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Metabolic syndrome has a multifactorial origin; however, epidemiological data correspond to populations located at sea level. It has been reported that the altitude can affected the prevalence due to physiological changes. The aim of this study is to show the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome at altitude and its components. We use four databases, all studies published up to November 2023. The prevalences from studies were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed. We included 28 studies. The number of participants was 29 195. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.3% (95% CI 22.8-38.4%). According to the altitude level, at 1500-2500 was 36.5%, 2500-3500 (21.8%), and > 3500 (30.9%), also it was higher in women (35.5%) that men (26.8%). It was observed that there is an inverse relationship between higher altitude and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among its components, abdominal obesity and low HDL were present in more than 40.0%, while high blood pressure, high triglycerides and impaired glucose were present in less than 30.0%. We recommend that our results be considered for future research in populations living at altitude since they have different characteristics from populations at sea level., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The purpose of this is to examine the visualization, dynamicity, and collaborative networking of scientific production on visible light (VL) and skin aging through scientometric analysis. Materials and Methods: This research consisted of a cross-sectional and descriptive design with a scientometric approach that examined the publication trends and collaborative patterns among authors and institutions from 2018 to 2023. A comprehensive search strategy was also employed by using specific keywords related to VL and skin aging. In this case, several indicators were employed, including scholarly output, view count, field-weighted citation impact (FWCI), and citation count. The analyses were performed by using SciVal software and R Studio version 4.3.2. Results: A total of 180 sources were identified, with 280 documents generated, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.72%. The documents, averaging 3.25 years in age, received an average of 12.14 citations, revealing their impact. Additionally, collaborations were evident, with a ratio of 5.6 coauthors per paper and 25.71% consisting of international collaborations. In terms of institutions, there were notable disparities in scholarly activities and impact metrics, highlighting the diversity of the research landscape. Meanwhile, journals, such as Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine , revealed a substantial impact (FWCI 2.05). Overall, the impact of the journals showed a general upward trend, reflecting dynamicity and variability over time. Conclusion: An annual growth rate of 6.72% was found, with 180 sources and 280 papers on VL and skin aging. Moreover, international collaborations, the positive impact in leading journals, and the distribution patterns identified through scientometric laws underscored the vitality and complexity of the field. These results offer valuable insights into guiding future research in this multidisciplinary field., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Fran Espinoza-Carhuancho et al.)

Background and Aim: This study focuses on the scientific output of ehrlichiosis, a tick-borne disease that affects a variety of animal species, including dogs, cats, and livestock. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a scientometric mapping of the trends, impact, and thematic evolution of scientific production on ehrlichiosis in veterinary medicine., Materials and Methods: The study design was descriptive and observational, with a quantitative scientometric approach. This study was based on Scopus data collection and analysis from 2018 to 2023. A literature search was conducted on February 12, 2024, and a total of 200 documents were found, of which 177 were articles, 15 book chapters, and eight reviews. A specific search formula was used to obtain documents. The documents were analyzed using SciVal and Bibliometrix in R Studio, focusing on four key metrics: Scholarly Output, View Count, Field-Weighted Citation Impact, and Citation Count., Results: This bibliometric study covered the period from 2018 to 2023 and analyzed 200 papers from 84 different sources. The average number of citations was 3595 and the mean age was 3.17 years. A total of 1874 keywords and 1085 authors were identified, with an average of 6.25 co-authors per paper. International co-authorship was present in 23% of the papers. The papers were distributed as articles (177), book chapters (15), and reviews (8)., Conclusion: The combination of these metrics enabled a more complete and accurate assessment of research performance. A total of 1874 keywords and 1085 authors were identified. The thematic evolution from "canine ehrlichiosis" and "Ehrlichia canis" to "dog" and "canine" was observed. Bradford's and Lotka's laws were confirmed, with some sources and authors generating most publications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Espinoza-Carhuancho, et al.)

Background and Aim: Dogs can detect specific cancer odors with their exceptional sense of smell. This study aimed to conduct a scientometric analysis of canine olfactory detection in oncology, identifying trends, visualizations, and patterns., Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using a quantitative-scientometric approach. Scopus was comprehensively searched using terms related to canine olfactory detection in oncology. Documents indexed in Scival software (Elsevier) and published between 2013 and 2022 were included., Results: Claire M. Guest, Rob Harris, and Giuseppe Lippi authored significant academic work. Journals such as Journal of Breath Research and PLoS One rank highly in publications and citations due to significant citation ratios, according to CiteScore's quartile-based impact analysis. According to Lotka's and Bradford's laws, a small group of authors and the Journal of Breath Research, respectively, dominate production in their fields., Conclusion: This analysis forms a solid base for future research on canine olfactory detection in oncology. The collaborative essence of this multidisciplinary field is emphasized by the key contributors and identified patterns, with journals in the Q1 and Q2 quartiles of CiteScore holding significant importance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Espinoza-Carhuancho, et al.)

