippines—Mindanao Is. / Tampilisan / (Zamboanga del Norte) / XI.2014 / ex Noel Mohagan—coll. Bollino; 2♂♂, 4♀♀ Philippines—Mindanao / Gutalac (Zamboanga) / September 2014 / ex I. Lumawig—coll. M. Bollino; (all in MBLI). All paratypes with additional red card: PARATYPE / Pachyrhynchus imitans / RUKMANE & BOLLINO, 2020. Diagnosis. Pachyrhynchus imitans sp. nov. belongs to the Pachyrhynchus amabilis species group, but can be easily distinguished from P. zamboanganus for its glowing red body with darker, coppery to nearly black elytra instead of black integuments with bluish tinge, and similar species P. amabilis Schultze, 1922 and P. pseudoamabilis Yoshitake, 2012 for its elytral markings combined with the trilobed basal medio-ventral diverticulum of the endophallus instead of bilobed diverticulum. Description. Male. Dimensions: LB: 9.3–10.1 (holotype 9.8; â: 9.7). LR: 1.8–1.9 (1.9; 1.8). WR: 1.5–1.6 (1.6; 1.5). LP: 2.7–3.1 (3.1; 2.9). WP: 2.9–3.2 (3.2; 3.0). LE: 6.2–6.6 (6.4; 6.4). WE: 3.8–4.7 (4.3; 4.1). N= 4 specimens. Head, pronotum, femur and tibia dark glowing red; antennae and tarsi nearly black; integument of elytra dark coppery with green to reddish tinge. Body surface strongly shiny, except underside of elytra with weaker luster. Body with dark orange scaly markings of subovate recumbent scales. Head minutely pubescent, finely punctured throughout length, without scaly markings; lateroventral parts of the rostrum before and behind antennal scrobe covered with long hair-like scales, with very few elongated scales before it. Prothorax mostly glabrous dorsally, with the following three scaly markings: 1) a transverse band along basal margin, slightly protruding apically in middle, 2) a broad lateroventral stripe on each side that partially extends along the basal margin, and 3) a broad transverse band along apical margin. Each elytron subglabrous with two large scaly patches, one on basal half and another on apical half; basal patch obliquely depressed obovate, extending from suture to external margin of elytron, gradually widened toward elytral margin; apical patch subtriangular, extending from interval II to external margin of elytron, with basal margin arched posteriorly. Femora and tibiae subglabrous, the latter fringed with long hairs along internal margins, sparsely mingled with stout hairs. Prosternum and mesosternum mostly without scales, metasternum connected with transverse band of elytra, forming additional triangular patch on lateral sides. Ventrite 1 with few roundish scales along apical margin. Head sparsely punctured. Forehead flattish dorsally, slightly bulging near median edge of the eyes, nearly twice as wide as eye width; eyes large, bulging from outline of the head, with highest point just behind the middle. Rostrum slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.19–1.2); dorsum finely punctured, with deep triangular impression on basal part, bulging on apical part, with deep longitudinal medial groove from apical half to base of the forehead; dorsal contour of rostrum arched at basal half just before the middle, then raised up to apical half and straightened to apex. Scape densely covered with long golden hairs from just before the middle to the apex along outer margin. Antennal funicular segments I and II sub-equal in length, 1.5 times as long as wide; segments III–V subequal in length, slightly wider than long; segments VI–VII subequal, slightly larger than segments III–V; club suboval, more than twice as long as wide. Prothorax subspherical, nearly as long as wide (WP/LP 1.03–1.07); dorsum smooth, weakly punctured on apical half, moderately convex; dorsal contour highest slightly before the middle. Elytra subovate (LE/WE 1.4–1.63), wider than prothorax (WE/WP 1.31–1.47), more than twice length of prothorax (LE/LP 2.13–2.29), with smooth surface; intervals only marked by punctures; dorsal contour widest just at the middle. Genitalia as illustrated (Figs. 2 F–L). Female (Figs. 4 C–D). Dimensions: LB: 10.4–11.7 (â: 11.2). LR: 1.8–2.0 (1.9). WR: 1.5–1.7 (1.6). LP: 2.9–3.4 (3.2). WP: 3.1 –3.5 (3.4). LE: 7.2–7.7 (7.4). WE: 5.1–5.4 (5.2). N= 6 specimens. Slightly larger than males (â LB ♂ /â LB ♀: 0.86), with more convex and wider elytra (LE / WE 1.41 – 1.43). Otherwise, essentially as in males. Notes on variability. The typical series is fairly stable as far as the pattern is concerned. The only obvious variation concerns the color of the elytral integument, which tends to become black in the old specimens. Etymology. The new species is named imitans (Latin imitans = imitating) for its resemblance to other Pachyrhynchus species of the amabilis species group, i.e., P. zamboanganus, amabilis and pseudoamabilis. Distribution. To the best of our knowledge the new species is restricted to Zamboanga Peninsula, where it appears to have scattered and low-density populations. Taxonomical notes. Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei sp. nov. and Pachyrhynchus imitans sp. nov. belong to the Pachyrhynchus amabilis species group introduced by Bollino et al. (2017) because they share the same combination of morphological characters: 1) integument dark glowing red, with more-or-less marked green tinge. 2) eyes strongly convex from outline of head. 3) prothorax subspherical, with sides straightly dilated from constricted base. 4) prothorax with a scale band along anterior margin and another along posterior margin united at lateral margins, the latter discally somewhat denticulated. 5) endophallus having the same shape, with basal medio-ventral diverticulum bilobed in most species, but trilobed in two species (see below). The updated list of species assigned to the Pachyrhynchus amabilis species group, indicated in order of the year of description, is as follows: Pachyrhynchus amabilis Schultze, 1922 Type locality: Mindanao Isl., Prov. Bukidnon, Lindaban. Type in SMTD. Pachyrhynchus chamissoi Schultze, 1922 Type locality: Mindanao Isl., Prov. Bukidnon, Lindaban. Type in SMTD. Pachyrhynchus pseudamabilis Yoshitake, 2012 Type locality: Philippines, Mindanao Isl., Mt. Apo. Type in NIAES. Pachyrhynchus subamabilis Yoshitake, 2012 Type locality: Mt. Apo, S. Mindanao Isl., Philippines. Type in NIAES. Pachyrhynchus zamboanganus Yoshitake, 2012 Type locality: Philippines, West Mindanao Isl., Zamboanga del Norte Province. Type in NIAES. Pachyrhynchus tikoi Rukmane, 2016 Type locality: Philippines, Mindanao Isl., Bukidnon, Cabanglasan. Type in DUBC. Pachyrhynchus banglas Bollino, Sandel & Rukmane, 2017 Type locality: Philippines, Mindanao Isl., Bukidnon, Kabanglasan, Type in SMTD Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei Bollino & Rukmane, hoc opus Type locality: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Mt. Capole, Sebucal, Mt. Malindang Range, Misamis Occidental. Type in SMTD Pachyrhynchus imitans Rukmane & Bollino, hoc opus Type locality: Philippines, Mindanao Isl., Labuan, Zamboanga City. Type in SMTD We take advantage of the opportunity to correct an identification error committed by us (Bollino et al. 2017): the specimen identified as Pachyrhynchus zamboanganus Yoshitake, 2012 (op. cit.: figs. 5g, 6g, 9f) does not belong to this taxon, but to Pachyrhynchus imitans described here above. We therefore illustrate here the true P. zamboanganus (fig. 3A) and its endophallus (figs. 3B–C). Pachyrhynchus zamboanganus and P. imitans sp. nov. are very similar to each other in having the basal medio-ventral diverticulum of the endophallus trilobed rather than bilobed, thus the considerations made by Bollino et al. (2017: 192) apply to both.

Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei sp. nov. Bollino & Rukmane (Figs. 1 A���D) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92D86CA8-FAB5-446C-AD06-75BD7555914C Type material. Holotype, male (Figs.1 A���B): Philippines���Mindanao I. / Mt. Capole���Sebucal / Mt. Malindang Range / Oroquieta City���(Misamis Occidental) / 4���8.II.2020 ���m. 900���1100 / Lgt. D. Mohagan���coll. M. Bollino (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE / Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei / BOLLINO & RUKMANE, 2020 (typed on red card), presently in MBLI, will be deposited in SMTD. Paratypes (7♂♂, 12♀♀): 2♂♂, 2♀♀ same data of the holotype; 2♂♂, 4♀♀ Philippines���Mindanao I. / Lake Duminagat���Mt. Ginlajan / Mt. Malindang Range / Brgy. Gandawan-(Misamis Occidental) / 3���6.II.2020 ���m. 1700���1900 / Lgt. D. Mohagan���coll. M. Bollino; 1♂ Philippines���Mindanao I. / Mt. Malindang Range / Brgy. Mansawan (Misamis Occidental) / 9���10.II.2020 ���m. 800���900 / Lgt. D. Mohagan���coll. M. Bollino; 2♂♂, 6♀♀ Philippines���Mindanao I. / Lake Duminagat���Mt. Ginlajan / Mt. Malindang Range / Brgy. Gandawan-(Misamis Occidental) / 3���6.II.2020 ���m. 1300���1500 / Lgt. N. Mohagan���coll. M. Bollino, (all in MBLI). All paratypes with additional red card: PARATYPE / Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei / BOLLINO & RUKMANE, 2020. Diagnosis. Pachyrhynchus yoshitakei belongs to the Pachyrhynchus amabilis species group (see taxonomical notes below), and differs from all other species of the group by its elytral ornamentation. Description. Male. Dimensions: LB: 8.85���10.05 (holotype 10.05; ��: 9.7). LR: 1.6���1.8 (1.8; 1.7). WR: 1.45���1.6 (1.5; 1.5). LP: 2.9���3.5 (3.25; 3.2). WP: 2.95���3.5 (3.2; 3.2). LE: 5.7���6.5 (6.4; 6.25). WE: 4.1���4.5 (4.5; 4.3). N= 6 specimens. Integument of head and pronotum dark glowing red; antennae and tarsi slightly darker; integument of elytra glowing bottle green. Body surface mostly strongly shiny, except elytra subopaque and underside with weaker luster. Body mostly subglabrous, with slightly pinkish yellow glossy markings of round to elliptic recumbent scales. Head sparsely very minutely pubescent, with narrow elliptic scaly patch along midline; each side of rostrum densely covered with elongated to short hair-like scales on lateroventral part behind antennal scrobe, and covered with pinkish yellow linear scales and golden long hair-like scales on lateral part in front of scrobe. Elytra slightly pubescent, with small whitish hairs scattered along the parasutural area and the apex. Prothorax with the following five scaly markings: 1) broad transverse band along basal margin, with a small median denticulation, 2) broad lateroventral stripe on each side, 3) a pair of transverse lateral patches along basal margin, 4) a pair of small circular scaly patches on both sides of middle of pronotum and 5) thin transverse band along apical margin. Each elytron with the following six scaly markings: 1) small subbasal spot on interval III, 2) antimedian transverse band on entire width, 3) small postmedian spot on interval V, 4) long wide strip extending on interval III from behind the middle to just before the apex, turning slightly forward towards the outer edge, and joining with the streak of the outer margin, 5) postmedian round patch on interval VII, 6) long strip along postmedian outer margin joined with marking #4. Fore femora with some fine hairs, and light-colored elliptic to hair-like scales along proximal anterior margin; scales become sparse and minute medially. Mid and hind femora covered with similar scales to those on front pair along proximal posterior margins. Tibiae fringed with long hairs along internal margins, sparsely mingled with stout hairs. Prosternum mostly covered with dense general scales; intercoxal part of mesosternum entirely densely covered with general scales; metasternum mostly covered with general scales, which become denser on sides; ventrite 1 with a pair of large lateral patches of general scales along apical margin. Head moderately minutely punctured. Forehead flattish, nearly