Aim: To analyze the scientific production related to the use of botulinum toxin (BTX-A) in the management of bruxism and evaluate its scope, impact, networks, and new research trends., Materials and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study of publications indexed in Scopus from January 2018 to May 2024 was conducted. The bibliometric indicators evaluated were a number of publications, citations, h-index, SCImago Journal Rank 2022, CiteScore 2022, Lotka's Law, Bradford's Law, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Data were processed using SciVal and VOSviewer., Results: We obtained 98 publications, including original articles, reviews, and other types of documents. Among the most productive authors, most were from South Korea and Turkey. Wonkwang University (South Korea) had the highest number of publications, while Baylor College of Medicine (USA) had the highest impact with 66.5 citations per publication. Toxins had the highest number of publications and the best Cite Score in 2022. Six main topics related to BTX-A in bruxism were identified, highlighting "reviews," "electromyography" and "controlled clinical trials"., Conclusions: The use of BTX-A for the treatment of bruxism has generated increasing interest and scientific output in recent years, especially in South Korea and Brazil. However, there is a disparity in the productivity of authors, with most authors presenting only one publication., Clinical Significance: This study highlights the need for further research and collaborations to optimize clinical practice and better understand the efficacy and management of BTX-A for treating bruxism. How to cite this article: Villanueva-García M, Ruck-Sanchez N, Tinedo-López PL, et al. Bibliometric Analysis of Botulinum Toxin and Bruxism: Impact, Visualization, and Collaborative Networks. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(6):599-604.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes of Latin America and the Caribbean., Methods: We searched Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/MEDLINE, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase databases until January 16, 2023. We meta-analyzed prevalences according to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Results: Forty-three prevalence studies (47 585 participants) and one incidence study (436 participants) were included. The overall prevalence of retinopathy in patients with T1DM was 40.6% (95% CI: 34.7 to 46.6; I2: 92.1%) and in T2DM was 37.3% (95% CI: 31.0 to 43.8; I2: 97.7), but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty of evidence). In meta-regression, we found that age (T1DM) and time in diabetes (T2DM) were factors associated with the prevalence. On the other hand, one study found a cumulative incidence of diabetic retinopathy of 39.6% at 9 years of follow-up., Conclusions: Two out of five patients with T1DM or T2DM may present diabetic retinopathy in Latin America and the Caribbean, but the evidence is very uncertain. This is a major public health problem, and policies and strategies for early detection and opportunely treatment should be proposed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Medina-Ramirez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background and Aim: Understanding dental care in dogs has made remarkable progress in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the academic literature published in veterinary dentistry from 1990 to 2023., Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using a scientometric approach and metadata from the Web of Science database. A search strategy adapted for this database was developed using MeSH and Emtree terms and the Boolean operators AND and OR. Using Bibliometrix, different metrics were evaluated to assess the scientific production of researchers and institutions and the impact of authors based on their publications. CiteSpace was also used for co-citation analysis and visualization of citation networks, trends, and patterns in this field of study over time., Results: The bibliometric study analyzed 211 documents from 50 different sources from 1990 to 2023, with an annual growth rate of 6.5%, covering the period 1990-2023. A total of 474 authors were identified, with an average of 2.82 coauthors per paper and 11.85% international coauthorships. The average age of the papers was 12.4 years and 4.55 citations per paper. The most common types of documents were articles (154 documents)., Conclusion: Research in veterinary dentistry has shown steady growth from 1990 to 2023. Although there have been fluctuations in article production over the years, there has been a steady growth in article production in veterinary dentistry in general. The annual average number of citations per article has varied over the years, reaching 45 in 2015. However, the average number of citations per article has decreased significantly from 2021 to 2023., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Alvitez-Temoche, et al.)

Aim: To identify patterns and trends in the field of immunization, vaccination, and immunomodulation therapies for periodontitis., Materials and Methods: Metadata were collected from the Scopus database on publications related to these topics from January 1986 to February 2024. Several types of papers were included in this study, a total of 22 publications. Data were extracted from relevant publications and loaded into SciVal for analysis that were used to identify trends and patterns in the data, including cross-country collaboration, thematic evolution, and keyword distribution., Results: Mohsen Amin of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran and S. Aadil Ahamed and Annie Kitty George of Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences in India were found to be notable contributors in this field. India leads in terms of academic paper production, followed by Iran and China. The journals Expert Review of Vaccines and International Immunopharmacology have published significant papers in this field., Conclusions: According to Lotka's Law, most authors have written only one paper, reflecting the distribution of productivity in many academic and scientific fields. Collaborations were observed between Iran and Canada, Korea and New Zealand, and the United States and Belgium. This study provides useful insight into the predominant trends and patterns in the scientific literature in the field of immunization, vaccination, and immunomodulation therapies for periodontitis., Clinical Significance: The findings of this study may help to understand the dynamics of the production on immunization, vaccination, and immunomodulation therapies could reduce the inflammation and progression of periodontitis, thus improving the patient's oral and overall health. How to cite this article: Mauricio F, Mendoza R, Silva H, et al . Overview, Trends, and Collaboration on Immunization, Vaccination, and Immunomodulation Therapies for Periodontitis: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):128-133.

Purpose: This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups., Methods: A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses., Results: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I 2 : 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS., Conclusion: Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors report no commercial or proprietary interest in any product or concept discussed in this article., (Copyright © 2023 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on dermatology, but to date no bibliometric analysis of this field has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric indicator analysis of the worldwide scientific production of COVID-19 in dermatology., Materials and Methods: An advanced bibliographic search was performed in the Scopus database to identify articles on COVID-19 and dermatology from 2020 to 2021. The collected information was analysed with SciVal software. Bibliometric data were described through figures and summary tables., Results: A total of 1448 documents were collected and analysed. Torello Lotti was the author with the greatest scientific production; however, Esther Freeman had the greatest impact. Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of published articles. Most papers were published in the first quartiles. The United States and Italy were the leading countries in terms of production. Articles with international collaboration had the highest impact., Conclusion: Articles related to dermatology and COVID-19 are mostly published with American and Italian affiliations. In addition, there has been an increase in the distribution of articles published in the first quartile, which would reflect a growing interest in the community. Publications with international collaboration reported the highest impact, so future authors should take this into account., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Dermatology.)

Background: The use of activated carbon (AC) in oral hygiene products has gained significant interest; however, its potential benefits for oral health remain uncertain. This study aimed to conduct a scientometric analysis to examine the dynamicity, emerging patterns, and trends over time in scientific production concerning the use of AC in oral health., Methods: The Web of Science database was searched for articles published between 2005 and 2022. Various bibliometric indicators, including the H-index, annual growth, Lotka's law, Bradford's law, and Sankey diagram, were used for data analysis. Overlay maps, timezone visualization, and three field plots were used to evaluate visualization patterns, time-temporal relationships, and trends. Information retrieval process was performed on March 11, 2023., Results: The analysis revealed that only six studies constituted the top references with the highest number of citations in recent years, with Brooks' 2017 study demonstrating the most significant increase in citation. The dual-map overlay demonstrated a close citation relationship between cluster 4 (Molecular Biology Immunology) and the areas of Environmental, Toxicology, and Nutrition. The visualization graph of publication patterns indicated the journals that accumulated the highest number of citations during the study period., Conclusion: This scientometric study provides valuable insights into the use of AC in oral health and its impact on the field of dentistry. It determines the most productive journals, authors, and countries with the greatest influence. AC effectively removes pollutants and is gaining interest for use in dental effluent treatment. Thus, it may be a viable option for professionals., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a severe childhood health problem worldwide. This study analyzes the scientific production on CHD published in Scopus during the last decade., Methods: This study assessed the research on CHD conducted during the 2011-2020 period. Indexed publications were identified using a list of keywords consisting of MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) and Emtree (EMBASE) terms for the category "Congenital Heart Defects." The studies obtained were analyzed using the SciVal platform, and the production, impact, and collaboration indicators were considered. Additionally, an analysis of co-occurrence between countries and keywords was carried out with the VOSviewer software., Results: The study found 8934 articles on CHD. A growing trend was observed during the last decade. The distribution of the scientific production at the international level shows that most publications are from the United States, China, and the United Kingdom, whereas Latin American countries have the lowest production. The articles analyzed contain a total of 89,835 citations. Most studies are published in high-impact journals (Q1), with 3273 studies corresponding to 39.3% of the total production analyzed. In the keyword analysis, we found five areas investigated., Conclusions: Scientific production has shown sustained growth in the past years. Increased scientific production in specific research areas may have helped decrease morbimortality due to CHD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The objective of this scientometric study was to assess the global trends and characteristics of published occupational health research from 2016 to 2020. The SciVal tool (Elsevier) was used to perform the corresponding bibliometric analyses such as the Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), CiteScore, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). Most of the manuscripts (46.5%) had national collaboration, with an average of 6.1 citations per paper. However, only 71 manuscripts (5.4%) presented single authorship (without collaboration). It was found that 486 manuscripts related to occupational health were published in Q2 journals (top 26-50%). Scientific publications on occupational health have increased remarkably worldwide, especially in Europe, and have mainly been published in Q1 and Q2 journals with a total of 292 and 289 scientific manuscripts in 2019 and 2020, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate Peruvian scientific publications in dentistry according to sex disparity (2011-2020)., Methods: This was a retrospective bibliometric study. The unit of analysis was made up of Peruvian dentistry publications indexed in the Scopus database during the last 10 years. Records with metadata (410) corresponding to the period 2011-2020 were downloaded and standardized and refined by analyzing the metadata. The search strategy was developed based on the individual profiles of each Peruvian institution that has a dental school or college. It was evaluated according to the AF-ID of each institution in the Scopus database. In addition, the information provided by the Scopus SciVal tool was used. Finally, publications, impact, and collaboration indicators were used, such as total number per document, per author, average of citations, h -index, collaboration rate, number of institutions, the Source Normalized Impact per Paper indicator, the CiteScore, and the Scopus Field-Weighted Citation Impact., Results: The greatest increase was evident in 2018, with 2019 and 2020 being the maximum peak of scientific publication growth. However, sustained growth has not been evidenced in relation to the female sex. The analysis of coauthorship by the authors revealed four large clusters, of which the first three were represented by male researchers, such as Arriola-Guillen L., Mayta-Tovalino F., and Mendoza-Azpur G., and one by a female, Guerrero María E. Evaluating the national scientific publication in dentistry according to the CiteScore, it was found that most of the publications (145) from Peru were published in Q4 journals, although 90 manuscripts were published in Q1 journals., Conclusions: The Peruvian national dental publication in the last 10 years was mainly supported by male dentists, which invites us to reflect on the need to equalize opportunities so that female researchers can also reduce these gaps., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Frank Mayta-Tovalino et al.)