three times as wide as eye width; eyes relatively large, strongly prominent from outline of head; outline of each eye highest behind middle. Rostrum slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.15���1.2); dorsum moderately finely punctured, with deep obtriangular concavity on basal half, weakly bulging on apical half; apical bulge dorsally flattish, with shallow indistinct sulcus along midline from apical half to 1/4; dorsal contour of forehead and rostrum separated by shallow, wide, ill-defined transverse furrow; dorsal contour of rostrum weakly arched in basal half, then gradually raised at apical half, and finally gradually declined to apex; sides slightly widened apically; ventral surface simple, not convex along midline. Antennae with scape slender, nearly as long as funicle, moderately clavate; funicular segments I���II less than twice as long as wide; segments III���VII subequal in length, nearly as long as wide; club subovoid, nearly twice as long as wide. Prothorax subspherical, nearly as long as or barely longer than wide (WP/LP 0.98���1.02); dorsum smooth, moderately finely punctured, weakly convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides gently dilated from moderately constricted base, widest at middle, then gently convergent apicad, and finally slightly constricted behind apex; basal and apical margins subtruncate; subbasal and subapical grooves entirely distinct. Elytra subobovoid (LE/WE 1.38���1.48), moderately wider than prothorax (WE/WP 1.36���1.45), about one and three quarters as long as prothorax (LE/LP 1.70���1.88), weakly striate-punctured, with intervals evenly flattish; dorsum moderately convex; dorsal contour highest at middle; sides weakly, gradually dilated from base, widest slightly before middle, then gently narrowed to weak subapical constrictions, and finally gently rounded at apices. Metasternum flat on disc. Ventrite 1 widely depressed on disc; apex of discal depression reaching apical margin of ventrite 1. Ventrite 5 widely truncate at apex. Legs slender; femora rather strongly clavate; tibiae weakly incurved apically, sharply minutely serrate along internal margins, mucronate at apices; tibial mucrones vestigial on hind legs. Genitalia as illustrated (Fig. 2 A���E). Female (Figs. 1 C���D). Dimensions: LB: 10.5���13.2 (��: 11.8). LR: 1.6���2.1 (1.9). WR: 1.6���2.05 (1.8). LP: 3.2���4.1 (3.6). WP: 3.3���4.05 (3.6). LE: 7.2���8.6 (7.9). WE: 5.3���6.4 (5.8). N= 6 specimens. Elytra more strongly convex dorsally, much wider than prothorax (WE/WP 1.58���1.63), with stronger subapical constrictions, elongate apically, and more acutely rounded at apices. Ventrite 1 flattish or slightly inflated on disc. Ventrite 5 very widely depressed along lateral margins, with adpressed light hairs turned apically. Otherwise, essentially as in males. Genitalia: since female genitalia are of little or no use in identifying and characterizing the different species of Pachyrhynchini (Bollino et al., 2020), we do not illustrate them. Notes on variability. The series is fairly stable as far as the pattern is concerned. The only slight variation is observed in the freshest specimens, in which the bottle green color of the elytral integuments is lighter and brighter. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Hiraku Yoshitake (Tsukuba, Japan) for his contribution to a better knowledge of both the taxonomy and systematics of Pachyrhynchini. Distribution. As far as we know, the new species is endemic to the Malindang Mountain Range. The mossy forest prevails in the area where it was collected., Published as part of Bollino, Maurizio, Rukmane, Anita & Mohagan, Noel, 2020, Two new Pachyrhynchus (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) from Misamis Occidental (Mindanao, The Philippines), pp. 323-332 in Zootaxa 4852 (3) on pages 324-325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4409917, {"references":["Bollino, M., Medina, M. N. & Cabras, A. (2020) Three new Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) from Mindanao Island, Philippines. Journal of Tropical Coleopterology, 1 (1), 25 - 37"]}