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific research on the development of vaccines against dental caries., Methods: An extraction of the scientific production published on the development of vaccines against dental caries between 2011 and 2020 was carried out from the Scopus database. Microsoft Excel was used for the elaboration of tables and SciVal for the bibliometric analysis of the data, which were divided into indicators of production, impact, and collaboration. Finally, VOSviewer was used for co-occurrence analysis of keywords and collaborative networks., Results: 106 studies were retrieved from the Scopus database, which were conducted on the development of dental caries vaccines within the years 2011-2020. Wuhan University, in China, was the university with the highest scientific production on the subject, with 4 publications. Regarding the most productive journals, the first place was occupied by the Journal of Dental Research with 7 publications. Regarding the most productive journals, the first place was occupied by the Journal of Dental Research with 7 publications. The highest percentage of the documents analyzed was in quartile 1 journals and in the national collaboration pattern., Conclusion: Most of the manuscripts regarding the development of vaccines against dental caries were published in China and in Q 1 quartile journals. In addition, Yan Huimin, Yang Jingyi, Zhou Dihan, Yang Yi, Li Yuhong and Fan Mingwen were found to top the list of most productive authors. The Journal of Dental Research was also identified as the most productive and cited journal., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Alejandra Torres-Loyola et al.)

Objective: To evaluate the bibliometric profile of the national academic production of public and private medical schools in Scopus after the publication of a new university law (2015-2020)., Methods: A descriptive bibliometric study was conducted. The secondary data corresponding to the 42 Peruvian medical schools that had scientific publications in Scopus from 2015 to 2020 were evaluated, and the Affiliation ID of each Peruvian institution was considered. Data were analysed using SciVal., Results: The total production of the Peruvian medical schools was 5406 manuscripts (100%), of which 3018 (56%) were included in the 'clinical medicine' category. The total production of publications in Peru from 2015 to 2020 was 21597 manuscripts, of which medical publications accounted for 7950, with only 5406 manuscripts belonging to the Faculties of Medicine of Peru. The Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health had published the highest number of manuscripts (500 articles), with an approximate publication citation of two., Conclusion: There was a constant increase in the scientific production of Peruvian medical schools from 2015 to 2020. Additionally, it was found that medical publications contribute the most to the total scientific production of Peru., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Frank Mayta-Tovalino et al.)

The triglyceride/high-density cholesterol-lipoprotein (TG/HDL-c) is a biomarker of cardiovascular events and mortality. In hemodialysis patients, the evidence is controversial. A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Pubmed databases to identify the relevant cohort studies on cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients the role of TG/HDL-c as a risk factor. Four cohort-type studies were evaluated, with a total of 52,579 hemodialysis patients. Three studies conducted in Asian populations and one study in the United States had the highest percentage of the sample (50,673 patients). The elevated TG/HDL-c ratio is associated with better survival, and there is a consistent gradual inverse association between TG/HDL-c and mortality in all analysis subgroups. In the decile categorization of the exposure variable, a 21% decrease in the risk of cardiovascular mortality and a 15% decrease in all-cause mortality in the highest decile compared to the reference group (D10 aHR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69-0.91 and D10 aHR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78-0.92). Our results show that the TG/HDL-c ratio is a protective factor for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the American population and a risk factor for them in the population from Asia., (© 2021 International Society for Hemodialysis.)

Objective: To evaluate the scientometrics characteristics of the scientific production on the treatment of brain tumors with gamma knife radiosurgery in Scopus., Methods: The Scopus database (Elsevier) was used to collect all relevant studies for this bibliometric analysis. Data was obtained as a .csv file; it was downloaded from Scopus and was exported by SciVal to Microsoft Excel for a presentation using tables for more detailed analysis. The citations and the number of papers for the most productive institutions, authors, countries, and journals publishing scientific papers were analyzed on the use of gamma knife radiosurgery for brain tumors., Results: 458 metadata were obtained from scientific publications, on which inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, leaving 248 studies. The maximum peak of publications was 2018 with 31 publications, and the minimum peak was 2015 with 18. The most related subtopics were neurology, surgery, and oncology, and most of the retrieved papers had only institutional collaboration. As for more productive journals, Journal of Neurosurgery is first with 23 publications; within the countries with the most scientific publications, we have the United States, Japan, and China. With the United States being the country with the highest number of productions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was the main university with the highest scientific production and Sheehan and Trifiletti and American authors dominate the list with the highest number of documents., Conclusion: Scientific production regarding gamma knife surgery and brain tumors has been increasing during the last 10 years, with a high incidence during 2018, and the highest number of published articles was in the first quartile. Likewise, the United States is the country with the most publications, authors, and universities on the subject. Greater efforts are still lacking from all countries in the world to reach the quantity and quality of production of the United States., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Walkiria Garcia-Fuentes et al.)