The cuticle plays an important role in the evolutionary success of insects. Many studies on insect cuticles have reported a soft, resilin-rich endocuticle. However, a recent study indicated the presence of a sclerotised endocuticle in the weevil Pachyrhynchus sarcitis kotoensis, which contradicts former knowledge. To understand the degree of sclerotisation in the endocuticle of the weevil and its potential function, we first examined the endocuticle by microscopic and staining techniques. We next performed mechanical tests to measure the material properties of the endocuticle, and numerical simulations to predict the structural effect of the sclerotisation. Our results provide the first evidence of the existence of a sclerotised endocuticle and its remarkable function in improving the mechanical stability of the cuticle. This study highlights the finding of a high degree of sclerotisation in the stiff endocuticle of the weevil, especially the matrix surrounding the fibres. This novel case brings new understanding of cuticle properties and gives promising insights into biomaterial design.

Pachyrhynchus phaleratus Waterhouse, 1841, an entimine weevil belonging to the tribe Pachyrhynchini Schoenherr, 1826, was originally described from “the Philippine Islands”, based on material collected by Hugh Cuming (Waterhouse 1841). The precise type locality of this species is unknown, but Schultze (1923) recorded it from Catanduanes Island in the Bicol region of Luzon, Philippines.

Captive animal welfare is important for establishments that exhibit species for education, conservation, and research. However, captive animals are often exposed to a number of potential stressors, such as visitors and anthropogenic noise. We aimed to identify the impact of a concert series on the behaviour of Fiordland penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, n = 2), and solitary- (n = 1) or group- (n = 4)-housed collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). Animal behaviour, visitor density, and visitor behaviour was monitored pre-concert (afternoons, 16:00&ndash, 19:00), during the concert (evenings, 19:00&ndash, 21:00), and post-concert (nights, 21:00&ndash, 00:00) on concert days (penguin n = 7 days, peccary n = 8 days) and in the same periods on days when there was no concert (penguin n = 8 days, peccary n = 6 days). Fiordland penguins spent more time surface swimming and diving in the pool on concert afternoons and evenings (all p &lt, 0.001), more time in the nest on concert nights (p &lt, 0.001), preened less on concert afternoons and nights (p = 0.019), and engaged with their habitat less on concert evenings and nights (p = 0.002) compared to these periods on days without a concert. The group-housed peccaries slept more in the afternoon and evening (p &le, 0.01) and were more vigilant at night (p = 0.009) on concert days compared to no-concert days. The solitary-housed peccary slept more on concert nights (p = 0.035), rested more frequently across all time periods on concert days (p &lt, 0.001), and used the front of the enclosure more across all concert time periods (p &lt, 0.001) compared to no-concert days. We provide evidence that behaviour was altered on event days, however, we cannot determine the nature of these changes. Further research is needed to understand the impact of music concerts on zoo animal welfare.

International audience; Pachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils are flightless weevils characterized by colored patches of scales on their dark elytra. The vivid colors of such patches result from the reflection of differently oriented 3D photonic crystals within their scales. The results show that hybrid P. sarcitis, the first filial generation oftwo P. sarcitis populations from Lanyu Island (Taiwan) and Babuyan Island (Philippines), mixes the color of its ancestors by tuning the photonic structure in its scales. A careful spectroscopical and anatomical analysis of the weevils in the phylogeny reveals the hereditary characteristics of the photonic crystals within their scales in terms of lattice constant, orientation and domain size. Monitoring how structural coloration is inherited by offspring highlights the versatility of photonic structures to completely redesign the optical response of living organisms. Such finding sheds light onto the evolution and development mechanisms of structural coloration in Pachyrhynchus weevils and provides inspiration for the design of visual appearance in artificial photonic materials.

International audience; The fossil record of the genus Gavialis currently harbors nine species, many of which were erected from the mid XIX th to early XX th century, sometime on the basis of incomplete specimens. A survey of the Natural History Museum of London collections, where many specimens were collected in the course of geological surveys in Punjab and Sindh, part of the former Indian Empire, provides a basis to reevaluate the taxonomic content of the genus Gavialis. Four species, G. leptodus, G. pachyrhynchus, G. curvirostris and G. breviceps, are not referable to the genus Gavialis. The species G. hysudricus is considered a junior synonym of G. gangeticus. The genus Gavialis includes two species namely G. gangeticus and G. bengawanicus; two others, G. browni and G. lewisi require revisions. Several similarities are noted between the tomistomine Rhamphosuchus crassidens and G. leptodus, G. pachyrhynchus, G. curvirostris and G. breviceps. As a generality, the scarcity of information on sampling locations renders difficult a discussion on taxon provenance and age. However, a definitive revision of these taxa requires a revision of R. crassidens as well as an improved stratigraphic framework for all these taxa in a continuing effort to update the diversity of Gavialis and other longirostrine forms in the Mio-Plio-Pleistocene of India-Pakistan and SE Asia.

[Figure][1] A Pachyrhynchus jitanasaius larva in a fish poison tree fruit. Photo credit: Hui-Yun Tseng. There are many talented creatures in the Animal Kingdom, from swimmers and flyers to species with extreme hearing and vision, but Wen-San Huang from the National Museum of Natural

Robust body armour is one of many anti-predator strategies used among animal taxa. The exoskeleton of insects can serve as the secondary defence mechanism in combination with the primary defense such as warning colour. Aposematic Pachyrhynchus weevils advertise their unprofitability and use their robust exoskeleton for effective defence against lizard predators. While the mature weevils survive after the predatory attack, the soft teneral ones can easily be consumed. To reveal how the mature weevils achieve such effective protection, we investigated the ontogenetic changes in the microstructure and material properties of the exoskeleton of the adult weevils. We also tested the functional role of a weevil-specific structure, the fibrous ridge, in the robustness of the elytral cuticle of the mature weevils. The results showed that the mature weevils have thicker, stiffer and more sclerotized cuticle than the teneral ones. The fibrous ridges in the endocuticle considerably increase the overall stiffness of their cuticle. Together these biomechanical strategies enable Pachyrhynchus weevils to achieve robust body armour that efficiently protects them from lizard predation.