Introduction : Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is an adverse and severe skin reaction due to patients' susceptibility to medications, including phenytoin. The objective was to explore the characteristics of patients with DRESS secondary to phenytoin through a systematic review. Methods : We describe a case of DRESS syndrome secondary to phenytoin in a patient with previous exposure to this drug. A systematic literature review of cases of phenytoin-induced DRESS syndrome was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science until May 2019. Results : 37 articles describing 40 cases of DRESS syndrome were selected. Mean age of onset was 33 years, without gender difference. Symptoms started between two and 90 days (mean ± 23 days). Liver and respiratory tract were most frequently involved, and eosinophilia was a common feature, it was presented with an average value of 9.7%. A discussion of the case and qualitative synthesis of the evidence reported in the literature were made. Conclusion : Patients and presentation characteristics will mostly be presented according to the criteria used by RegiSCAR. It is recommended to consider adequate monitoring of adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs such as DRESS syndrome, given its severity and high lethality.

Aim and Method: To determine the effect on decisional-related and clinical outcomes of decision aids for depression treatment in adults in randomised clinical trials. In January 2019, a systematic search was conducted in five databases. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Meta-analyses were performed, and standardised and weighted mean differences were calculated, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated with GRADE methodology., Results: Six randomised clinical trials were included. The pooled estimates showed that decision aids for depression treatment had a beneficial effect on patients' decisional conflict, patient knowledge and information exchange between patient and health professional. However, no statistically significant effect was found for doctor facilitation, treatment adherence or depressive symptoms. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes., Clinical Implications: Using decision aids to choose treatment in patients with depression may have a a beneficial effect on decisional-related outcomes, but it may not translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem that has become a global threat. Special attention should be given to polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) which, since their reintroduction into clinical practice, are considered "last resort" drugs. The objective of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific research on polymyxin resistance. Methods: Scopus was used to retrieve documents relevant to polymyxin resistance from 2010 to 2019. Data was exported to Microsoft Excel for table presentation. SciVal was used for volume and citation analysis as well as collaboration patterns. Also, we extracted data regarding the top documents, authors, countries, institutions, and the metrics of journals. VantagePoint and VOSviewer were used for geographical distribution of worldwide research and keyword co-occurrence analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 1,409 documents were retrieved. The retrieved documents received 25.0 citations per document. Articles (73.88%) and letters (18.09%) were the most frequent types of documents. During 2010-2019, there was a significant growth in publications ( p -value < 0.001). The received citations were 35,209 with a peak in 2016 (11,250 citations). China and the United States led the scientific production with 299 (21.2%) and 238 (16.9%) publications, respectively. Little or no contribution came from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Chinese institutions have caused the greatest impact, with University of Zhejiang (China) being the most prolific institution on the subject (88 documents). In terms of the most productive journals, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ranked first with 196 (13.9%) documents. Most of the documents were published in quartile one journals and only had national collaboration (43.2%). Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that research on polymyxin resistance during the last decade has focused on its relationship with public health, pharmacology, and genetics. Conclusion: The number of documents on polymyxin resistance has increased significantly in the recent years, with a steep growth from 2016 onwards. China and the United States led the scientific production. Most of the documents were published in high-quality journals. Greater joint efforts and more contribution from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America are still needed to tackle this global problem., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Quincho-Lopez and Pacheco-Mendoza.)

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of the national scholarly output of all dental schools in Peru in Scopus through a retrospective study after the promulgation of the Peruvian University Law 30220 in 2014., Methods: This was a descriptive, comparative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. A search of the Scopus database was performed to identify scholarly output in dentistry between 2014 and 2019. A total of 287 scientific articles with affiliation with the dental faculties of Peruvian public and private universities were evaluated. The data was extracted from Scopus using a complex formula developed from the words of the thesaurus MeSh (Medline) and Emtree (base) with words related to dentistry combined with the AF-IDs of the Peruvian universities., Results: The Top 10 in the scholarly output of all the Peruvian public and private dental schools were as follows: firstly, the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), with 79 scholarly outputs publications and 5.2 citations per article, followed by the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) with 53 scholarly outputs publications and 2.6 citations per article, and in third place, the Universidad Cientifica del Sur (UCSUR) with 49 scholarly outputs publications. In general, it was found that, of the 30 Faculties of Dentistry in Peru, only 10 in the public and private universities have a scholarly output greater than 5 to belong to the top 10. In addition, it was found that, according to the share of publications per journal quartile by the CiteScore Percentile of all the public and private Peruvian Faculties of Dentistry, in 2019, it presented the highest number of scientific publications in all quartiles with 20,33,14 and 43 articles in the quartiles Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. The highest number of scientific publications was produced in 2019 with 20, 33, 14, and 43 articles in quartiles Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively., Conclusion: The UPCH, UNMSM, and UCSUR dental schools were the most productive. Both public and private universities presented an evident increase in their scientific publications in Scopus after the promulgation of the University Law 30220 in 2014., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Frank Mayta-Tovalino et al.)

Objective: This study was undertaken to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), describing trends over time, and exploring potential clinical and epidemiological factors explaining the heterogeneity in the region., Methods: Observational studies assessing the incidence or prevalence of epilepsy in LAC countries up to March 2020 were systematically reviewed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Meta-analyses and cumulative analyses were performed using random-effects models. We assessed between-study heterogeneity with sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses. Moreover, the quality of the included studies and the certainty of evidence were evaluated using the GRADE (grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation) approach., Results: Overall, 40 studies (from 42 records) were included, 37 for prevalence analyses and six for incidence (312 387 inhabitants; 410 178 person-years). The lifetime prevalence was 14.09 per 1000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.72-16.67), for active epilepsy prevalence was 9.06 per 1000 individuals (95% CI = 6.94-11.44), and the incidence rate was 1.11 per 1000 person-years (95% CI = .65-1.70). These high estimates have been constant in the region since 1990. However, substantial statistical heterogeneity between studies and publication bias were found. The overall certainty of evidence was low. Methodological aspects (sample size) and countries' epidemiological characteristics such as access to sanitation services and child and adult mortality rates explained the high heterogeneity. Finally, the prevalence of epilepsy associated with neurocysticercosis (NCC) in the general population was high, and the proportion of NCC diagnosis among people living with epilepsy was 17.37%., Significance: The epilepsy prevalence and incidence in LAC are higher than worldwide estimates, being constant since 1990 and strongly influenced by NCC. We identified high between-study heterogeneity and significant methodological limitations (e.g., heterogeneous definitions, lack of longitudinal studies). The region needs upgraded research using standardized definitions and diagnostic methods, and urgent action against preventable causes., (© 2021 International League Against Epilepsy.)

We aimed to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that determined the efficacy of adding omega-3 supplementation to the continuous sertraline therapy in adults with depression. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects. We used the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials version 2.0. to assess the risk of bias. Four RCTs were included. The follow-up ranged from eight to 12 weeks. Regarding the Beck Depression Inventory, the pooled SMD was 0.50 (95% CI: -0.51, 1.50; I 2 : 94.1%). A subgroup analysis was performed regarding the presence of coronary disease: SMD -0.17 (95% CI: -0.41, 0.07; I 2 : 0.0%). Regarding the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the pooled MD was 0.03 (95% CI: -2.22, 2.28; I 2 : 0.0%). Regarding the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the pooled MD was 0.42 (95% CI: -1.44, 2.29; I 2 : 35.7%). All pooled outcomes presented a very low certainty of the evidence. Three RCTs presented a low risk of bias in all domains; however, one study presented some concerns in two domains. No essential reductions in the outcomes were found. A subgroup analysis suggested that may be better not to provide the supplementation in patients with coronary disease. The evidence is not enough to make recommendations., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Socioeconomic and cultural factors coupled with an inability to control many endemic and emerging diseases have resulted in a growing incidence of epilepsy cases in Latin America. This study aimed to analyze and describe scientific research output trends in epilepsy research for the period 1989-2018. Publications were extracted from Scopus indexed journals. Bibliometric analysis was used to analyze scientific output including number of annual publications, documents, and publication characteristics. A mapping analysis using VOSviewer software visualized collaborative network analysis, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. SciVal quantitatively analyzed distribution of countries, institutions, citation counts, H -index, and research collaborative partnerships. A total of 176507 records were initially retrieved after which 5636 were analyzed. Overall, an increasing trend for publication output was observed from 19 articles in 1989 to 342 in 2018; the number of publications significantly increased over the past 20 years (p = 0.0065). The majority of publications were original articles (74.4%). Brazil had the most scientific production (55.2%), followed by Mexico (15.4%) and Argentina (10%). Extra-regional collaboration was primarily with the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada; intraregional collaboration was low. The most common area of investigation by co-occurrences was "diagnostic research" (37.2%), with studies based on electroencephalography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Epilepsy research in Latin America has seen a steady growth with significant increases over the past 20 years. Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina are the most productive countries in the field collaborating primarily with extra-regional countries of high-income., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Depression is considered a mental health-related disability that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. On the other hand, it is estimated that 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, and this scenario is currently riddled with the global burden of mental disorders, non-communicable diseases and other age-related comorbidities., Aim: To assess the association between disability and depression among Peruvian older adults., Methods: We used data from the 2017 Peru Demographic and Familiar Health Survey, with a focus on adults aged 50 years and older. Whereas the presence of disability was assessed using different questions of the survey, depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We calculated the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) using Poisson regression models with log link function, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)., Results: From the study population, 5% had a disability. In addition, 43.3% were screened positive for depression (13.2% for moderately severe/severe). After adjusting for confounding variables, disability was associated with moderate and severe depression (aPR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11, aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15)., Conclusion: Disability was positively associated with moderate and severe depression. Public health policies should address the early diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with any of these problems. Likewise, coping strategies should be promoted among families of persons with disabilities.