The occurrence of Leucocytozoon tawaki is recorded from blood smears of the jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus taken along the South African coast. Illese records represent both the first African specimens of this parasite as well as the first records since its description from the Fiordland crested penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus in New Zealand in 1976.

Expachyrhynchus gen. nov. is established in the tribe Pachyrhynchini of the subfamily Entiminae for two new species from Palawan Island, the Philippines: E. chloromaculatus sp. nov., the type species, and E. granulatus sp. nov. This new genus is similar in general appearance to the genus Pachyrhynchus Germar, but differs from it mainly by having the uneven prothorax with irregularly convex interstices between strong punctures and the elytra with weakly arched dorsal contour and more or less granulate intervals. Illustrations of diagnostic characteristics of the genus are provided. Expachyrhynchus chloromaculatus possesses a deep subobtriangular rostral concavity and the weakly granulate elytral intervals, whereas in E. granulatus the rostral concavity is much shallower and the elytral intervals are more strongly granulate. A key to the species is provided, in addition to a diagnosis, habitus photographs, and illustrations of male genitalia and female terminalia for each species.

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the name Pachyramphus G.R. Gray in Gould, 1839 (July) (family cotingidae) in its accustomed usage, for a genus of cotinga from Central and South America. It is proposed that the name Pachyramphus Gould, 1839 (January) and all its uses before July 1839 be suppressed.

Plasma concentrations of progesterone (males and females), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (males and females), oestradiol (females) and testosterone (males) were measured in Fiordland Crested Penguins at different stages from courtship to late in the incubation period. Plasma levels of oestradiol and testosterone were high during courtship, had declined to low levels by the time eggs were laid, and remained low in incubating birds. Progesterone was also highest during courtship in both males and females, but remained at relatively high levels following egg laying and during incubation. However, males returning from foraging towards the end of the incubation period had significantly elevated testosterone levels and lowered progesterone levels. Plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone remained constant in both sexes through all stages of the breeding cycle examined here.

Desmids from two unnamed tarns beside the Routeburn Track and from Peter's Pool, a young kettle-hole near Franz Josef Glacier, included Staurodesmus pachyrhynchus var. nothogeae Skuja (thereby confirming his proposed taxon), Staurastrum osvaldii Skuja var. brevibrachiatum var. nov., and S. pseudassurgens Mask. var. robustum var. nov. More specimens are needed to verify that a new variety of Cosmarium decedens (Reinsch) Racib., a new form of Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ehr., and reduced forms of E. verrucosum var. alpinum (Huber-Pest.) Krieg. were in the samples.

Pachyrhynchus chrysomelas Montrouzier Pachyrhynchus chrysomelas Montrouzier, 1855: 46. TYPE MATERIAL. — 7 syntypes located. Lectotype female, 11.5 x 6.0 mm, 852, chrysomelas Mont., Woodlark, MNHN. Paralectotypes with 2 MAMU, 3 MNHN, 1 NHRS. CURRENT STATUS. — Junior synonym of Pantorhytes stanleyanus (White 1852) (synonymy by Stibick, 1978)., Published as part of Kuschel, Guillermo, 2008, Curculionoidea (weevils) of New Caledonia and Vanuatu: Basal families and some Curculionidae, pp. 99-250 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 197 on page 182, {"references":["ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici MONTROUZIER X. 1855. - Essai de la faune de l'ile de Woodlark ou Moiou. dans cet ordre des insectes, vol. 6. Roret, Paris, 637 p. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, LACORDAIRE T. 1866. - Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres publiees par la Societe Imperiale d'Agriculture de Lyon (2) 7 (1): 1 - 114.","de Musee Royal de Belgique et de ma collection et notes diverses. Annales ZIMMERMAN E. C. 1942. - New Caledonian Microcryptorhynchus (Coleoptera, de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique: 227 - 236. Curculionidae). Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum 17: 85 - STIBICK J. N. L. 1978. - The genus Pantorhytes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 89."]}

Diets of sympatrically breeding yellow-eyed (Megadyptes antipodes), fiordland crested (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus), and little blue penguins (Eudyptula minor) were examined over 1 week in late October ...