Background and Aims: Hypertension and diabetes are global health problems with an incidence that is rapidly increasing worldwide. Depression is the most frequent mental health co-morbidity and is considered an important risk factor for the development of both diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among Peruvian adults with hypertension and diabetes., Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the 2017 Peru Demographic and Family Health Survey, using data from 10,566 adults aged 40 and older. The main outcome was depression assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Other important variables were the diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes, sex, age, level of education, geographical region, wealth index, daily smoking, harmful alcohol consumption and physical disability., Results: The overall prevalence of depression was 23.15% (CI 95%: 21.42%-24.88%) and among adults with hypertension and diabetes it was 34.96% (CI 95%: 29.33%-40.59%) and 35.56% (CI 95%: 24.49%-46.63%), respectively. Whereas the prevalence of depression among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was higher in the physical disability group (PRa: 1.28; CI 95%: 1.12-1.45), the prevalence of depression among adults with hypertension was higher in the female group (PRa: 1.36; CI 95%: 1.20-1.54) and among those with harmful alcohol consumption (PRa: 1.50; CI 95%: 1.01-2.24)., Conclusion: Peru has a considerable burden of depression in the hypertensive and diabetic populations. While the variables positively associated with depression in hypertensive adults were female gender and harmful alcohol consumption, in adults with diabetes it was the presence of physical disability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide., Methods: A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., "paywalled articles") were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using "alternative ways" (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub., Results: The number of full texts of "paywalled articles" available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of "alternative ways" and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text "paywalled articles," and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers' websites using pay-per-view., Conclusions: The scant number of available full text "paywalled articles" in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2019 Boudry et al.)

Objective: To evaluate the association between dysnatremias or dyschloremias and mortality during hospitalization in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing acute hemodialysis., Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study on adult patients undergoing acute hemodialysis with AKI or CKD diagnosis at a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Dysnatremias were categorized as hyponatremia (Na < 135mmol/L) or hypernatremia (Na > 145mmol/L), and dyschloremias were defined as hypochloremia (Cl < 98 mmol/L) or hyperchloremia (Cl > 109mmol/L). The outcome of interest was mortality during hospitalization. We performed generalized lineal Poisson family models with bias-corrected and accelerated non-parametric bootstrap to estimate the risk ratios at crude (RR) and adjusted analysis (aRR) by gender, age, HCO3 (for all patients) and Liaño score (only for AKI) with CI95%., Results: We included 263 patients (mean age: 54.3 years, females: 43%): 191 with CKD and 72 with AKI. Mortality was higher in patients with AKI (59.7%) than in patients with CKD (14.1%). In overall, patients with hypernatremia had a higher mortality during hospitalization compared to those who had normal sodium values (aRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.17-2.83); patients with hyponatremia did not have different mortality (aRR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.69-2.04). We also found that hyperchloremia (aRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.83-2.18) or hypochloremia (aRR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.30-14.78) did not increase mortality in comparison to normal chloride values. No association between dysnatremias or dyschloremias and mortality during hospitalization was found in CKD and AKI subgroups., Conclusions: In our exploratory analysis, only hypernatremia was associated with mortality during hospitalization among patients with AKI or CKD undergoing acute hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION The steadily increasing prevalence of diabetes globally has captured researchers' attention. Cuban production of scientific articles on diabetes has not been studied from a bibliometric perspective. OBJECTIVE Characterize the production and impact of research and review articles on diabetes by Cuban authors in journals listed in the Scopus bibliographic database, as well as related collaboration among Cuban institutions and between Cuban and non-Cuban institutions. METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted using 2000-2017 data from the Scopus database. The following search strategy was used: descriptor (diabetes), country (Cuba), publication source (journal), article type (original research, review article). Bibliographic indicators of production, visibility, impact and collaboration were examined. RESULTS Cuba contributed 3.2% of Latin American production and 0.1% of global production related to diabetes. Within Cuba's scientific production (610 articles, 538 original research and 72 review), 85.9% had a Cuban corresponding author (Cuban leadership). In articles with international collaboration (22.9%), however, most (67.9%) had non-Cuban corresponding authors. A total of 47% (287) were articles involving a single institution. Only 11.1% were published in top-ranked journals, and 14.4% were cited >10 times. Cubans were lead authors on 0.3% of the most frequently cited (top 10%) articles on diabetes in Scopus. A total of 38.4% of this production appeared in low-impact journals and 57.9% in Cuban journals. Articles published in English accounted for 30% of total and obtained higher impact in terms of citations than articles in Spanish. The strongest networks for scientific collaboration were those that connected Cuban and US researchers. CONCLUSIONS Cuban scientists conduct research on diabetes, but their work is not highly visible in the peer-reviewed literature, particularly in top-ranked journals. The problem is not simply one of publishing more, but of knowing how and where to publish. It is urgent that Cuban universities training health professionals at all levels include instruction on scientific writing.

The new university law 30220 of 2014 introduced the mandatory institutional licensing of all Peruvian universities by the National Superintendence of Higher University Education (SUNEDU, in Spanish). The first undergraduate program to go through this process will be medicine. The licensing of medical programs is necessary to ensure that the conditions in which the program is taught in Peru are adequate, with a high probability of closing some medical schools. Once a medical school has demonstrated that it meets the basic conditions of quality, a qualitative and quantitative evaluation is carried out that includes three criteria: scientific production in the Web of Science, impact measured through the H index, and results of the national medical exam, to determine the years of licensing. This article evaluates the quantitative indicators linked to research using Web of Science and Scopus, in addition to making technical and methodological revisions of them. Suggestions for the other indicators are also covered by this article.