Beetles in dimly lit tropical forests often display structural colours1, but in direct sunlight only part of the insect can be seen from any direction — it appears as a spot of light because multilayer reflectors on its rounded surface act like mirrors2,3. Here we describe a beetle, Pachyrhynchus argus, found in forests in northeastern Queensland, Australia, that has a metallic coloration that is visible from any direction owing to a photonic crystal structure analogous to that of opal4. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded example of an opal-type structure in an animal.

Investigations in the 1970s of Leucocytozoon tawaki Fallis, Bisset & Allison, a blood parasite of New Zealand’s Fiordland Crested Penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray) parasites normally transmitted by female simuliids resulted in the trapping of some 20 thousand female Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) adults, attracted to captive penguins. Three species were involved: Austrosimulium (A.) australense (Schiner), A. (A.) dumbletoni Crosby and A. (A.) ungulatum Tonnoir. Of those adults trapped, 24 were gynandromorphs; one other was obtained from elsewhere. Austrosimulium dumbletoni has only its female adult described; the two other species have all their stages known. Eight gynandromorphs of A. dumbletoni have been identified and elsewhere will be used formally to describe, for the first time, the male of this species. Here, synoptic descriptions of the gynandromorphs are provided.

Playback of the acoustic components of each of three little blue penguin, Eudyptula minor, displays resulted in significant increases in the rate at which perceiving conspecifics copulated and performed courtship displays; playback of crested penguin calls (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus and E. robustus) as controls had no effect on little blue penguin behaviour. Although the performance rates of courtship behaviour observed (i.e. mutual displays, copulation and male solo calls) were elevated significantly by the playback of each little blue penguin display, the courtship behaviour facilitated most was that incorporating the acoustic components being played back. Responses were greatest during the 5-min playback period of each test and usually dropped to control levels within 20 min. Social facilitation may alter the availability of social stimuli and cluster acts of copulation, both of which may influence the timing and synchrony of breeding.

Blood smears from 43 species of bird, mainly from the South Island of New Zealand, were examined for haematozoon parasites. An undescribed species of Leucocytozoon was discovered in the Fiordland crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus. It is assigned the name Leucocytozoon tawaki, and the gametocytes are described. Preliminary observations of its development in Austrosimulium austra‐lense, A. dumbletoni, and A. ungulatum are discussed, and the ookinete, oocyst, and sporozoite stages within these hosts are briefly described.

Aspects of the breeding and moulting behaviour of the Snares crested penguin Eudyptes robustus were studied over six seasons. The birds nest only on the Snares Islands (48°S; 166°E) and in the southern summer. The bird is considered worthy of full specific status, despite similarities to the Fiordland crested penguin E. pachyrhynchus. Male E. robustus are larger and heavier than females and the extent of this sexual size dimorphism was examined from breeding pairs and from random samples of adults, yearlings and chicks. The size dimorphism is detectable in yearlings and may begin in the chick stage. There are about 114 and 21 colonies of Snares crested penguins on the Main and Broughton Islands respectively. The average colony in 1969 produced about 44 fledglings. The world population may number between 30 000 and 50 000 birds. Maturity is deferred. The youngest known to have bred is a six-year-old male which reared a chick at least to the creche stage. Two other six-year-olds and one seven-year-...

Hepatic and renal schizonts are described from Fiordland crested penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) chicks, and renal and splenic schizonts from mature birds. Ookinetes, oocysts, and sporozoites are described from the primary vector, Austrosimulium ungulatum. Penguin chicks are infected when 4–6 weeks old. Some observations are recorded on the biology of the vector in association with the birds.

The female of Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) dumbletoni n.sp. is described and compared with other New Zealand species in the subgenus. Females were captured while they were biting caged Fiordland crested penguins, Eudyptes p. pachyrhynchus. They are vectors of the blood parasite Leucocytozoori tawaki.

Female Culiseta tonnoiri (Edwards) are able to engorge on the Fiordland crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray. Biting activity was found to be restricted to a period around dusk at a site in south Westland, New Zealand, during February.