Objectives: To determine the scientific production of Research Vice-chancellors at Peruvian universities that have medical schools, as well as their academic degrees as an indirect way to evaluate their suitability for the position they hold., Methods: We searched all Peruvian universities that register medical schools. Of these, the scientific production of the universities registered in SCOPUS was identified in September of the 2016. The scientific production of the vice chancellors of investigation of these faculties of medicine was determined through the search of its scientific publications registered in SCOPUS and those reported in the National Registry of Researchers in Science and Technology. Academic degrees were obtained from the database of the National Superintendence of Higher University Education., Results: The sample included 28 research vice chancellors. Only 4/28 had any publications. The average number of articles published by the vice chancellors of research was 1.71, the number of citations 23.1 on average and the H index 0.64. Besides, 22 Vice-chancellors of research had the degree of doctor, four had the degree of bachelor and two the degree of master., Conclusions: The scientific production of research vice chancellors is poor. The required academic grade requirement for the position is not met in all cases. It is likely that, having no research experience, his leadership in directing a university's research policies may be questioned.

The pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN) is generally associated with small-vessel vasculitis with a few reported cases associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). We present the case of a female 34-year-old patient with acute kidney injury symptoms with indication for renal replacement therapy in the context of clinical SLE diagnosis. A kidney biopsy was conducted and it was found that most glomeruli showed some segmental sclerosis with synechia to the Bowman's capsule. 67% of the glomeruli had fibroepithelial crescents. Moreover, the interstitial space had a moderate lymphomononuclear infiltration and mild fibrosis. In the arterioles, there were walls thickened by subintimal sclerosis. Direct immunofluorescence detected limited IgM and C3 deposits in capillary loops and negative mensangium for IgG, IgA and C1q. A therapy using corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide was initiated with stable evolution. PICGN associated with SLE is a rare pathology with clinical presentation, varied evolution and without a standard medical treatment.

Peer review of research articles is a core part of our scholarly communication system. In spite of its importance, the status and purpose of peer review is often contested. What is its role in our modern digital research and communications infrastructure? Does it perform to the high standards with which it is generally regarded? Studies of peer review have shown that it is prone to bias and abuse in numerous dimensions, frequently unreliable, and can fail to detect even fraudulent research. With the advent of Web technologies, we are now witnessing a phase of innovation and experimentation in our approaches to peer review. These developments prompted us to examine emerging models of peer review from a range of disciplines and venues, and to ask how they might address some of the issues with our current systems of peer review. We examine the functionality of a range of social Web platforms, and compare these with the traits underlying a viable peer review system: quality control, quantified performance metrics as engagement incentives, and certification and reputation. Ideally, any new systems will demonstrate that they out-perform current models while avoiding as many of the biases of existing systems as possible. We conclude that there is considerable scope for new peer review initiatives to be developed, each with their own potential issues and advantages. We also propose a novel hybrid platform model that, at least partially, resolves many of the technical and social issues associated with peer review, and can potentially disrupt the entire scholarly communication system. Success for any such development relies on reaching a critical threshold of research community engagement with both the process and the platform, and therefore cannot be achieved without a significant change of incentives in research environments., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JPT works for ScienceOpen; TRH works for OpenAIRE.

This non-systematic bibliographic review examines the published Peruvian medical literature on arterial hypertension (HTN) as of December 2016. The results were divided into three thematic areas: self-knowledge, adherence to treatment, and control. We identified 197 articles, although only 15 were used for the analysis. Despite improvement in recent years, we found that the level of self-knowledge about HTN is poor. The level is better in urban areas, but is generally worse than in other Latin American cities. Moreover, despite improvement, HTN control is insufficient and worse than in other Latin American countries. Finally, adherence to treatment may be worse in the provinces.

Introduction: Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in developing countries are described in a profile of young age, with less comorbidities, with unifactorial, and with a lower mortality compared to patients in developed countries., Objective: To assess mortality in patients with acute kidney injury undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and its associated factors in a developing country setting., Methods: Retrospective study. Demographic, clinical, and mortality variables were collected from patients who presented AKI and underwent HD between January 2014 and December 2015 at a national reference hospital in Lima, Peru. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated through Poisson regressions., Results: Data from 72 patients with AKI that underwent HD were analyzed, 66.7% of them were < 64 years old, and 40.2% of all patients died undergoing HD. Crude analysis showed higher mortality among those who used vasopressors, but lower mortality among those with creatinine values > 8.9 mg/dL. The adjusted analysis showed that having had a creatinine level of > 8.9 mg/dL, compared to a creatinine level of < 5.2 mg/dL at the time of initiating HD, was associated with 74% less probability of death., Conclusion: Four out of every ten AKI patients undergoing HD die. Higher levels of creatinine were associated with lower probability of mortality.

The aim of this study was to geospatially explore the occurrence rates of car accidents involving pedestrians in Cercado de Lima (Lima District), Peru. Car accidents involving pedestrians recorded in the 2015 National Police Station Census of the National Statistics and Information Institute were described and georeferenced. Subsequently, a Kernel Density analysis was carried out to locate areas with high, medium, and low density events. Records of 171 car accidents involving pedestrians were studied: the types of vehicles involved were automobiles (56.7%) and smaller vehicles (22.8%). The highest percentage of car accidents involving pedestrians (38.6%) took place between 12:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. There were two densely populated areas and two areas with intermediate density for car accidents involving pedestrians, locations that were previously reported as critical due to their deficiencies and high probability of traffic accidents. The use of geographic information systems offers a quick overview of the occurrence rates of car accidents involving pedestrians to make comparisons and enable the local implementation of strategies.